简介：InTokomak,thesupportoftheELMcoil,whichisclosetotheplasmaandsubjecttohighradiationlevel,hightemperatureandhighmagneticfield,isusedtotransportandbearthethermalloadduetothermalexpansionandthealternatingelectromagneticforcegeneratedbyhighmagneticfieldandACcurrentinthecoil.AccordingtothefeatureofITERELMcoil,themechanicalperformanceofrigidandflexiblesupportsunderdifferenthighnuclearheatlevelsisstudied.Resultsshowthatflexiblesupportshavemoreexcellentperformanceinhighnuclearheatconditionthanrigidsupports.Concerningthermalandelectromagnetic(EM)loads,optimizedresultsfurtherprovethatflexiblesupportshavebettermechanicalperformancethanrigidones.Throughthesestudies,reasonablesupportdesigncanbeprovidedfortheELMcoilsorsimilarcoilsinTokamakbasedonthenuclearheatlevel.

简介：Consideringutilizationoftheoriginalchromium-bronzematerial,twoprocessingtechniquesincludinghydraulicexpansionandhightemperaturevacuumweldingwereproposedfortheoptimizationofheat-sinkstructureinEAST.Theheattransferperformanceofheat-sinkwithorwithoutcoolingtubewascalculatedanddifferenttypesofconnectionbetweentubeandheat-sinkwerecomparedbyconductingaspecialtest.Itisshownfromnumericalanalysisthatthediameterofheat-sinkchannelcanbereducedfrom12mmto10mm.Comparedwiththeoriginalsample,thethermalcontactresistancebetweentubeandheat-sinkforweldingsamplecanreducetheheattransferperformanceby10%,whileby20%forthehydraulicexpansionsample.However,theweldingtechniqueismorecomplicatedandexpensivethanhydraulicexpansiontechnique.Boththeprocessingtechniqueandtheheattransferperformanceofheat-sinkprototypeshouldbefurtherconsideredfortheoptimizationofheat-sinkstructureinEAST.

简介：Inordertotransfertheheatfromthearmortothecoolant,tungstenhastobeconnectedwithacopperheatsink.Thejointtechnologyisthemostcriticalissueformanufacturingplasmafacingcomponents.Consequently,thereliabilityofthejointsshouldbeverifiedbyagreatnumberofhigh-heat-flux（HHF）teststosimulatetherealloadconditions.W/CubrazedjointtechnologywithsliverfreefillermetalCuMnNihasbeendevelopedatSouthwesternInstituteofPhysics（SWIP）.Screeningandthermalfatiguetestsofonesmall-scaleflattileW/CuCrZrmockupwereperformedona60kWelectron-beamMaterialtestingscenario（EMS-60）constructedrecentlyatSWIP.Themodulesuccessfullysurvivedscreeningtestwiththeabsorbedpowerdensity(Pabs)of2MW/m2to10MW/m2andthefollowing1000cyclesatPabsof7.2MW/m2withouthotspotsandoverheatingzonesduringthewholetestcampaign.MetallurgyandSEMobservationsdidnotfindanycracksatbothsidesandtheinterface,indicatingagoodbondingofWandCuCrZralloy.Inaddition,finiteelementsimulationsbyANSYS12.0underexperimentalloadconditionswereperformedandcomparedwithexperimentalresults.

