简介：Bambooasanimportantbiologicalresourcehasbecomeanalternativetowoodgradually,butthevariationinmechanicalpropertiesleadstodifficultyinitsusetosomeextent.Sodeepunderstandingofthenatureinbambooisneededtosatisfytheutilizationeffectively.Aswehaveknown,thedensityisoneofmechanicalpropertiesofbamboo.Therefore,thispaperstudiedthevariationinbamboodensitywiththeweighingmethod.Theresultsshowedthatthedensitydecreasesgraduallyfromtheoutertotheinn...

简介：Thegeneticimprovementofwoodpropertiesisoneoftheimportantmeasuresofimprovingwoodquality.Toachievethat,forestryandwoodscientistshavedoneagreatdealofresearchinexpectationtoproducemorehigh-qualitywood.Thepapersummarizestheresearchesongeneticvariationandgeneticcorrelationofwoodpropertiesandproposestheprospectstoconductthegeneticimprovementofwoodproperties.

简介：体积变化是影响木材处理的一个无常元素。我们学习了优秀缺点在传统的木材处理引起并且建立了一条优化途径的木头的体积变化，用一个柔韧的优化方法。我们使用了生产学习在板厚度和原料日志之间的关系的可接受的板的全部的数字，用控制改进板的输出，减少副产品的数量，并且降低生产费用的板体积的变化的一个启发式的搜索算法。柔韧的优化方法能有效地在木材处理控制体积变化的影响，远及增长处理的可能的使用减少切的废物并且增加利润，最大化木材的利用比率，在处理阻止废物，栽培树种类的生产类型并且节省森林资源。

简介：Microfibrilangle(MFA)inChinesefirwastestedbyX-raydiffractionapparatusandcalculatedbycomputersoftware.Theresultswereasfollows:MFAwascontrolledstronglybyinheritance,andtherewasnosignificantdifferenceinMFAamonginterspecies,juvenileandmaturewood.Inthelongitudinal,MFAreduceswiththeheightrisingfrom0to5.5m,especiallyintheheightsfrom0to1.5m.ThevaluesofMFAarenearlyconsistencefrom1.5to7.5m.Thevariationrangewasbetween10.82oand12.57ofrom1.5to7.5m,R2ofpowerequationachieved0.9321,andanalysisofvarianceindicatedthatthevariationofMFAwasnotsignificantfrom1.5to7.5m.TheageofthetreeshadanimportantinfluenceonMFA,consequently,thedifferenceinMFAwassignificantamongannualringsinradial,whichwasmaximalinnearpithandreducedrapidlyfromthepithtosapwood,anditsdeclinetendencywasslowbeyondtheninthannualring.MFAreachedminimumvalueatthe15thannualring,andthedifferencereachedmorethan20oandR2ofbinomialequationachieved0.7556.

简介：通过对分布于欧洲的水青冈（Ｆａｇｕｓｓｙｌｖａｔｉｃａ和Ｆａｇｕｓｏｒｅｎｔａｌｉｓ）和亚洲的水青冈（Ｆａｇｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ，Ｆａｇｕｓｃｒｅｎａｔａ，Ｆａｇｕｓｌｕｃｉｄａ，Ｆａｇｕｓｅｎｇｌｅｒｉａｎａ和Ｆａｇｕｓｐａｓｈａｎｉｃａ）的地理历史资料分析和凝胶电泳法等位酶的测定，探讨欧亚大陆水青冈地理变异和遗传多样性．所测定的酶系统包括：过氧化物酶（ＰＸ１和ＰＸ２）、磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（ＰＧＤ）、酸性磷酸化酶（ＡＣＰ１和ＡＣＰ２）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶（ＧＯＴ１，ＧＯＴ２和ＧＯＴ３）、异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ＩＤＨ）、磷酸果糖异构酶（ＰＧＩ）、甲基萘醌还原酶（ＭＮＲ）、葡萄糖磷酸变位酶（ＰＧＭ１和ＰＧＭ２）和苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ１和ＭＤＨ２）１０种酶系统．测定和分析了水青冈遗传相似性、固定指数及遗传多样性随经度、纬度和海拔高度的变化规律，讨论了水青冈起源和分布特点，为进一步研究水青冈的种间关系和地理历史进化过程提供了科学依据．

