简介：<正>OtitisMediaisacommondiseaseinthepracticeofotolaryngologyandoneofthefamous"threeinflammationsandonedeafness".Otitismediahasbeenwithhumansfromtheverybeginning.Treatmentforotitismediastartedinthewestin1774andmuchlaterinChina.

简介：ObjectiveTostudytheroleofdiureticagentsintreatingsuddendeafness(SD)andexplorethepossibilityofendolymphatichydropsasapotentialcauseofSD.MethodsTwenty-eightSDcaseswerereviewed.In23cases,treatmentwasinitiatedwithroutineagents.Diureticagentswerelateraddedin8ofthesecasesthatfailedtorespondtoroutinetreatmentagents.Diureticagentswereincludedintheinitialtreatmentintherest5cases.Intotal,13casesreceiveddiureticsinadditiontoroutinetreatmentagentsand15casesreceivedconventionaltreatmentonly.ResultsInthe8caseswhoreceiveddiureticsafterfailedconventionaltreatments,4showedhearingimprovement,whereasall5casesinwhichdiureticswereincludedintheinitialtreatmentdemonstratedhearingimprovement.ConclusionTheseresultssuggestapossibleroleofendolymphatichydropsinthepathophysiologiccourseofSD.Diureticsshouldbeconsideredwhenclearindicationsexistwithnoconflictstoothermedicalconditions.

简介：<正>Thefacialnervepassesthroughthetemporalboneandisthelongestnervethattravelsinabonycanalwithacomplexcourseandhighsusceptibilitytoinjury.Whenfacialnervebecomesswollenfrominsultssuchastrauma,inflammation,tumororiatrogenicinjury,itsdistal

简介：<正>AcousticNeuroma(AN)arisesfromtheeighthcranialnerve.Itprimarilyinvolvesthevestibularbranchofthenerveandisthereforealsocalledvestibularschwannoma(VS).Tothedate,diagnosisandsurgicaltreatmentofANhaveadvancedsignificantly.Alongwithadvancesinaudiologyandimagingtechnologies,casesofdiagnosedANhavebeenincreasing,makingitacommon

简介：<正>IntroductionDeafnessisoneofthemostcommonotologicdiseasesandamajordiseasethatgreatlyimpactstheChinesepopulation.FromtheSecondNationalSampleSurveyofDisabledPersons,itisestimatedthatthereare27,800,000hearingdisabledpersonsinChina,about2.14%of

简介：Intractabletinnituscanleadtoseriousconsequences.Studyevidenceindicatesthatthecentralnervoussystemisinvolvedingenerationandmaintenanceofchronictinnitusandthattinnitusandotherneurologicsymptomssuchaschronicpainmaysharesimilarmechanisms.Brainablationandstimulationareusedtotreatchronicpainwithsuccess.Recentstudiesshowedthatablationandstimulationinnon-auditoryareasresultedintinnitusimprovement.Deepbrainstimulation(DBS)maybeanalternativetreatmentforintractabletinnitusanddeservesfurtherstudy.

简介：Objectives:Toevaluateoutcomesintreatingcarcinomaofexternalauditorycanal(EAC)andtoanalysisfactorswhicheffecttheprognosisofthisdisease.Methods:Aretrospectivelyreviewof16patientstreatedforcarcinomaofEACatourdepartmentbetweenApril2000andApril2014wasconducted.Allpatientsunderwentsurgicaltreatmentandthediagnosisconfirmedbypathologicalexamination.Results:Therewereadenoidcysticcarcinoma(ACC)in8patients,squamouscellcarcinoma(SCC)in5patients,adenocarcinoma(AC)in2patients,andverrucouscarcinoma(VC)in1patient.ThetumorswereclassifiedasStageIin4cases,StageIIin2cases,StageIIIin3cases,andStageⅣin7cases.Fivepatientsunderwentextensivetumorresection(ETR),2patientsunderwentlateraltemporalboneresection(LTBR),5patientsunderwentmodifiedLTBR,2patientsunderwentsubtotaltemporalboneresection(STBR),and2patientsunderwentonlyopenbiopsy.Besides,adjunctiveprocedures,includingneckdissection,parotidectomyandpinnaresectionwereperformedwhenindicated.Tenpatientsreceivedpostoperativeradiotherapy.Bytheendoffollowup,twopatientshaddiedoftheirdisease,2losttofollowup,2survivedwiththedisease,andtherestsurviveddisease-free.Themedianfollow-upperiodwas24months.Conclusion:CompletetumorresectionappearstobeaneffectivetreatmentforcarcinomaoftheEAC.PatientswithSCCseemtohaveworseprognosisthanthosewithACC.Radiationtherapyseemslesseffectiveforihediseasethansurgicaltreatment.