简介：

简介：Thisstudyexploredtheeffectsofcoldplasmatreatmentonseedgermination,plantgrowth,andpeanutyield.Coldplasmatreatmentimprovedgerminationandseedlinggrowth,andthe120Wtreatmentproducedthebesteffect.Germinationpotentialandgerminationrateweremarkedlyraisedby150%and21%,respectively.Germinationwasacceleratedandtheuniformityofemergenceimproved.Theapparentcontactanglewasdecreasedby53%.Seedlingshootandrootdryweightsincreasedby11%and9%.Leafarea,leafthickness,leafnitrogenconcentration,chlorophyllcontents,anddryweightatthefruitingstage,togetherwithplantheight,stemdiameter,androotdryweightatthematurestagewereallmarkedlyraisedbythecoldplasmatreatment.Thecoldplasmatreatmentenhancedyieldcomponents,suchasbranchnumbersperplant,podnumbersperplant,and100podweightsby8%,13%,and9%,respectively,comparedtothecontrol.Furthermore,theyieldimprovedby10%.Theseresultssuggestedthatcoldplasmatreatmentimprovedgermination,plantgrowth,andyield,whichmightbeduetothecoldplasmaincreasingtheleafarea,nitrogenconcentrations,andchlorophyllcontents.

简介：TheHTScurrentleadsofsuperconductingmagnetsforlargescalefusiondevicesandhighenergyparticlecolliderscanreducethepowerconsumptionforcoolingby2/3comparedwithconventionalleads.Theresistivesectionsofhigh-ratedcurrentleadsareusuallymadeofaheatexchangercooledbygasflow.Thesupplyofthecoolingmassflowincursmorethan90%ofthecoolingcostfortheHTSleads.Themassflowraterequirementdependsnotonlyonthelengthandmaterialoftheresistiveheatexchanger,butalsoontheheattransfercoefficientandHEXsurface,thejointresistanceatthecoldendanditscoolingapproach.Thedesignandoperationofasheet-stackHEXwithalargerspecificsurfaceandamuchsmallerhydraulicdiameterarepresentedinthepaper.ThetestresultsofanHTSleadoptimizedfor8kAshowthata98.4%efficiencycanbeachieved.

简介：Anexperimentandanalysisonremovalofgaseousbenzenebypulsecoronainducedplasmaispresentedinthisarticle.Importantparameterseffectingremovalefficiencyhavebeeninvestigated,suchaspulsepeakvoltage,pulsefrequency,gasinletconcentration,gasflowrateandreactortemperature.Theresultshowsthattheremovalefficiencyincreaseswiththeincreaseinpulsepeakvoltage,pulsefrequencyandreactortemperature,butdecreasesintheriseofgasinletconcentrationandgasflowrate.OntheconditionofVp=36kV,f=80Hz,C=1440mg/m^3andQ=640ml/min,thelargestremovalefficiencyis98%.Finally,thereactedproductsarequalitativelyanalysedandthereactionprocessesarededucedincombinationwithplasma-chemistrytheory.

简介：InHL-2Atokamaks,thebehaviorofheatfluxdepositedonthedivertortargetshasbeenstudiedduringdeuteriumgasfuelling.Theheatfluxisreducedsignificantlyaftersupersonicmolecularbeaminjection(SMBI)fuellingduringOhmicandelectroncyclotronresonanceheating(ECRH)divertordischarges.TheSMBIfuellingcausesanincreaseintheplasmadensityandthischangeresultsintheexperiencedchangeoftheedgeproperties.MostofthisreductionindivertortargetheatfluxoccurstogetherwithahighplasmaradiationregionlocatedatneartheX-point.Thelargestreductioninheatfluxprofilesisobservedattheoutboarddivertorseparatrixstrikepoint,whiletheheatfluxfarfromthestrikepointremainsalmostunchanged.Inparticular,withSMBImulti-pulsesgasfuelling,apartiallydetacheddivertorregimeisobservedwithahighlyradiatingregionattheX-point.Withtheonsetofthepartiallydetacheddivertorregime,asuddendropinbothheatfluxandpowerflowonthedivertortargetisobserved.Thereductioninpowerloadonthedivertortargetsisroughlyequaltotheincreaseinplasmaradiationloss.