简介：Understandinggeneticvariationisimportantforefficientlyselectingexcellentclonesandutilizinggeneticresourcesduringtreebreeding.Weinvestigated16growthtraitsof5032-year-oldPinuskoraiensisclones.Analysesofvarianceshowedthatallthetesttraitsdifferedsignificantlyamongclones.Averageheight,diameteratbreastheight(DBH),andvolumeofallcloneswere10.41m,21.30cm,and0.148m3,respectively.Phenotypiccoefficientsofvariationandrepeatabilitiesoftraitsrangedfrom4.37to48.03%andfrom0.013to0.900,respectively.Thereexistssignificantpositivecorrelationsamongheights,diameteratdifferentheights(1.3,3.0,5.0m),andvolumes;geneticcorrelationwasclosetophenotypecorrelation.Usingfourgrowthtraits(height,DBH,volume,averagecrownwidth)asindicesforacomprehensiveevaluation,fiveclones(PK11,PK19,PK04,PK14,andPK28),whosetraitsscoredinthetop10%,wereselectedaseliteclones.Fortheseclones,geneticgainsinheight,DBH,volumeandcrownheightwere8.58,13.02,32.72and3.83%,respectively.TheseresultsprovideimportantinformationforimprovingP.koraiensisbreedingprograms.

简介：Thesimilaritytheorywassystematicallyintroduced,bycombiningthetheoryandtheanalytichierarchyprocess(AHP),andtakingthedynamicchangesoftwo-stagegreenlandpatchesinShenzhenasanexample,thepatchessimilarityofeachdistrictandeachgreenlandtypewereestimated.Thelocation,shapeandareasofgreenlandunitwereusedasthesimilarityelements.Thenthesimilaritycoefficientscanbedefined.Theoverlappingnumberofgreenlandpatchesindicatedthelocationvariationofgreenland.Theratioofminimumandmaximumshapeindexofgreenlandindicatedtheshapevariationofgreenland.Withthesamemethod,theareasvariationcoefficientwasalsoobtained.Theresultsshowsthatbasedonsimilaritytheoryandmethodtheestimationofgreenlandvariationisfeasible,whichcanprovideeffectivemethodsandaccordanceforthefurtherassessmentofgreenlanddevelopmentinShenzhenSpecialEconomicZone.

简介：本文对４个地点的毛白杨无性系进行了木材纤维长度遗传变异的研究．结果表明木材纤维长度在地点和无性系水平上均有显著的差异．木材纤维长度的无性系重复力估计为０．７９，表明这一材性性状受到较强的遗传控制，可以通过遗传手段得到改良．本文还研究了木材纤维长度在株内的遗传变异．木材纤维长度以及其它性状间的相关分析发现木材纤维长度和树木生长性状（包括材积、树高、胸径和树干通直度）之间均呈显著的正相关关系，但在木材纤维长度和木材基本密度之间存在显著的负相关关系．研究结论认为根据不同地点生长速率与材性的关系，可以进行以生长性状或木材材性性状为主的选择，也可以进行两方面的联合选择．

简介：China'sforestscover208.3millionhaandspanawiderangeofclimatesandalargevarietyofforesttypes,includingtropical,temperate,andborealforests.However,thevariationpatternsoffineroot(\2mmindiameter)biomass,production,andturnoverfromthesouthtothenorthareunclear.Thisstudysummarizesfinerootbiomass(FRB),production(FRP)andturnoverrate(FRT)inChina'sforestsasreportedby140casestudiespublishedfrom1983to2014.TheresultsshowedthatthemeanvaluesofFRB,FRPandFRTinChina'sforestswere278gm-2,366gm-2a-1,and1.19a-1,respectively.Comparedwithotherstudiesattheregionalorglobalscales,FRBinChina'sforestswaslower,FRPwassimilartoestimatesattheglobalscale,butFRTwasmuchhigher.FRB,FRP,andFRTinChina'sforestsincreasedwithincreasingmeanannualprecipitation(MAP),indicatingthatfinerootvariableswerelikelyrelatedtoMAP,ratherthanmeanannualtemperatureorlatitude.Thisispossiblyduetothesmallvariationintemperaturebutgreatervariationinprecipitationduringthegrowingseason.ThesefindingssuggestthatspatiotemporalvariationinprecipitationhasamoreprofoundimpactonfinerootdynamicsinChina'sforests,andthiswillimpactcarbonandnutrientcyclesdrivenbyrootturnoverinthefuture.

