简介:·Thetherapeuticeffectofselenium(Se)hasalreadybeenproveninthyroiddiseaseandthyroidassociatedophthalmopathy(TAO).InspiteofclearscientificproofofitsbenefitsinTAO,thereappearstobenoclearagreementamongthecliniciansregardingitsoptimumdose,durationofthetreatment,efficacyandsafetytodate.Inthisreview,theauthorsummarisesthefindingsof135Englishlanguagearticlespublishedonthissubjectoverthepastfourdecadesfrom1973to2013.TheregulationandmetabolismofthyroidhormonesrequireasteadysupplyofSeandrecentstudieshaverevealedseveralpossiblemechanismsbywhichSeimprovestheseverityofthyroiddiseaseandTAO.Thesemechanismsinclude1)inhibitoryeffectofHLA-DRmoleculeexpressiononthyrocytes;2)profoundreductionsofthyroidstimulatinghormone(TSH)receptorantibodies(TSHR-Ab)andTPOantibodies(TPO-Ab);3)preventionofdysregulationofcell-mediatedimmunityandBcellfunction;4)neutralisingreactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)andinhibitionofredoxcontrolprocessesrequiredfortheactivation,differentiationandactionoflymphocytes,macrophages,neutrophils,naturalkillercellsinvolvedinbothacuteandchronicorbitalinflammationinTAO;5)inhibitionofexpressionofproinflammatorycytokinesand6)inhibitionofprostaglandinandleukotrienesynthesis.AnincreasedoxidativestresshasbeenobservedinbothacuteandchronicphasesofthyroiddiseasewithraisedtissueconcentrationsofROS.ThebenefitsofSesupplementationinindividualswithTAOappeartobeproportionatetothedegreeofsystemicactivityofthethyroiddisease.ThemaximalbenefitofSesupplementationisthereforeseeninthesubjectswhoarehyperthyroid.RestorationofeuthyroidismisoneofthemaingoalsinthemanagementofTAOandwhenanti-thyroiddrugsarecombinedwithSe,thepatientswithGraves’disease(GD)andautoimmunethyroiditis(AIT)achievedeuthyroidismfasterthanthosetreatedwithanti-thyroiddrugsalone.SestatusofnormaladulthumanscanvarywidelyandSe
简介:AIM:Todeterminewhethersinglenucleotidepolymorphism(SNP)rs641153isassociatedwiththeriskofage-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD),weperformedasystematicmeta-analysisof15eligiblestudies.SNPinthecomplementfactorB(CFB)geneisconsideredtohavesignificantassociationwithAMDsusceptibility,butthereisgreatdiscrepancyintheseresults.METHODS:TheeligiblestudieswereidentifiedbysearchingthedatabasesofPubMed,EMBASE,andWebofScience.Oddsratios(ORs)with95%confidenceintervals(CIs)wereusedtoassesstheassociation.AlldatawereanalyzedusingStatasoftware.RESULTS:Theassociationbetweenrs641153andAMDriskwasstatisticallysignificantunderthehomozygousmodel(AAvsGG:OR=0.26,95%CI=0.15-0.45,P_h=0.973,/~2=0.0%,fixedeffects),dominantmodel(AA+GAvsGG:OR=0.49,95%CI=0.40-0.59,P_h=0.004,/~2=56.4%,randomeffects)andrecessivemodel(AAvsGA+GG:OR=0.30,95%CI=0.17-0.51,R_n=0.983,I~2=0.0%,fixedeffects).Thesameresultswerealsoobservedinthestratifiedanalysesbyethnicity,sourceofcontrolandsamplesize.CONCLUSION:Ourmeta-analysissuggeststhatrs641153intheCFBgenemayplayaprotectiveroleinAMDsusceptibility,thelateAMDinparticular,bothinCaucasiansandinAsians.
简介:目的:探讨糖皮质激素的使用是否是中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(centralserouschoriorelinopathy,CSCR)发病的危险因子。方法:前瞻性病例对照研究。对连续的100例急性CSCR患者就糖皮质激素的使用状况进行问卷调查。从同期就诊的非CSCR的门诊患者中根据年龄和性别选择病例与之匹配,以建立对照组,并进行相同的问卷回答。结果:在100例CSCR患者中,10例(10%)有激素使用史,男4例,女6例。而100例对照患者中仅有3例(3%)有激素使用史,男2例,女1例。两组之间有显著性差异。结论:通过前瞻性的病例对照研究,我们发现使用糖皮质激素是CSCR发病的危险因子。
简介:泪道阻塞是眼科的常见病,有先天性和后天性两大类,易发展为急,慢性泪囊炎,以手术治疗为主,目的是重建或恢复泪液的引流通路,传统手术方面报道较多的是泪囊鼻腔吻合术(EXT-DCR)虽然成功率可达85%,但在颜面部残留永久性疤痕,影响美容,非手术方法主要有:探通,置线,置管等,但只是简单的解决问题,而且易致周围组织刺激,更容易形成粘连和疤痕使管腔再度阻塞。目前,虽然报道使用激光泪道成形术收到较好的效果,泪道能够冲洗通畅,但部分仍有溢泪症状。近年来,随着内窥镜技术不断成熟,既微创又美观的手术要求越来越高,因此,诸如鼻内窥镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术(IECR)得以开展和创新。另外高分子材料及其它医疗器械的不断更新和完善,其治疗手段有了长足的进步。
简介:目的:探讨继发性角膜溃疡的临床治疗方案。方法:回顾性分析我院2006-12/2008-12临床诊断为"继发性角膜溃疡"的患者8例8眼,其中4例选择结膜瓣遮盖术,3例行部分板层角膜移植术(lamellarkeratoplasty,LKP),1例因角膜穿孔行穿透性角膜移植术(penetratingkeratoplasty,PKP)。术后随访4-10(平均6)mo,观察视力、溃疡愈合及复发情况、角膜植片和植床情况。结果:行结膜瓣遮盖术者溃疡均治愈;行部分LKP术者植片透明,植床残留薄层瘢痕,行PKP术者植片透明,两者视力均有所提高。所有病例溃疡未见复发。结论:对于继发性角膜溃疡,应该根据不同病例的特点采取个体化的手术方式治疗,从而获得比较满意的临床疗效。
简介:目的:探讨角膜地形图引导的个性化切削术(topographyguidedcustomizedablation,TOGCA)治疗高度散光的临床疗效。方法:选择2006-05/09在我院屈光中心接受TOGCA的散光≥-2.00D的复性近视散光患者53例87眼。术前、术后行角膜地形图检查,分析手术前后角膜散光度及散光轴的变化。结果:术后裸眼视力优于术前最佳矫正视力,差异有显著的统计学意义(P〈0.05),无1例最佳矫正视力下降。术前眼总体散光-2.44±0.47D,角膜散光-2.56±0.58D,均为顺规散光。术后眼残留散光-0.17±0.34D,除1例(2眼)发展了-1.00D的散光,其余患眼均在±0.50D以内,角膜散光-0.10--2.60D,平均-0.98±0.46D,部分角膜散光欠矫与非角膜散光因素正相关。散光轴位变化较术前改变约14.13±19.18度。结论:TOGCA治疗高度散光具有良好的可预测性、安全性和有效性。术后散光较术前明显减小,手术前后角膜散光轴均保持了良好的一致性。