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简介：Firegrowthmodelcanpredictfirebehavior,whichcanguidefirefightingactivitiesandassessesfiremanagementpolicies.Thispaperanalyzedthemainfactorsaffectingfiresimulation,andsummariedthecurrentgrowthmodelsincludingempirical,semi-empiricalandphysicalmodels.Thewidelyusedfiregrowthsimulationsoftwareswereoutlinedinthepaper,whichincludePrometheus,BehavePlus,Farsite,etc.Finally,thepaperdiscussedthelimitationsoffiregrowthmodelsandtheirfuturedevelopment.

简介：Chinaisnotrichinnaturalforestsources.Owingtonaturalandhistoricalfactors,forestfireshavelongbeenfrequentingChina.Forestfirepreventionisthemostimportantofall.Forestfirepreventionandcontrollinghavelongbeenheldasaveryimportantfactorinourecologicalplans.Takingchina'sspecialgeographicallocation,topography,climateandthedistributionofforestsourcesintoconsideration,wehaveeveryreasontobelievethatforestfiresinChinahavetheirownspecialenv...

简介：Forestfiresoccurrenceisinfluencedbymanyfactors,suchasinter-annualweathervariationsandregionalfueldistributions.Firesoccurrenceindifferentforestregionhasdistinctspatialandtemporalcharacteristics.ThepaperstudiedthenaturalforestfireenvironmentinNortheasternChina,aswellasforestfiresoccurrence,burnedareaandfireseasonsinNortheasternForestRegion.Theresultshowsthatmorethan50%ofannualburnedareaoccurredinNortheastChinaForestRegion.Mainfireseasonsintheregionarespringandautumn.Firesoccurrenceinspringislargerthanthatinautumn.Therearefewfiresinsummer.Theauthors'suggestionsforfiremanagementdepartmentaretoemphasizethefuelmanagement,improvetheroadsconditions,andenhancethefirescontrolability.

简介：Inrecentyears,manyseriousforestfiresoccurredinpreciousPinuspumilaforestsinDaxing'anlingMountainsofHeilongjiangProvinceandInnerMongolia.Butuptonow,thereisstillalackofproperunderstandingoffireoccurrenceenvironmentsinP.pumilaforests.Inpresentpaper,weinvestigatedandstudiedthefireoccurrenceenvironments.TheresultsshowedthatfiresinP.pumilaforestshadtheirownspecialfireenvironments.Abundantfuel,droughtweather,drythunderandhighaltitudeterrai...

简介：Threeessentialfactorsofforestfire(firesource,environment,andlitter)weretakenasthepointofview,andhasapproachedtheforecastmethodofforestfireintropicalareaofsouthwestChinainamacroscopicscale.Thisstudysupportedbymathematicalmethodwasfromanewangle.Forexample,intheaspectofforestfireforecast,ithasbeenthoughtoverthatmostforestfireisartificialfire,whichhaslotsofrandomness.SoitcouldbestudiedinakindofMarkovrandomprocesses.Inthe...

简介：Inrecentyears,especiallyinthesummerof2002,themostseriousforestfiresoccurredintheDaxinganMountainofHeilongjiangprovinceandInnerMongolia.TherehasbeenlongtimeseriousforestfireenvironmentinsummerinDaxinganMountain.Thegrassintheforestisscorchedforlongtimedroughtandthemoisturecontentoflitterandturflayerdecreaserapidly.Theaccumulationanddrynessoffuelbuildthesummerforestfireenvironment,whicharemajorcausedbyMeteorologicalenvironment....

简介：Thispaperfocusesonhowtobuildthemodelofprecisionfirehazarddivisionsinthelevelofforestresourcessub-compartment.Basedon3DGIStechnologyandcharacteristicsofforestfiresincollectiveforestofsouthernChina,thisstudyutilizedLin’anCity,ZhejiangProvinceastheexperimentalarea.Forestfirefactorsweredividedinto11indexesfromthethreecategories(socialandeconomicfactors,forestrycharacteristics,andmeteorologicalcharacteristics)andweightedforanalysis.Next,threeeigenvectors(oneforeachcategory)werecreatedtobuildanonlinearmathematicalmodelcalledprecisionfirehazarddivisionsforforests.Then,themodelwasusedtooptimizeandtestforestfirehazarddivisionswiththeleastsquares.Resultsshowedthatexperimentalandtheoreticalvaluesoferrorwerelessthan0.1.Thus,intheexperimentalareathismodelandthefireoccurrencehistorymatched.

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简介：Groundfireisanignitingphenomenonthatisdifficulttocontrolandlightningisthemaincauseofgroundfire.Themechanismoflightning-groundfireisverycomplex.Daxing'anlingMountainsforestregionistheplacethatlighting-groundfireoccursmoreoftenandregularly.Ourstudyonlightning-groundfireofthiszonein2002shows:muchmoresoilnearthesurfaceandthegroundfuelisthematterpreconditionsoflightning-groundfire,andtheweatherconditionshastentheoccurrenceoflightning...

