简介:Cities,asthemostcomplexofhumancreations,areatgreatriskbothfromawiderangeofhazardsandfromtheirownmultiplevulnerabilities.Withthecurrentformofglobalization,citiesaroundtheworldaremovingtogetherintoanewandhazardousenvironment.Morecitieshavenowbecomestrategicandindependentlinchpinsintheglobaleconomy.Disrupteconomiclifeinanyonemajorcityandshockwavescircletheearthalmostinstantly.However,tosustainconsumerconfidencewhichunderliestheglobaleconomy,muchinformationthatmightgenerateseriousdoubtabouttheworld'sfuturehasnotbeentabledforgeneralpublicconsideration.Whilethenewhazardofglobalterrorismforcestherevealofthereality,globalistsarefacingseverechallengesincludingthepsychologicalimpact.Theauthordrawsananalogyoftheindustrializationin19thcenturyandproposesmanyofthechangesthatareneededtoreducethevulnerabilityofcities.
简介:Themodernsocio-economicalpolicyoftheRepublicofBelarusaimsatsolvingtheproblemsofsustainablefunctioningofurbanandruralsettlements,andcreationandmaintenanceofahighqualityhousingforthepopulation.Housingconstructionisthemostsociallysignificantandcapital-intensivepartoftheeconomyeverywhere.Thereisacloserelationshipbetweenthehousingsectorandothereconomicspheresbothinurbanandruralsettlements.TheStateimplementsanactivehousingpolicyto:increasethesupplyofhousing,improvehousingquality,meetthestandardsofthe21^stcentury,developaneffectivedemandondwelling,elaborateregulationsforsubsidizinghousingconstructionandsupportregionsmostinneed.ThegeneraldirectionofhousingreformsisthetransitionfromStatehousingtoawellfunctioninghousingmarket.Thispaperwillhighlightmostoftheabovementionedissues.
简介:Urbanization,rural-to-urbanmigration,industrializationandmodernizationhaveresultedintheerosionoftraditionalfamily,communityandkinnetworksindifferentregionsoftheworld.ContemporarysocietiesintheEast,West,NorthandSouthareundergoingabreakdownofsocialcohesion.Especiallyinurbanenvironments,care-givingforchildren,thefrailandtheelderlyisinawkwardsituation.Asagrassrootsresponsetotheseglobalissues,MotherCentreshavebeenbuiltupin16countriesintheworldtosupportfamilies,especiallypoorfamilies,ofmanyethnicbackgrounds,inprovidingawiderangeofclosetohomeservicesaswellashelpingtheparentstodevelopsurvivalskills.
简介:TheSpanishhousingcooperativesaretemporaryorganizationsaimingatbuildinghomesfortheirmemberswiththehelpofprofessionalagentstoensureapricewhichcoversonlytheactualcosts,withoutanyprofitoftheprivatedevelopmentcompanyand,consequentlyalowerpricethanthemarketprice,andaffordableforthepeople.HousesproducedincooperativeregimeconstituteaconsiderablepartofthesubsidizedhousinginSpain,whicharegradedintothreecategoriesaccordingtotheratioofthebeneficiary'sincometotheminimumwage.Theirpercentageintheoverallhousesbuilthasalsobeenincreasinginrecentyears.Thereasonofthegrowthliesnotonlyinitscostefficiencybutalsoinsomeotheradvantagesincludingthesocialcohesionoftheuserswhohaveorganizedthemselvesinthisregime.Theauthorgivesanexampleofthe"L'illa"buildingtodemonstratetheseadvantages.