简介：Directexposuretointensivevisiblelightcanleadtosolarretinopathy,includingmacularinjury.Thesignsandsymptomsincludecentralscotoma,metamorphopsia,anddecreasedvision.However,therehavebeenfewstudiesexaminingretinalinjuryduetointensivelightstimulationatthecellularlevel.Neuralnetworkarrangementsandgeneexpressionpatternsinzebrafishphotoreceptorsaresimilartothoseobservedinhumans,andphotoreceptorinjuryinzebrafishcaninducestemcell-basedcellularregeneration.Therefore,thezebrafishretinaisconsideredausefulmodelforstudyingphotoreceptorinjuryinhumans.Inthecurrentstudy,thecentralretinalphotoreceptorsofzebrafishwereselectivelyablatedbystimulationwithhigh-intensitylight.Retinalinjury,cellproliferationandregenerationofconesandrodswereassessedat1,3and7dayspostlesionwithimmunohistochemistryandinsituhybridization.Additionally,alight/darkboxtestwasusedtoassesszebrafishbehavior.Theresultsrevealedthatphotoreceptorswereregeneratedby7daysafterthelight-inducedinjury.However,theregeneratedcellsshowedadisruptedarrangementatthelesionsite.Duringtheinjury-regenerationprocess,thezebrafishexhibitedreducedlocomotorcapacity,weakenedphototaxisandincreasedmovementangularvelocity.Thesebehaviorsmatchedthemorphologicalchangesofretinalinjuryandregenerationinanumberofways.Thisstudydemonstratesthatthezebrafishretinahasarobustcapacityforregeneration.Visualimpairmentandstressresponsesfollowinghigh-intensitylightstimulationappeartocontributetothealterationofbehaviors.

简介：BACKGROUND:Duetothelackofautografttransplantrejection,Schwanncells(SCs)canpromotetheproliferationofembryonicstemcellsandtheinductionofdopaminergicneurons.Mesencephalicstemcellscanbeinducedtoproducedopaminergicneurons.Thetherapeuticeffectsofco-graftsofSCsandneuralstemcells(NSCs)deservesfurtherstudyandverificationinParkinsoniananimalmodels.OBJECTIVE:ToinvestigatetheeffectsofSchwanncellsandmesencephalicNSCco-graftsinParkinsoniananimalmodelsonanimalbehaviorandhistology.DESIGN:Randomizedcontrolledexperiment.SETTING:FudanUniversity;InstituteofNeuroscience,ChineseAcademyofSciences.MATERIALS:ThefollowinganimalswereobtainedfromtheExperimentalAnimalCenter,ShanghaiInstituteforBiologicalScience,ChineseAcademyofSciences:5Sprague-Dawleyrats,embryonicday(E)13-16;16neonatalSprague-Dawleyrats,postnatalday1-3;and18adultSDratsofbothgenders.Animalexperimentationmetanimalethicalapproval.METHODS:TheexperimentwasperformedattheDepartmentofAnatomy,HistologyandEmbryology,ShanghaiMedicalCenter,FudanUniversityfromSeptember2005toJanuary2007.ThemesencephalicNSCswereobtainedfromthebrainsofSDratsatE13-16,andSCswereharvestedfromthesciaticnervesofneonatalratsatday1-3.Hemiparkinsonianrats(n=18)wereselectedfortransplantationafterestimatingrotationalbehaviorinresponsetoapomorphineandwererandomlyassignedtothreegroups:controlgroup,NSCgroup,andco-graftgroup.Therewere6ratsineachgroup.Eitherphosphatebufferedsaline(PBS),NSCs,orSCsplusNSCsweretransplantedintotherightneostriatumofParkinsonianrats,respectively.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:①Rotationalbehaviorwasinducedbyapomorphine(0.05mg/kg,i.p.)2,4,6,8,and10weeksaftertransplantation,andthenumberofrotationswerecounted.②Differentiationandsurvivalofdopaminergicneuronsintherightneostriatumwerequantifiedbytyrosinehydroxylaseimmu

简介：Outdoorairpollutionisaknownriskfactorformortalityandmorbidity.Thetypeofairpollutantmostreliablyassociatedwithdiseaseisparticulatematter(PM),especiallyfinerparticulatematterthatcanreachdeeperintothelungslikePM_(2.5)(particulatematterdiameter<2.5μm).SomesubpopulationsmaybeparticularlyvulnerabletoPMpollution.Thisreviewfocusesononesubgroup,long-termstrokesurvivors,andtheemergingevidencesuggestingthatsurvivorsofastrokemaybeatahigherriskfromthedeleteriouseffectsofPMpollution.Whilethemechanismsformortalityarestillunderdebate,long-termstrokesurvivorsmaybevulnerabletosimilarmechanismsthatunderliethewell-establishedassociationbetweenPMpollutionandcardiovasculardisease.Thefactthatlong-termstrokesurvivorsofischemic,butnothemorrhagic,strokesappeartobemorevulnerabletotheriskofdeathfromhigherPMpollutionmayalsobolstertheconnectiontoischemicheartdisease.SurvivorsofanischemicstrokemaybemorevulnerabletodyingfromhigherconcentrationsofPMpollutionthanthegeneralpopulation.TheclinicalimplicationsofthisassociationsuggestthatreducedexposuretoPMpollutionmayresultinfewerdeathsamongststrokesurvivors.