简介：Firedisasteristheprimaryoneofthefactsofdeforestation.Althoughinrecentyearsthelevelofforestmanagementandtechniqueforfiresuppressionhavebeenimprovingandfirefightingforcehasbeenstrengthened,theareaoffirehasnotbeendecreasedobviously.Usingbiologicalfireresistanttechniquecaneffectivelypreventthecampaignfire.Inthispaper,fireresistantabilityandcomponentabout12treespecies,inmountainareaofDaguishan,GuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion,havebeen...

简介：InChina,PinuspumilaismainlydistributedinDaxing’anling,whilethosegrowingintheeasternDaxing’anlingareprimarilycoveredunderthejurisdictionofHuzhongForestBureau.P.pumilaisanevergreenshrub,3-6mhigh,andalwaysgrowsvigorously.Itstrunkscreepalongtheground,usually10mlongormore.Itiseasilyflammablebecauseofthelargeamountsofresinsandvolatileoilsinitsbody.Attackingforestfiresisadangerouswork,especiallyinP.pumilascrubs.ThefiresinP.pumilas...

简介：Afterfreezingsnowdisaster,standsofPinusmassoniana,Cunninghamialanceolata.Liquidambarformosana,CinnamomumcamphoraandPhyllostachyspubescensandnewburnedareasinHunanProvinceweresurveyedbysettingfieldplots.Moisturecontentandfuelloadweremeasuredbysamplingandfirebehavior(suchasrateoffirespread)wascalculated.Theresultsshowedthatfuelloadgotdoubledinstantly,fuelthicknessenhanced,fuelcontinuityswelledandwatercontentoffueldecreasedasshrubsandherbsdie...

简介：火的相互作用骑车，植物硬币的繁殖特征能决定一处风景的植被分发模式。在加拿大的北方的区域，火在小冰川期前骑车(c。1850年代)以后从30-130年和25-234年直到解决时期(c。1930年代)什么时候更长发射周期，响应气候变迁和人的干扰发生了。分析显示火周期与生长期(4月10月)被相关从1961-1990正常的温度和降水离开，由区域变化。假设野火将在过去的世纪，用气候变迁情形CGCM1的一个评价，CGCM2和HadCM2期间对类似于方式的温暖的未来作出回应显示周期将在西方泰加森林盾转移到80-140年的一个范围的火，为北方的盾和东方泰加森林防护的东方的超过700年，和为在2050的北方的平原的300-400年。

简介：APoissonregressionmodelandanegativebinomialregressionmodel(NBmodel)areoftenusedinareassuchasmedicineandeconomy,butrarelyinthedomesticforestrysector,especiallyintheforestfireforecasting.BasedonthedataofforestfireoccurrencesinDaxing’anlingregionin1980-2005,thispaperprofoundlyanalyzestheapplicationconditionsandtestmethodsofthetwomodels.TheAICmethodwasusedtocheckthefittinglevelofthemodelsandthecapabilityofthemodelsforforecastingforestfireswasdiscussed.ThisstudyprovidednecessarytheoreticalbasisanddatasupportfortheapplicationofthetwomodelsinthefieldofforestryinChina.

简介：Microbialcommunityfunctionaldiversityisasensitiveindicatorofsoil.Forestfirescanchangemicrobialcommunityfunctionaldiversity.Inthisresearch,thefiredsoilsampleswerecollectedfromHuzhongofDaxing’anlinginHeilongjiangProvince.ThefunctionaldiversityofsoilmicrobialcommunitywasdetectedbyBIOLOGsystem.Theaveragewellcolordevelopment(AWCD)inBIOLOGplatesindicatedtheabilityofcarbonsubstrateutilizationofmicrobialcommunity.TheindicesofShannon,SimpsonandMcintoshwerecalculatedtoshowtherichness,dominanceandevennessofthefunctionaldiversity,andtheprincipalcomponentanalysisofsubstratereactionsreflectedthemaincarbonsourcesutilizedbymicrobialcommunity.TheresultsshowedthatallthesamplesexhibitedthereductionofAWCDduringthefirst144hoursofincubation,buttherewereobviousdifferencesinthereductiondegreeamongthesamples.Allkindsoffireintensitiescouldinfluencemicrobialcommunityfunctionaldiversity.Thelowfireintensityincreasedtherichness(Shannon),dominance(Simpson)andevenness(Mcintosh)ofmicrobialcommunity.However,theintermediateandhighfireintensityreducedtheseparameters,suggestingthattheburnedsoilemittedgaseousnitrogen,anumberoforganiccarbonandavailablephosphorus,whichcausedthereductionofthemicroorganisminquantityandtype,andchangeinsoilingredients.Theorganicmaterialreducedintheburnedsoil,inthesametime,thepHvaluesrose,whichchangedenvironmentinwhichmicroorganismlives.Thechangedenvironmentmightnotbeconducivetoactivitiesofthemicroorganism.Theprincipalcomponentanalysisshowedthatthemaincarbonsourcesforsoilmicrobeswerecarbohydratesandaminoacidsandthecarbonsubstrateutilizationpatternsindifferentsamplesweresignificantdifferent.Theresultsindicatedthatfunctionaldiversityofsoilmicrobeswerealteredbyforestfires,andtheabilityofmicrobestoutilizecarbonsourceandthetypeofcarbonsourceswereaffectedbydif

