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简介：Chinahasexperiencedarapidurbanizationsincelate1970s.Thegreatincreaseofurbanpopulationhasresultedinvariousenvironmentalchanges,ofwhichurbanwatershortageandwaterenvironmentproblemshaveoc-curredinmostcities,especiallyintherapidlydevelopingurbanagglomerationsintheeasterncoastalregion.Thisresearch,takingShandongPeninsulaUrbanAgglomeration(SPUA)asacasestudyarea,analyzestheurbanizationexpansioninthelastdecades,discussesthewatershortageandwaterenvironmentchangesfollowingtherapideco-nomicdevelopmentandurbanizationsuchasgroundwatersinkingintheurbanandplainarea,seawaterandsalt-waterintrusioninthecoastalcities,waterpollutionoverspreadingandwaterecosystemdegradation,andputsfor-wardssomestrategiesforsustainabilityinpopulousregionswithseverewatershortage.SomecountermeasuresforsustainabledevelopmentofSPUAareputforward,suchasconstructingmodernwaterresourcesinter-citynetworkstoregulatewaterresourcebetweencities,adjustingurbanizationpolicyandurbanscaleplanningtopromotethede-velopmentofsmalltownsandmediumsizedcities,optimizingurbanindustrystructurebyrestrictinghighwatercon-sumptionenterprisesandstimulatingthegrowthoftertiaryindustry,improvingwateruseefficiencytoreducefreshwaterconsumptionandwastewaterdischarge,introducingeconomicmeanstowaterpricingandwatermanagementsystem,andrestoringecologicalconditionstostrengthenthenaturalwater-makingcapacity.

简介：Asthesourceoflife,waterisindispensabletohumanbeings.Beingawareofthewaterstressimposedbypopulationgrowth,climatechange,rapidurbanization,pollution,manyscholarsanddecisionmakersarguethattheestablishmentofwaterrightsandtheirsystemistheprimarymeasuretotacklethewatercrisisproblem.However,noconsensushasbeenreachedregardingthedefinition,natureandcontentofwaterrightsbothpracticallyandacademically.Byexaminingtheexistingtheoriesregardingwaterrights,thisarticletriestoredefinetheentitlementsfromtheaspectofcivillaw.Meanwhile,itprovidesasystemwhichclassifiesvariousrightsbythefourfunctionsofusufruct.

简介：Naturalmonopoly,becauseofitsspontaneousornaturalcharacteristics,mosthavesomemysteriouscausesofreasonableness.Thus,theregulationstoitsefficiencylosswouldhaveadifferentwaycomparedtoothermonopolies.Thatthecharacteristicsofnaturalmonopoly,inthecaseofwaterindustry,arethattheinfrastructureinvestmentsareverylarge,mostofwhichareusedtobuildthetransportationsystem?Thewebsfortransportingtheirproductstotheircustomers,andtheproductsareidentitygoodsorservices.Byexaminingthecharacteristicsofnaturalmonopoly,thispaperproposedawaytobreakupandremodeltheindustryof""""""""naturalmonopoly'.Themainclueofremodelingisthatthegovemments,whorepresentthepublicandwhohavethepowertocontroloverpublicresources,shouldbuildandmaintainapublicwebplatformforthegoods'transportationuses,andbreakupthebarrieroftheentrysoastoproduceamarket-orientedcompetitivestructure,Therunningmodelandtheconditionofremodelingareputforwardandthecost-revenueanalysisoftheoperationisbrieflyunderconsideration.

简介：Waterfootprintinaregionisdefinedasthevolumeofwaterneededfortheproductionofgoodsandservicesconsumedbythelocalpeople.Ecosystemservicesareakindofimportantservices,soecologicalwateruseisonenecessarycomponentinwaterfootprint.Waterfootprintisdividedintogreenwaterfootprintandbluewaterfootprintbuttheformeroneisoftenignored.Inthispaperwaterfootprintincludesbluewaterneededbyag-riculturalirrigation,industrialanddomesticwaterdemand,andgreenwaterneededbycrops,economicforests,livestockproducts,forestlandsandgrasslands.ThestudycalculatesthefootprintoftheJingheRiverbasinin1990,1995,2000and2005withquartomethods.Resultsofresearchshowthatwaterfootprintsreached164.1×108m3,175.69×108m3and178.45×108m3respectivelyin1990,1995and2000includingthatofecologicalwateruse,butreached77.68×108m3,94.24×108m3,92.92×108m3and111.36×108m3respectivelyexcludingthatofecologicalwateruse.Greenwaterfootprintismuchmorethanbluewaterfootprint;thereby,greenwaterplaysanimportantroleineconomicdevelopmentandecologicalconstruction.Thedynamicchangeofwaterfootprintsshowsthatbluewateruseincreasesrapidlyandthattheecologicalwateruseisoccupiedbyeconomicanddomesticwateruse.Thechangealsoshowsthatwateruseistransferredfromprimaryindustrytosecondaryindustry.Inprimaryindustry,itistrans-ferredfromcropsfarmingtoforestryandanimalagriculture.Thefactorsimpellingthechangeincludedevelopmentanticipationoneconomy,governmentpolicies,readjustmentoftheindustrialstructure,populationgrowth,theraiseofurbanizationlevel,andstructuralchangeofconsumption,lowlevelofwater-savingandpoorabilityofwastewa-tertreatment.Withbluewateruseperunit,greenwateruseperunit,bluewaterusestructureandgreenwaterusestructure,weanalyzedthedifferenceofthesixecologicalfunctiondistrictsoftheJingheRiverbasin.Futuree