简介：Thermalplasmawasappliedforthetreatmentofcokewastewatersludgederivedfromthesteelindustryinordertoinvestigatethefeasibilityofthesafetreatmentandenergyrecoveryofthesludge.A30kWplasmatorchsystemwasappliedtostudythevitrificationandgasproductionofcokewastewatersludge.Toxicityleachingresultsindicatedthatthesludgetreatedviathethermalplasmaprocessconvertedintoavitrifiedslagwhichresistedtheleachingofheavymetals.CO2wasutilizedasworkinggastostudytheproductionandheatenergyofthesyngas.Theheatingvalueofthegasproductsbythermalplasmaachieved8.43kJ/L,indicatingthefurtherutilizationofthegasproducts.Consideringtheutilizationofthesyngasandrecoveryheatfromthegasproducts,theestimatedtreatmentcostofcokewastewatersludgeviaplasmatorchwasabout0.98CNY/kgsludgeintheexperiment.Bypreliminaryeconomicanalysis,thedehydrationcosttakesanimportantpartofthetotalsludgetreatmentcost.Thetreatmentcostofthecokewastewatersludgewith50wt.%moisturewascalculatedtobeabout1.45CNY/kgsludgedrybasis.Thetreatmentcostofthecokewastewatersludgecouldbeeffectivelycontrolledbydecreasingthewatercontentofthesludge.Thesefindingssuggestthataneconomicdewateringpretreatmentmethodcouldbecombinedtocutthetotaltreatmentcostinanactualtreatmentprocess.

简介：

简介：Amodellingstudyisperformedtocomparetheplasmaflowandheattransfercharacteristicsoflow-powerarc-heatedthrusters(arcjets)forthreedifferentpropellants:hydrogen,nitrogenandargon.Theall-speedSIMPLEalgorithmisemployedtosolvethegoverningequations,whichtakeintoaccounttheeffectsofcompressibility,LorentzforceandJouleheating,aswellasthetemperature-andpressure-dependenceofthegasproperties.Thetemperature,velocityandMachnumberdistributionscalculatedwithinthethrusternozzleobtainedwithdifferentpropellantgasesarecomparedforthesamethrusterstructure,dimensions,inlet-gasstagnantpressureandarccurrents.Thetemperaturedistributionsinthesolidregionoftheanode-nozzlewallarealsogiven.Itisfoundthattheflowandenergyconversionprocessesinthethrusternozzleshowmanysimilarfeaturesforallthreepropellants.Forexample,thepropellantisheatedmainlyinthenear-cathodeandconstrictorregion,withthehighestplasmatemperatureappearingnearthecathodetip;theflowtransitionfromthesubsonictosupersonicregimeoccurswithintheconstrictorregion;thehighestaxialvelocityappearsinsidethenozzle;andmostoftheinputpropellantflowstowardsthethrusterexitthroughthecoolergasregionneartheanode-nozzlewall.However,sincethepropertiesofhydrogen,nitrogenandargon,especiallytheirmolecularweights,specificenthalpiesandthermalconductivities,aredifferent,thereareappreciabledifferencesinarcjetperformance.Forexample,comparedtotheothertwopropellants,thehydrogenarcjetthrustershowsahigherplasmatemperatureinthearcregion,andhigheraxialvelocitybutlowertemperatureatthethrusterexit.Correspondingly,thehydrogenarcjetthrusterhasthehighestspecificimpulseandarcvoltageforthesameinletstagnantpressureandarccurrent.Thepredictionsofthemodellingarecomparedfavourablywithavailableexperimentalresults.

简介：Thispaperpresentstheresultsofaluminumsurfacetreatmentbydiffusecoplanarsurfacebarrierdischarge.Thegoalsaretostudytheeffectivenessoftheplasmatreatmentandthedependenceofitsefficiencyonoperationparameters,suchassample-to-electrodedistance,treatmenttimeorgasatmosphere.Threetypesofaluminummaterials(bricks,sheetsandthinfilms)weretestedtoensurethereliabilityofthetreatment.Thechangesinthesurfacepropertieswerecharacterizedbythesurfacefreeenergy,atomicforcemicroscopy,attenuatedtotalreflectanceFouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy(ATRFTIR)andX-rayphotoelectronspec-troscopy(XPS).Theinfluenceofagingeffectonthetreatmentwasalsomeasuredanddiscussed.