简介：用从广东，Guangxi和海南省的Bambusachungii的8起源的3岁的灰煤杆，木头性质的索引，例如纤维尺寸和化学药品，作文被调查并且由变化和关联系数的分析的方法分析了揭示地理基因变化状况。结果证明纤维长度，血纤维蛋白和B的1%NaOH抽取内容之间有重要差别。从8起源的chungii；而且，纤维长度和纤维长度/宽度比率在高度从南方与地理变化有一个减少的变化模式到北方(从对高在举起低)。为血纤维蛋白的可遗传性，纤维长度，1%NaOH引得出，木质素和纤维长度/宽度比率分别地是0.7，0.84，0.54，0.38和0.13。重要否定关联在抽取，benzo白酒抽取内容和竹子灰煤杆产出的1%NaOH之间被发现，而在血纤维蛋白内容和竹子木头产量之间有重要积极关联。而且，靠近的关联在纤维尺寸索引和竹子生长或竹子木头产量之间被检测。最后，有高质量和灰煤杆的三起源让步，即Huaiji，Xinyi和桂林，基于主要部件分析作为优异来源被选择。

简介：Eightprovenancesof19-year-oldPiceakoraiensisNakaifromtheprovenancetrialsofMaoershan(45°20'N,127°30'E),Liangeshui(47°10'N,128°53'E)andJiagedaqi(50°24'N,124°07'E)inNortheastChinawereinvestigatedtoanalyzethegeneticvariationingrowthcharacteristics(treeheightanddiameter)andwoodcharacteristics(tracheidlength,tracheiddiameter,tracheidwallthickness,annualringwidthaswellaswooddensity).Greatvariationinheightgrowthandbreastheightdiametergrowthwasobservedamongtheprovenances,andalongwiththeincreaseoftreeage,theseprovenancespresenteddifferentgeographicadaptability.ThegrowthcharacteristicsofPiceakoraiensisstandatageof10inMaoershanandLiangshuiprovenancetrialshadapositivecorrelationwithlongitude,andwithincreaseoftreeageto15and19,thetreegrowthoftheprovenancesdisplayedasignificantpositivecorrelationwithlatitudeaswellasaltitude.Forwoodcharacteristics,greatvariationwasalsofoundamongtheprovenances.Thereexistsacloserelationbetweengrowthcharacteristicsandwoodpropertiesoftheprovenance.Theheightandbreastheightdiametergrowthoftheprovenancehadapositivecorrelationwithtracheiddiameterandannualringwidth,andanegativecorrelationwithtracheidwallthicknessandwooddensity.Geneticperformanceoftheprovenanceinallabovecharacteristicswasalsoinvestigatedinordertoprovidemoreusefulinformationforcomprehensiveselectionofthisspeciesforpulpwoodandplywoodproduction.

简介：ToaidinmanagementofCunninghamialanceolata,themaintimberspeciesinSouthernChina,itsvariationofspatialdistributionpatternwasanalyzed.ThreepermanentplotsofC.lanceolataplantationswithapproximatelythesamesiteconditions,setbyChinacontinuousforestinventoryinShunchang,Fujian,wereselected.C.lanceolatagrowthwasdividedintotwostages:youngtrees(5cm≤diameteratbreastheight(DBH)<10cm)andmaturetrees(DBH≥10cm).TheDBHandcoordinatesofeverytree(DBH≥5cm)inthepermanentplotswererecordedin2003and2008.ThefunctionL(r),improvementofRipley’sK(r),thepaircorrelationfunctiong(r),andtheuniformangleindex(W_i)wereusedtoanalyzethespatio-temporalvariationofspatialdistributionpatterns.Thethreepermanentplotshadmeanuniformangleindex(W)between0.494-0.578atlowaltitudes,0.465-0.477atmediumaltitudes,and0.426-0.601athighaltitudes.Resultsshowedthataltitudedidnotaffectthespatialdistributionpattern.TheL(r)andg(r)functioncurvesofmaturetreesweregenerallylowerthanyoungtrees’,i.e.tendtobemorerandomoruniformdistribution.Soregardlessoftheinitialdistributionofyoungormaturetrees,withthepassageoftime,therewasatendencyfortheaggregateddistributiontochangetoarandomdistribution,andarandomdistributiontochangetoauniformdistribution.

