简介:第三产生同步加速器X光象自然材料一样为许多设计材料的微结构描述提供一个崭新的机会。这篇文章为结构的材料的学习表明三种技术的用法:微分孔的X光检查显微镜学(DAXM),三维的X光检查衍射(第3DX),和散布的同时的宽angle/small角度X光检查(蜡/萨克斯风管)。DAXM能与高空间、尖的分辨率在多晶的材料测量3D谷物结构。在使变形的材料,streaked衍射山峰能被用来在单个谷物分析本地脱臼内容。比作DAXM,第3DX能大批印射谷物材料更快速在损坏空间分辨率的情况下。当材料在变丑下面时,发展微观结构,为学习是很有用的。蜡/萨克斯风管对与不同类的结构学习材料合适,例如猛抛加强的合金。蜡和萨克斯风管揭示的结构的信息能为更深的卓见被合为材料行为。这三种技术的未来开发和应用程序将也被讨论。
简介:Intrinsiccarrierconcentration(ni)isoneofthemostimportantphysicalparametersforunderstandingthephysicsofstrainedSiandSi1-xGexmaterialsaswellasforevaluatingtheelectricalpropertiesofSi-basedstraineddevices.Uptonow,thereportonquantitativeresultsofintrinsiccarrierconcentrationinstrainedSiandSi1-xGexmaterialshasbeenstilllacking.Inthispaper,byanalyzingthebandstructureofstrainedSiandSi1-xGexmaterials,boththeeffectivedensitiesofthestatenearthetopofvalencebandandthebottomofconductionband(NcandNv)at218,330and393KandtheintrinsiccarrierconcentrationrelatedtoGefraction(x)at300KweresystematicallystudiedwithintheframeworkofKPtheoryandsemiconductorphysics.ItisfoundthattheintrinsiccarrierconcentrationinstrainedSi(001)andSi1-xGex(001)and(101)materialsat300KincreasessignificantlywithincreasingGefraction(x),whichprovidesvaluablereferencestounderstandtheSibasedstraineddevicephysicsanddesign.
简介:ThetransportpropertiesintheLa2/3(Ca1-xSrx)1/3MnO3(x=0,1/3,2/3)filmspreparedusingtheRFmagnetronsputteringmethodwereinvestigated.TheeffectoftheCa,Srdouble-dopingattheApositionintheLa2/3A1/3MnO3onthestructureofthetargetsandtransportofthefilmshasbeenstudied.Withtheincreaseofx,thestructuresofthetargetstransformfromtherhombohedralphasetothecubicphase;themetal-insulatorphasetransitiontemperature(Tp)ofthefilmsincreases;andthecorrespondingpeakresistivitydecreases.Allthephenomenacanbequalitativelyexplainedbythelatticeeffect.
简介:Inordertostudythestresscorrosioncracking(SCC)ofX70pipelinesteelanditsweldjointinacidsoilenvironmentofsoutheastofChina,twosimulatingmethodswereusedhere.Theonewastoobtainthebadmicrostructuresinheataffectedzonebyannealingat1300°Cfor10minandaircoolingtoroomtemperature,theotherwastogetaseriesofsimulatingsolutionsoftheacidsoilenvironment.SCCsusceptibilitiesofX70pipelinesteelsbeforeandafterbeingnormalizedinthesimulatedsolutionswerestudiedbyslowstrainratetest(SSRT)andmicrostructuralobservationoffractureareas.Potentiodynamicpolarizationcurveswereusedtostudytheelectrochemicalbehaviourofdifferentmicrostructures.SCCdoesoccurtoboththeas-receivedmaterialandnormalizedmicrostructureafterheattreatmentasthepolarizationpotentialdecreased.Hydrogenembrittlement(HE)isindicatedoccurringtoalltestedmaterialsat-850mV(vsSCE)and-1200mV(vsSCE).TheSCCmechanismsaredifferentwithinvaryingpotentialrange.Anodicdissolutionisthekeycauseaspolarizationpotentialhigherthannullcurrentpotential,andHEwillplayamoreimportantroleaspolarizationpotentiallowerthanthenullcurrentpotential.