简介：ObjectiveToretrospectivelystudyclinicalfeaturesanddiagnosticimagingofvasculogeneicpulsatiletin-nitus,andthefeasibilityandefficacyoftransvascularinterventionaltreatmentforthiscondition.MethodsDatafrom82casesofarterialorvenouspulsatiletinnituswerereviewed.DSAcharacteristicsandpossiblepathophysiologicalmechanismsofpulsatiletinnitusinthesecaseswerestudied.Diagnosesinthisgroupin-cludedintracranialarterovenousfistula(AVF)(n=3),spontaneousskullbaseduralAVF(n=16),traumaticca-rotid-cavernoussinusfistula(n=5),subclavianarterystenosis(n=2),internalcarotidarterystenosis(n=3),in-tracranialarterialstenosis(n=1),kinkedand/orelongatedvertebrobasilarartery(n=2),venoussinusdivertic-ulum(n=2),venoussinusstenosisonthedominantdrainageside(n=46)andoccipitalsinusstenosis(n=2).Treatmentsincludedembolizationandstentingusingcoils,NBCAglue,Baltballoons,self-expansionstentsandintracranialmicro-stentsviaeitherthefemoralarteryorfemoralvein.ResultsProceduresweresuc-cessfulinallcaseswithnosurgery-relatedcomplications.Tinnitusdisappearedwithin2daysafterthepro-cedureinallcases.Followupdurationwas5-36months.Recurrenceoccurredin4casesofarterialtinnituswithin3monthsfollowingtheinitialprocedure,whichimprovedafterrevisionembolizationorsymptommanagement.Therewasnorecurrenceinvenoustinnituscasesfollowingstentplasticorstent-coilingembo-lizationtreatments.ConclusionsEndovascularinterventionprovidesanewapproachtothediagnosisandtreatmentofintractablepulsatiletinnitus.Itisalsoeffectiveindifferentiatingandstudyingothertypesoftinnitus.

简介：<正>OtosclerosiswasfirstdiscoveredbyValsalvain1704[1],andthetermwasfirstusedbyAntonvonTroltschin1872todifferentiatefromtympanosclerosis[2].Normallytheoticcystinhumanremainsstationaryafterfulldevelopmentandcontainsnovisibleactivatedosteoblastsor

简介：Benignparoxysmalpositionalvertigo(BPPV)isthemostfrequentepisodicvestibulardisorder.Itisduetootolithreststhatarefreeintothecanalsorattachedtothecupulas.Wellover90%ofpatientscanbesuccessfullytreatedwithmanoeuvresthatmovetheparticlesbacktotheutriculus.Amongthegreatvarietyofproceduresthathavebeendescribed,themanoeuvresthataresupportedbyevidenced-basedstudiesorextensiveseriesarecommentedinthisreview.SometopicsregardingBPPVtreatment,suchascontrollingtheaccuracyoftheproceduresortheutilityofpost-manoeuvrerestrictionsarealsodiscussed.

简介：Bell’spalsyisacommonlyseencranialnervediseaseandcanresultincompromisedfacialappearanceandfunctions.Itsetiology,prognosisandtreatmentarestillbeingdebated.Thispaperisareviewofrecentdevelopmentintheunderstandingofetiology,diagnosisandnon-surgicaltreatmentofBell’spalsy.