简介：Leafshapesarenotonlytheusefulindicatorsinplanttaxonomy,butalsotheimportantfactorsaffectingenergyandmaterialexchangeinleaves.Inthispaper,wecollectedandscannedtheleavesofNitrariatangutoruminDengkouofInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion（themeanannualprecipitation145mm）andMinqinofGansuProvince（themeanannualprecipitation115mm）andN.sphaerocarpainDunhuang,andthenanalyzedleafshapeparameterswithImage-ProPlus6.0imageprocessingsoftwareandleafδ13CvaluesintheisotopelaboratoryoftheChineseAcademyofForestry.Theresultshowedthat:1)asleafareaincreasedwithincreasingwateravailabilitytheincreasesintheleaflengthandwidthwereasynchronously;2)withthesameleafwidth,the1eavesofN.tangutorumandN.sphaerocarpaweresignificantlylongerinhighwateravailableconditions;and3)althoughthereweresignificantlydifferencesinwateravailabilitybetweenDengkouandMinqin,aswellasbetweenthebottomandmiddleofthealluvialfanneartheEastLakeinDunhuang,theleafδ13CvaluesofN.tangutorumorN.sphaerocarpaweresimilarindifferentwaterconditions（P>0.05）.Ourresultssuggestedthattheratioofleafperimetertoareawouldbeanimportantfactorwhichlinkedleafshapetoplantwaterphysiology.Duringgrowingprocedureofleafarea,leaflengthincreasewaspriortoitswidthtoalleviatethereductioninratioofperimetertoareaandmaintainwateruseefficiencyoftheplant.

简介：Nitratereductaseactivity(NRA)indifferentplantorgansandleavesindifferentpositionsofCamptothecaacuminataseedlingswasdeterminedbyanInvivoassay,thediurnalvariationrhythmofNRAinleavesofdifferentpositionswasobserved,andthecorrelationsbetweenleafNRA,leafareaandlaminamassperunitarea(LMA)werealsoexamined.TheresultsshowedthatNRAintheleafwassignificantlyhighest,comparedwiththatinotherorganssuchasroots,stemsandleaves.Inthisexperiment,the10leaveswereselectedfromtheapextothebaseoftheseedlingsinorder.ThedifferentNRAoccurredobviouslyinleavesofdifferentpositionsofC.acuminataseedlingsfromtheapextothebase,andNRAwashigherinthe4th-6thleaves.ThediurnalchangerhythmofleafNRAshowedaonepeakcurve,andmaximumNRAvalueappearedataboutmidday(at12:30orso).NoobviouscorrelationsbetweenNRAandleafareaorlaminamassperunitareawereobserved.ThisstudyofferedscientificfoundationforthefurtherresearchonnitrogenmetabolismofC.acuminata.

简介：Background:Manytreespeciesintropicalforestshavedistributionstrackinglocalridge-slope-valleytopography.Previousworkina50-haplotinKorupNationalPark,Cameroon,demonstratedthat272species,or63%ofthosetested,weresignificantlyassociatedwithtopography.Methods:Weusedtwocensusesof329,000trees≥1cmdbhtoexaminedemographicvariationatthissitethatwouldaccountforthoseobservedhabitatpreferences.Wetestedtwopredictions.First,withinagiventopographichabitat,speciesspecializingonthathabitat(‘residents')shouldoutperformspeciesthatarespecialistsofotherhabitats(‘foreigners').Second,acrossdifferenttopographichabitats,speciesshouldperformbestinthehabitatonwhichtheyspecialize(‘home')comparedtootherhabitats(‘away').Species'performancewasestimatedusinggrowthandmortalityrates.Results:Inhierarchicalmodelswithspeciesidentityasarandomeffect,wefoundnoevidenceofademographicadvantagetoresidentspecies.Indeed,growthratesweremostoftenhigherforforeignspecies.Similarly,comparisonsofspeciesontheirhomevs.awayhabitatsrevealednosignofaperformanceadvantageonthehomehabitat.Conclusions:Werejectthehypothesisthatspeciesdistributionsalongaridge-valleycatenaatKoruparecausedbyspeciesdifferencesintrees≥1cmdbh.Sincetheremustbeademographiccauseforhabitatspecialization,weofferthreealternatives.First,thedemographicadvantagespecialistshaveathomeoccursatthereproductiveorseedlingstage,insizessmallerthanwecensusintheforestplot.Second,speciesmayhavehigherperformanceontheirpreferredhabitatwhendensityislow,butwhenpopulationbuildsup,therearenegativedensity-dependentfeedbacksthatreduceperformance.Third,demographicfilteringmaybeproducedbyextremeenvironmentalconditionsthatwedidnotobserveduringthecensusinterval.