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简介：Prescribedfireisacommoneconomicalandeffectiveforestrypractice,andthereforeitisimportanttounderstandtheeffectsoffireonsoilpropertiesforbettersoilmanagement.Weinvestigatedtheimpactsoflow-intensityprescribedfireonthemicrobialandchemicalpropertiesofthetopsoilinaHungarianoak(QuercusfrainettoTen.)forest.Theresearchfocusedonmicrobialsoilparameters(microbialsoilrespiration(RSM),soilmicrobialbiomasscarbon(Cmic)andmetabolicquotient(qCO2)andchemicaltopsoilproperties(soilacidity(pH),electricalconductivity(EC),carbon(C),nitrogen(N),C/Nratioandexchangeablecations).Meanannualcomparisonsshowsignificantdifferencesinfourparameters(C/Nratio,soilpH,CmicandqCO2)whilemonthlycomparisonsdonotrevealanysignificantdifferences.SoilpHincreasedslightlyintheburnedplotsandhadasignificantlypositivecorrelationwithexchangeablecationsMg,Ca,MnandK.ThemeanannualC/Nratiowassignificantlyhigherintheburnedplots(28.5:1)thaninthecontrolplots(27.0:1).ThemeanannualCmic(0.6mgg-1)wassignificantlyloweralthoughqCO2(2.5lgCO2–CmgCmich-1)wassignificantlyhigher,likelyresultingfromthemicrobialresponsetofire-inducedenvironmentalstress.Low-intensityprescribedfirecausedveryshort-livedchanges.TheannualmeanvaluesofC/Nratio,pH,CmicandqCO2showedsignificantdifferences.

简介：Background:Theeffectofforestfireonsoiliscomplexandrelativelylessunderstoodthanitsabovegroundeffect.Understandingtheeffectoffireonforestsoilscanallowimprovingmanagementofvaluableforestecosystemsasadequateandproperinformationisveryimportantforefficientmanagement.Wehavestudiedtherecoveryofsoilpropertiesafterfire,usingachronosequenceapproach(two,fiveandfifteenyearsafterfireandcontrol).Soilsampleswerecollectedfromeachplotoffourfirepatches(B0,B2,B5&B15)fromthreedifferentdepthsviz.0–10(Top),10–20(Middle),and20–30cm(Bottom).Results:Soilorganiccarbonwaslowerthanunburnedplotsafterthefireandcouldnotrecovertothelevelofunburnedplot(B0)evenin15years.TotalN,availableP,andextractableKwerelower2-yearsand5-yearsafterthefirebutarehigherthanunburnedplotafter15-years.Availablenitrogen(NO3^-andNH4^+)remainunchangedorhigherthanB0inburnedpatches.SoilpH,BulkDensity,WaterHoldingCapacity,andElectricalConductivitywaslowerinitiallyafterthefire.Forestfireshaveaffectedsoilpropertiesconsiderably.Theresponseofsoilpropertiesvariedwithyearsafterfireandsoildepth.Conclusion:Forestfiresoccurveryfrequentlyinthestudyarea.Significantquantitiesofcarbonandtotalnitrogenarelosttotheatmospherebyburningoflitter,duff,andsoilOM.Becausenitrogenisoneofthemostimportantsoilnutrients,therecaptureofNlostbyvolatilizationduringafiremustreceivespecialattention.Long-termstudiesarerequiredtobetterunderstandtherecoveryofsoilnitrogen.

简介：火影响物理、化学的性质和土壤自然生态系统的生物活动。这研究在唐米燕区域被进行，在西方的伊朗的Ilam省。学习地点是110公顷，在我们在被火严厉分类的区域取样了土壤的地方：低(LS)，高度(HS)和中等严厉(MS)，并且未燃(UB)，它用作控制。在每个严厉班上，25个横断点随机为测量被选择。在每个横断阴谋中心附近，3件土壤样品随机被选择，土壤收集了从0～20?厘米深度被合为在实验室分析被使用在那个点代表条件的一件合成样品。在UB和LS火类上的阴谋有类似的土壤条件并且有象浸透的潮湿，器官的碳，二氧化碳，和淤泥和泥土内容那样的因素的更高的值。相反，在HS和MS火严厉班上的阴谋沿着在土壤酸味，电的传导性，阳离子交换能力，可存取的磷，可存取的钾，体积密度，和沙代表了坡度的第一轴在积极方向被聚类。土壤属性在HS和MS火严厉班的区域是类似的，而在LS班和UB控制上的土壤条件是很类似的。在LS区域任何一个的火显著地没改变物理化学药品的土壤性质和微生物引起的基础呼吸，否则土壤能在被烧以后快速恢复。