简介：

简介：Objective:Toreportasurgicalmethodforthetreatmentofpre-auricularfistulatolowerpost-operativerecurrencerate.Methods:Clinicaldataof187patientswithpre-auricularfistulawhounderwentenblocresectionattheAffiliatedHospitalofLuzhouMedicalCollegefromAugust2006toNovember2012wereretrospectivelyreviewed.FactorsthatmightaffecttheprognosisfollowingEnblocfistularesectionborderedbythesuperficialtemporalisfascia,helixperichondriumandauriculocephalicsulcuswereinvestigated.Results:Ofthe187patients,181achievedprimaryhealingand6endedupwithdelayedhealing.Duringthefollow-upperiod(onetosevenyears),therewere4casesofrecurrence(2.1%).Conclusions:Cleardemarcationofsurgicalresectioncanfacilitateeasyandthoroughresectionofpreauricularfistulaandleadtolowrecurrencerate.Propertimingandcarefulsearchforpotentialfistulabranchesarethetwocrucialfactorsaffectingprognosis.

简介：Age-relatedhearingloss(AHL),orpresbycusis,isthemostcommonneurodegenerativedisorderandtopcommunicationdeficitoftheagedpopulation.GeneticpredispositionisoneofthemajorfactorsinthedevelopmentofAHL.Generally,AHLisassociatedwithanage-dependentlossofsensoryhaircells,spiralganglionneuronsandstriavasculariscellsintheinnerear.Althoughthemechanismsleadingtogenetichearinglossarenotcompletelyunderstood,caspase-familyproteasesfunctionasimportantsignalsintheinnerearpathology.ItisnowacceptedthatmousemodelsarethebesttoolstostudythemechanismofgenetichearinglossorAHL.Here,weprovideabriefreviewofrecentstudiesonhearingimprovementinmousemodelsofAHLbyanti-apoptotictreatment.

简介：ObjectiveTocomparedifferenttreatmentprotocolsforsuddendeafness(SD),forthepurposeofidentifyinganappropriateapproachtoSD.MethodsAtotalof104patientswithdiagnosisofsuddenhearinglosstreatedfromJan2006toDecember2008wereincludedinthisstudy,ofwhich31receivedthetypicalpharmaceuticaltreatment(groupⅠ),40receivedthetypicalpharmaceuticaltreatmentpluspolarizedliquid(GroupⅡ)and33receivedthehyperbaricoxygeninadditiontothetreatmentincludedinGroupⅡ(GroupⅢ).ResultsThetotalimprovementrate(67.74%,62.50%and75.76%forGroupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢrespectively)wasnotstatisticallydifferentbetweenthethreegroups(P>0.05).ConclusionThethreetreatmentprotocolsaresimilarwhenjudgedbythetreatmentoutcomesinSD,neitherbeingsuperiortotheothers.Thetwoimportantfactorsthatappeartoinfluencetreatmentoutcomesaretheaudiogrampatternanddurationofhearinglossbeforeseekingtreatment.Patientswithupslopingorpeak-typeaudiogramsandtreatedwithin7daysfromtheonsethavebetterprognosisthanothers.

简介：miRNA-183family,innormalbiology,isexpressedinaharmoniousandstablemannerintheneurosensoryorgansandcells.StudieshavealsoshownthatmiRNA-183family,indifferentpathways,affectstheneurosensorydevelopment,maintenance,survivalandfunction.Inaddition,ithaspotentialneuroprotectiveeffectsinresponsetoneurosensorydestructivestimulations.miRNA-96mutationcauseshereditarydeafnessinhumansandmice,andthereforeaffectstheinnerearactivityanditsmaintenance.CertainroleshavebeenidentifiedformiR-96inthemaintenanceandfunctionoftheinnerear.Thecomparisonofthetargetgenesoffamily-183intranscriptomesofnewbornandadulthaircellsshowsthathundredsoftargetgenesinthisfamilymayaffectdevelopmentandmaintenanceoftheears.IdentifyingthegenesthatareregulatedbymiRNA-183familyprovidesresearcherswithimportantinformationaboutthecomplexdevelopmentandenvironmentalregulationoftheinnerear,andcanoffernewapproachestothemaintenanceandregenerationofhaircellsandauditorynerve.