简介：体积变化是影响木材处理的一个无常元素。我们学习了优秀缺点在传统的木材处理引起并且建立了一条优化途径的木头的体积变化，用一个柔韧的优化方法。我们使用了生产学习在板厚度和原料日志之间的关系的可接受的板的全部的数字，用控制改进板的输出，减少副产品的数量，并且降低生产费用的板体积的变化的一个启发式的搜索算法。柔韧的优化方法能有效地在木材处理控制体积变化的影响，远及增长处理的可能的使用减少切的废物并且增加利润，最大化木材的利用比率，在处理阻止废物，栽培树种类的生产类型并且节省森林资源。

简介：Understandinggeneticvariationisimportantforefficientlyselectingexcellentclonesandutilizinggeneticresourcesduringtreebreeding.Weinvestigated16growthtraitsof5032-year-oldPinuskoraiensisclones.Analysesofvarianceshowedthatallthetesttraitsdifferedsignificantlyamongclones.Averageheight,diameteratbreastheight(DBH),andvolumeofallcloneswere10.41m,21.30cm,and0.148m3,respectively.Phenotypiccoefficientsofvariationandrepeatabilitiesoftraitsrangedfrom4.37to48.03%andfrom0.013to0.900,respectively.Thereexistssignificantpositivecorrelationsamongheights,diameteratdifferentheights(1.3,3.0,5.0m),andvolumes;geneticcorrelationwasclosetophenotypecorrelation.Usingfourgrowthtraits(height,DBH,volume,averagecrownwidth)asindicesforacomprehensiveevaluation,fiveclones(PK11,PK19,PK04,PK14,andPK28),whosetraitsscoredinthetop10%,wereselectedaseliteclones.Fortheseclones,geneticgainsinheight,DBH,volumeandcrownheightwere8.58,13.02,32.72and3.83%,respectively.TheseresultsprovideimportantinformationforimprovingP.koraiensisbreedingprograms.

简介：Richgeneticpolymorphismisimportantforplantstoadapttochangesbecauseitenablestheplanttomakeanatomical,physiologicalandbiochemicalchangesinresponsetoabioticstress.Geomorphologiccharacteristics,demographicinterferenceandacumulativedecreaseinfreshwaterinfluxintheIndianSundarbansregionhaveproveddetrimentaltosomeeconomicallyimportantplants.Inthisstudy,geneticpolymorphismofthreemangrovespecies,Xylocarpusgranatum,Excoecariaagallocha,andPhoenixpaludosa,wasassessedusingRAPDandISSRmolecularmarkers.X.granatum,alreadyindistressintheSundarbans,hadtheleastgeneticpolymorphism,14.56%intheRAPDanalysisand12.92%intheISSR.RelativelyhighergeneticpolymorphismwasrecordedfortheprofuselygrowingE.agallochaandP.paludosa:24.66and26.4%inRAPD;24.87and20.32%inISSRanalysisrespectively.AUPGMAdendrogramconstructedusingthesimilaritymatrixfromRAPD,ISSRandcombineddatashowedthatforX.granatum,theleastandhighestsalinityzonesclusteredtogether,whereasforE.agallochaandP.paludosa,higherandlowersalinityareasclusteredindifferentclades.Nei’sgeneticdiversity,calculatedfromRAPDandISSRdata,wasalsoinaccordancewith0.0637and0.0583forX.granatum,respectively,muchlowerthan0.0794and0.0818forE.agallochaand0.0799and0.0688forP.paludosa.ThisopposingdegreeofpolymorphismmightbeattributedtotheprofuselygrowingE.agallochaandP.paludosaandprecariousstatusofX.granatumthroughouttheIndianSundarbans.