简介：Growthofcommercialforestryishighlydependentontheavailabilityoffast-growingplantingmaterials.Consequently,theefficientutilizationoffastgrowingplantationscangreatlyimpactproductivity.Theobjectivesofthisstudyweretoevaluatevariationsinthegrowthpotentialoftwoclonesandtoestimatetheaveragestemradialgrowthadvantageofafast-growingcloneusingdataobtainedfromSappilandholdingsineasternSouthAfricaandamixedmodellingapproachthatpermitstheincorporationofcovariancestructureintothestatisticalmodel.Duringthefirst2yearsofgrowth,thestemradiusofninetreeseachoftwocloneswasmeasuredusingdendrometerattachedtothetree.Asecond-degreefractionalpolynomialmodelwaschosentoshowthefunctionalrelationshipbetweenstemradiusandtreeage.Growthofthetwohybridclonesdifferedsignificantly.TheEucalyptusgrandis9EucalyptusurophyllaclonegrewfasterthantheE.grandis9camaldulensisclone,indicatingbettergeneticpotentialforrapidgrowthandyield.Thisstudycanbeconsideredasstartingpointtofurthercomparethepotentialforrapidgrowthofseveralhybridclonesusingthelongitudinaldatamodellingapproach.

简介：TwoclonaltrialstandsofChineseFir（Cunninghamialanceolata）wereusedinthisstudy,onewas19-year-oldstandwhichincluded38clones,andtheotherwas17-year-oldstandincluding102clones.Thestatisticalanalysesshowedthattherewereverysignificantgeneticvariationsinheight,DBH,volumeandratioofheartwood(Rhw),woodbasicdensity（ρb）oftheclonesinthetwostands.Therepeatabilityofcloneswasinmediantohighlevel,andthegeneticCVwasdifferentovertheallfivetraits.Therewereverysignificantphenotypicandgeneticcorrelationsamongheight,DBHandvolume,andnegativecorrelationsamonggrowth,Rhwandρb.Theselectionmethodexperimentindicatedthatindexselectioncouldimprovevolume,Rhwandρb,showingsyntheticallysuperiorselectioneffectscomparedtoanyindividualtraitselectionmethods.

简介：

简介：Mid-subtropicalforestsarethemainvegetationtypeofglobalterrestrialbiomes,andarecriticalformaintainingtheglobalcarbonbalance.However,estimatesofforestbiomassincrementinmid-subtropicalforestsremainhighlyuncertain.Itiscriticallyimportanttodeterminetherelativeimportanceofdifferentbioticandabioticfactorsbetweenplantsandsoil,particularlywithrespecttotheirinfluenceonplantregrowth.Consequently,itisnecessarytoquantitativelycharacterizethedynamicspatiotemporaldistributionofforestcarbonsinksataregionalscale.Thisstudyusedalarge,long-termdatasetinaboostedregressiontree(BRT)modeltodeterminethemajorcomponentsthatquantitativelycontrolforestbiomassincrementsinamid-subtropicalforestedregion(WuyishanNationalNatureReserve,China).Long-term,stand-leveldatawereusedtoderivetheforestbiomassincrement,withtheBRTmodelbeingappliedtoquantifytherelativecontributionsofvariousbioticandabioticvariablestoforestbiomassincrement.Ourdatashowthattotalbiomass(t)increasedfrom4.629106to5.309106tbetween1988and2010,andthatthemeanbiomassincreasedfrom80.19±0.39tha-1(mean±standarderror)to94.33±0.41tha-1inthestudyregion.Themajorfactorsthatcontrolledbiomass(indecreasingorderofimportance)werethestand,topography,andsoil.Standdensitywasinitiallythemostimportantstandfactor,whileelevationwasthemostimportanttopographicfactor.Soilfactorswereimportantforforestbiomassincrementbuthaveamuchweakerinfluencecomparedtotheothertwocontrollingfactors.Theseresultsprovidebaselineinformationaboutthepracticalutilityofspatialinterpolationmethodsformappingforestbiomassincrementsatregionalscales.更多还原

简介：Acomprehensiveanalysisonthevariationpatternofearly-andlatewoodtracheidmorphologicalparametersalongtree(CunninghamialanceolataHook.)height,includinglengthandwidth,wallthickness,tissueproportion,cellwallpercentage,widthofgrowthrings,andontherelationshipamongthemareconducted.Theresultsindicateaninitiallyrapidandthengentleincreaseoftracheidlengthandwidth,thicknessoftheradialwallandtangentialwalloftracheid,areapercentageoftracheidfrompi...