简介：DyeingofPETmaterialsbytraditionalmethodspresentsseveralproblems.Plasmatechnologyhasreceivedenormousattentionasasolutionfortheenvironmentalproblemsrelatedwithtextilesurfacemodifications,andtherehasbeenarapiddevelopmentandcommercializationofplasmatechnologyoverthepastdecade.Inthiswork,thesynergisticeffectofatmosphericpressureplasmaonalkalineetchinganddeepcoloringofdyeingpropertiesonpolyethyleneterephthalate(PET)fabricsandfilmswasinvestigated.ThetopographicalchangesofthePETsurfacewereinvestigatedbyatomicforcemicroscopy(AFM)images,whichrevealedasmoothsurfacemorphologyoftheuntreatedsamplewhereasahighsurfaceroughnessfortheplasmaand/oralkalinetreatedsamples.TheeffectsofatmosphericpressureplasmaonalkalineetchingofthestructureandpropertiesofPETwereinvestigatedbymeansofdifferentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC),themainobjectiveofperformingDSCwastoinvestigatetheeffectoftheplasmapre-treatmentontheT_gandT_m.UsingatensilestrengthtesterYG065HandfollowingastandardprocedurethemaximumforceandelongationatmaximumforceofPETmaterialswasinvestigated.Oxygenandargonplasmapre-treatmentwasfoundtoincreasethePETfabricweightlossrate.ThecolorstrengthofPETfabricswasincreasedbyvariousplasmapre-treatmenttimes.ThepenetrationofplasmaandalkalinereactivespeciesdeepintothePETstructureresultsinbetterdyeabilityandleavesasignificanteffectontheK/Svaluesoftheplasmapre-treatedPET.Itindicatedthatplasmapre-treatmenthasagreatsynergisticeffectwiththealkalinetreatmentofPET.

简介：Vacuumtreatmentandion-beambombardmentaretwomajorprocessesinthelowenergyion-beamimplantation.Toaccuratelystudythecontributionsofthesetwomajorfactorstothebioeffectsseparately,theM_1generationvariationofArabidopsisthalianawithion-beamimplantationandvacuumtreatmentwerecomparedthroughaseriesofkeyplantdevelopmentparametersincludingmorphologicalobservation,biochemicalassayandRAPD(randomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA)analysis.Theresultsshowedthation-beamimplantationhadobviouseffectonalmostalloftheseparameters,andthevacuumtreatmenthadsomeimpactsonseveralmorphologicalparameterssuchastheboltingtimeandthelengthoftheprimarystem.Takingtheresultstogether,theindicationisthatvacuumtreatmenthassomeslightcontributionstothebioeffectsofion-beamimplantationwhileion-beambombardmentitselfisthemajorcreatorofthebioeffects.

简介：

简介：Ahighlyreliableinterfaceofself-alignedbarrierCuSiNthinlayerbetweentheCufilmandthenano-porousSiC:H(p-SiC:H)cappingbarrier(k=3.3)hasbeendevelopedinthepresentwork.Withtheintroductionofself-alignedbarrier(SAB)CuSiNbetweenaCufilmandap-SiC:Hcappingbarrier,theinterfacialthermalstabilityandtheadhesionoftheCu/p-SiC:Hfilmareconsiderablyenhanced.AsignificantimprovementofadhesionstrengthandthermalstabilityofCu/p-SiC:H/SiOC:Hfilmstackhasbeenachievedbyoptimizingthepre-cleanstepbeforecap-layerdepositionandbyformingtheCuSiN-likephase.ThiscaplayeronthesurfaceoftheCucanprovideamorecohesiveinterfaceandeffectivelysuppressCuatommigrationaswell.