简介:根据固体和分子经验电子理论(EET理论),分别计算了静压法和爆炸法合成金刚石过程中石墨和金刚石的价电子结构,获得了超高温高压下石墨和金刚石12组不同组合晶面间的价电子密度,结果表明,采用静压法合成金刚石.石墨/金刚石晶面的电子密度差均大于10%,说明其晶面的价电子结构差异太大,不能诱发石墨向金刚石的直接转变。而采用爆炸法合成金刚石,石墨结构理论键距和实验键距差是0.1073nm,明显大于稳定的价电子结构键距差的最大值(0.005nm),因此,爆炸法条件下,石墨的价电子结构不稳定,主要因为超高温高压下,石墨先分解出亚稳相后再转变成金刚石结构。
简介:
简介:Thesystematiclaboratorystudiesontherolesofsulfate-reducingbacteria(SRB)inthestresscorrosioncracking(SCC)susceptibilityofX80steelsubjectedtocathodicpotentialhavebeenconductedinanearneutralpHsoilsolutionbyslowstrainratetests.ThecathodicpotentialandSRBincreaseindividuallytheSCCsusceptibilityofthesteelinthesoilsolution.ThepositiveroleoftheSRBactivitiesinSCCsusceptibilitydependsontheprolongationofpre-incubationtime,andtheSCCsusceptibilityofthesteelincreasesundermorenegativepotentials.What’smore,theappliedpotentialsandthepresenceofSRBworktogetherinpromotingtheSCCsusceptibilityofthesteel.But,thecombinedactionbecomeslimitedwithdecreasingcathodicpotentials.Therelationshipsbetweentheplasticitylossandthepermeablehydrogenconcentrationwereestablishedforthesteelinthesoilsolution,regardlessofunderopencircuitpotentialorcathodicpotentials,inboththesterileandSRBinoculatedconditions.Therelationshipsarepracticallysignificantfortheselectionofsafecathodicprotection(CP)potentialsinthepresenceofSRBinsoilenvironment.
简介:有alloying原子X=C,B,N,O和空缺的镁和它的合金的概括叠的差错(GSF)精力和表面精力用第一原则的方法被调查了。叠的差错精力上的alloying原子和空缺的占优势的减少效果在slip飞机附近在第一层从他们的位置被结果,这被发现。叠的差错精力是将近与纯镁一样当alloying原子和空缺被放在时第二,第三,第4,第5和第6层。O强烈减少Mg的GSF精力,这被显示出。alloying原子C,B和N增加表面精力,但是O和空缺减少Mg的表面精力。Mg和Mg合金的韧性被使用在表面精力和不稳定的叠差错精力之间的比率基于瑞斯标准讨论了。
简介:TheX-raydiffractionpeak-shiftmethodwasintroducedintothedeterminationofdeformationfaultprobability(α)ofFe-Mn-SialloyswithvariousMncontentsandthermomechanicalcyclingnumbers.Thepreciselatticeconstantsrequiredwereobtainedbynumericalcalculationinsteadofusingstandardsamplewithoutanyfault.Theinfluenceofinternalstressonthedeterminedαhasbeenevaluated,andthecausedrelativeerrorwasdeterminedasabout4%andthusnegligible.TheresultsshowthatthedeformationfaultprobabilityincreaseswithdecreasingMn-contentandincreasingcyclenumber,whicharequalitativelyconsistentwiththoseresultsofPsfdeterminedbypeak-broadeningmethod.
简介:采用原位拉伸扫描电镜试验对X100级管线钢的动态塑性形变行为进行观察,并运用EBSD微观取向分析技术对形变前后管体组织的取向变化进行分析。结果表明,X100级管线钢的微观组织由针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体和M/A岛组成。在拉伸应力的作用下针状铁素体首先发生形变,随着应变的增加,针状铁素体形变累积到一定程度后,导致粒状贝氏体发生形变。针状铁素体边界和贝氏体基体上的M/A组织钉扎位错使变形不易发生。由EBSD取向可知,晶体在发生形变后轧面的{110}晶面方向沿拉伸形变方向转动。由扫描电镜照片观察到,在外加应力作用下,夹杂物成为微裂纹形核核心并随着外加应力的增加而扩展,最后连接,导致裂纹贯穿基体直至失效。
简介:以硝酸铁为原料,三乙二醇(TEG)为溶剂,采用热分解法制备了γ-Fe2O3纳米粒子,通过X射线衍射fXRD)、差热-热重分析、N2吸附-脱附(BET)和磁性分析(VSM)等测试手段对制备的样品进行表征,并考察了硝酸铁浓度和反应时间对γ-Fe2O3晶粒尺寸及性能的影响,结果表明,硝酸铁在TEG中高温热分解后能够产生γ-Fe2O3纳米粒子,并且随着硝酸铁浓度和反应时间的增加,γ-Fe2O3纳米粒子的晶粒尺寸和饱和磁化强度都有增大的趋势。