简介：OBJECTIVE:ToevaluatetheassociationofX-raycross-complementinggroup1(XRCC1)Arg399Gln,Arg194TrpandArg280Hispolymorphismswiththeriskofglioma.DATASOURCES:AsystematicliteraturesearchofpaperspublishedfromJanuary2000toAugust2012inPubMed,Embase,ChinaNationalKnowledgeInfrastructuredatabase,andWanfangdatabasewasperformed.Thekeywordsusedwere"glioma","polymorphism",and"XRCC1orX-rayrepaircross-complementinggroup1".Referencescitedintheretrievedarticleswerescreenedmanuallytoidentifyadditionaleligiblestudies.STUDYSELECTION:Studieswereidentifiedaccordingtothefollowinginclusioncriteria:case-controldesignwasbasedonunrelatedindividuals;andgenotypefrequencywasavailabletoestimateanoddsratio(OR)and95%confidenceinterval(CI).Meta-analysiswasperformedfortheselectedstudiesafterstrictscreening.Dominantandrecessivegeneticmodelswereusedandtherelationshipbetweenhomozygousmutantgenotypefrequenciesandmutantgenefrequencyandgliomaincidencewasinvestigated.WechosethefixedorrandomeffectmodelaccordingtotheheterogeneitytocalculateORand95%CI,andsensitivityanalyseswereconducted.PublicationbiaswasexaminedusingtheinvertedfunnelplotandtheEgger’stestusingStata12.0software.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:AssociationofXRCC1Arg399Gln,Arg194Trp,andArg280Hispolymorphismswiththeriskofglioma,andsubgroupanalyseswereperformedaccordingtodifferentethnicitiesofthesubjects.RESULTS:Twelvearticleswereincludedinthemeta-analysis.ElevenofthearticleswereconcernedwiththeArg399Glnpolymorphismandgliomaonsetrisk.Significantlyincreasedgliomariskswerefoundonlyinthedominantmodel(Gln/Gln+Gln/ArgversusArg/Arg:OR=1.26,95%CI=1.03-1.54,P=0.02).Inthesubgroupanalysisbyethnicity,significantlyincreasedriskwasfoundinAsiansubjectsintherecessive(OR=1.46,95%CI=1.04-2.45,P=0.03)anddominantmodels(OR=1.40,95%CI=1.10-1.78,P=0.007),andhomozygotecontrast(OR=1.69,95%CI=1.17-2.45,P=0.005),bu

简介：Thegenesfor5-lipoxygenaseactivatingprotein(ALOX5AP)andphosphodiesterase4D(PDE4D)havebeendemonstratedassusceptibilitygenesforlacunarintheIcelandicandPakistanipopulations,butlittleisknownabouttheroleofthesegenesinChinesepopulations.Thepresentstudyutilizedpolymerasechainreactionandligasedetectionreactiontodetectsinglenucleotidepolymorphisms(SNPs)in280consecutivestrokepatientsand258unrelatedpopulation-basedcontrolsfromNanjing,JiangsuProvince,China.Theallelefrequency,genotypes,andhaplotypesofthetwoSNPs(rs456009andrs966221)inPDE4Dweresimilarbetweenthetwogroups.However,Aallelefrequencyofrs4073259(A/G)andrs4769055(A/C)intheALOX5APgeneexhibiteddifferencesintwogroups,andespeciallythehaplotypeoftheSNPwassignificantlydifferentbetweenthetwogroups.ResultssuggestedthattheALOX5APgenemightbeinvolvedinlacunarinfarct,whilePDE4DgenewasnotariskfactorforlacunarinfarctinindividualsfromJiangsuProvince,China.

简介：BACKGROUND:Intracerebralhemorrhage(ICH)andcoronaryheartdisease(CHD)havethesamepathologicalbase,atherosclerosis,andthesimilarriskfactors,suchassmoking,drinking,hypertension,hyperlipemia,diabetesmellitus,etc;butthedistributionsoftwodiseasesareverydifferentinthepopulations.Thismayberelatedtotheexposureofriskfactorsanddifferenteffectsofriskfactorsontwodiseases.OBJECTIVE:ToanalyzethedistributiondifferenceofriskfactorsforICHandCHDinthepopulationsofTongliaocityofNeiMonggolAutonomousRegion.DESIGN:Retrospectiveanalysis.SETTING:SchoolofRadiationMedicineandPublicHealth,SoochowUniversity;TongliaoHospital,NeiMonggolAutonomousRegion.PARTICIPANTS:Randomsamplingwasusedtoselect6hospitalsfrom10hospitalsaffiliatedtoTongliaoCityofNeiMonggolAutonomousRegion.Totally1672medicalrecordsofpatientswithICHand2195medicalrecordsofpatientswithCHDadmittedtoDepartmentofNeurologyandDepartmentofCardiovascularInternalMedicineofabove-mentioned6hospitalsbetweenJanuary2003andDecember2005werecollectedaccordingtotheinvestigationneed.METHODS:Thesubjects,whosemedicalrecordswereinvolved,wereperformedretrospectiveanalysiswithpre-preparedquestionnaire'StrokeandCoronaryHeartDiseaseEpidemiologicQuestionnaire'.Themaincontentsincluded:①Socialdemographycondition:Thedistributionsofgender,age,nationality,etc.②Previoushistoryofdisease:hypertension,diabetesmellitus,etc.③Relatedriskfactors:systolicbloodpressure,diastolicbloodpressure,totalcholesterol,triglyceride,high-densitylipoproteincholesterol,low-densitylipoproteincholesterol,smoking,drinkingandglucose(GLU).ThedatabaseofEpidatawastransformedtoSPSSdatabase.Single-andmultiple-factornon-conditionalLogisticregressionanalysiswereperformedonthedata,andORvalueand95%CIwerecalculated.Thedistributiondifferencesofriskfactorsfortwodiseaseswerecompared