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简介：Climatechangeisaninevitabletrend,whichchallengessecurityofwaterresourcesinChina,especiallyincities.Assessingvulnerabilityofwaterresourcetoclimatechangeincitieshasimportantroleforpolicymakers.Thepaperconstructsavulnerabilityfunction,includingexposure,sensitivityandadaptivecapacity,accordingtothevulnerabilityconceptproposedbyIPCC,establishesanassessmentindicatorssystemofwaterresourcestoclimatechangeincities,andanalyzesvulnerabilityfeaturesofChinesecitesbasedon655cities'datain2006.Thevulnerabilityassessmentresultsshowthattherearedistinctivedifferencesamongallthecities,betweeneast,centralandwestcities,betweenordinary,bigandmegacities,whilethereisnostatisticalsignificantdifferencebetweennorthandsouthcities.Basedontheresearch,thepapersuggeststhatstrategicemphasisshouldfocusonthecentralcitiesandordinarycities

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简介：经济、社会科学研究的核心问题乃是探讨经济与社会变量之间的逻辑关联关系。比如，温度上升、水分增加是否会导致作物发芽，西红柿和水果的摄入量是否一定有助于身体健康，学习时间的延长是否一定能获得更好的学习效果，你对孩子投入更多的教育到底对他（她）是否更好，如此等等。然而，绝大多数情况下，这些变量之间关系均是非线性的。

简介：摘要：《企业会计准则第22号——金融工具》将原四大类金融资产重新分为了三大类金融资产，并且三类金融资产中的债务工具相互之间可以重分类，涉及业务复杂，会计处理难度大。通过本文对金融资产重分类和金融资产重分类核算的研究供财会人员参考。

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简介：Inthispaper,aimingattheproblemsofinsufficientsoilnutrientsandhighsaltcontentinWudicoredemonstrationareaofBohaiGranary,amonitoringandmanagementsystemofwater,fertilizerandsaltinsaline-alkalinefarmlandbasedonWebGISwasestablishedinordertomonitorandcontrolwater,fertilizerandsalt.BasedontheWindows.NETplatform,usingB/SmodeofoperationarchitectureandVisualStudio2010asthesoftwaredevelopmentenvironment,therelatedcomponentsinArcGISEnginewereinvokedbyArcGISAPIforSilverlirht,andtheWEBsystemwasdevelopedbyC#andXMALlanguage.Basedontheprincipleofwater,fertilizerandsaltbalance,amonitoringmodelandaregulationmodelforwater,saltandnutrientswereestablished.Intelligentanalysisandapplicationoffarmlandsoildatawererealized,andaprecisionagriculturesystemwithdataquery,earlywarningdiagnosis,monitoringandcontrolofwater,fertilizerandsaltwasformed.Andthe'waterandsalthomologue,watersupplyduetodemand,adequateandmultiple'irrigationschemeandthesaltandalkalireductionschemeof'synergisticconditioningofagentsandnutrients'andanutrientregulationplanfor'stabilizingnitrogen,increasingphosphorus,supplementingpotassiumatthediscretion'and'quick-actingcombiningslowrelease'wereputforward.Comparedwiththeperiodwithoutmonitoringandcontrolofwaterandsalt,theeffectofwatersavingandfertilizersavingwasimproved,andtheyieldofwheatandmaizewasalsosignificantlyincreased.Itprovidedguidanceforlocaluserstoincreasecropproductionandincome,andgreatlyimprovedtheutilizationofresourcesandgrainproduction.

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简介：汲取经典TRIZ以及现代TRIZ各分支理论的精华，构建了物质－属性－功能－因果（SAFC）分析模型，明确了统一TRIZ（U‐TRIZ）的解题流程，统一并准确定义了关键术语，并结合3个实例介绍了SAFC分析模型的应用与转换步骤。结果表明：SAFC分析模型便于工程师们准确找到技术系统中产生有害功能的物质或组件的属性，并借助于“效应知识库”对那些不需要的属性实施变、增、稳、减、测的有效操作，极大地提高了TRIZ的学习和使用效率。

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简介：纽约是一个干燥的城市。每天这一城市的三大水库系统对其800万居民提供大约40亿升水——人均用水量是欧洲每个居民的两倍。随着城市人口的快速增长，用水需求也在不断增加。

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