简介:Completerecordsofmorethan3,000earthquakeeventsintheShanxi,WenzhoureservoirearthquakesequencewererecordedfromAugusttoNovember,2014bythehigh-density,high-resolutionmonitoringstationsoftheZhejiangRegionalDigitalSeismicNetworkandthereservoirearthquakemonitoringnetwork,withamaximummagnitudeofM4.2.Basedon3-Depicenterlocation,focalmechanismsolutions,andincombinationwiththegeologicalandtectoniccharacteristicsofthereservoirarea,theearthquakesequenceisdiscussedinthispaper.ThelinearfittingoftheHypoSATlocationresultsshowthatthemainshockoccurredintheNWtrendingfaultandtheearthquakesequenceisconcentratedinbandsalongtheactivefaults,withastrikeof305°,dippingSWwithdipangleof85°.ByusingP-wavefirstmotionsymbols,weobtainedtheaveragefocalmechanismofM≥3.5earthquakes,withastrike308°anddip84°fornodalplaneII.Thefieldgeologicalsurveyandresearchshowthatthestrike,dipandrakeofnodalplaneIIareroughlyconsistentwiththeoccurrenceoftheShuangxi-Jiaoxifault.ThecomprehensiveanalysisrevealsthattheNW-trendingShuangxi-Jiaoxifaultistheseismogenicstructureoftheearthquakes.
简介:ThetimeseriesofcoordinatesofalargenumberofGPSstationsintheworld,processedbyProf.GeoffreyBlewittwithGIPSYsoftwareareavailableathttp://geodesy.unr.edu.BasedonthetimeseriesofcoordinatesintheglobalreferenceframeofIGS08atmorethan250stationsofcontinuousGPSobservations,downloadedfromthewebsite,theco-seismicdisplacementsoftheM7.3KyushuearthquakeonApril16,2016inJapanandthepre-seismicstrainaccumulationsanddisplacementsintheregionalreferenceframewereobtained.ThestationofcontinuousGPSobservationatBJFSnearBeijinghasbeenquitestableindisplacementintheeasternpartofChinaformorethan17yearssincethebeginningofitsoperation,andthisstationisusedasthecorestationintheregionalreferenceframeforthepre-seismicdisplacementoftheKyushuearthquakeofM7.3.Themainfeatureofthepre-seismicdisplacementsoftheKyushuearthquakeischaracterizedbylockinginthecrustatandneartheepicenter.Theanomalouspre-seismicstrainaccumulationdevelopedinanareaofanomalousaccumulationoftheshearstraincomponentofγ1onthenortheastsideoftheepicenter,withincreasingsizeoftheareaandincreasingmagnitudeinγ1.Thelargestareacoveredbytheanomalousγ1isabout2000km2.ThechangeintheEcomponentatBJFSsinceNovember26,2015wascausedbythereplacementofthereceiverandtheantennaatthestation.Inordertostudytheshort-termchangeindisplacementsatstationsatandneartheepicenter,thetimeseriesat3stationswithcontinuousGPSobservations,2atSUWNandDAEJinsouthKoreaand1atBJSHnearBeijingwereanalyzed.Theanalysisshowsthatthedisplacementsatthe3stationshavebeenquitestableinthesamemannerineastAsia.Thus,BJSHisusedasthecorestationintheregionalreferenceframeofdisplacementandthedisplacementtimeseriesshowthattherewerenosignificantshorttermanomaliesbeforetheearthquake
简介:地震发生后,强震动观测台网可以获取灾区分布式台站位置的强震动记录,通过基于这些强震动记录得到的地震动参数可以快速地评估地震烈度的空间分布,以迅速判定不同地区的受灾程度,尤其是地震极震区的分布范围,为政府开展应急救援并合理地分配救援力量、物资等提供依据,以保证救援人员及时、准确地到达极震区展开搜救工作,减少人民群众的生命财产损失。本文介绍了国内外7种地震仪器的烈度计算方法,基于四川九寨沟M7.0级地震获取的强震动记录,对这7种方法的计算烈度值进行了对比分析。结果表明,各方法计算的仪器烈度与宏观烈度的差值均在1度误差范围以内,均显示了良好的实用性,且行业标准法和综合判别法两者的计算结果较为一致。
简介:Thereisageneralconsensusthatmostophiolitesformedabovesubductionzones(Pearce,2003),particularlyduringforearcextensionatsubductioninitiation(Shervais,2001;Stern,2004;WhattamandStern,2011).'Supra-Subductionzone'(SSZ)ophiolitessuchasthewell-studiedTethyanophiolites,generallydisplayacharacteristicsequentialevolutionfrommid-oceanicridgebasalts(MORBs)toislandarctholeiities(IATs)orbonites(BONs)(Pearce,2003;DilekandFurnes,2009,2011),whichweregeneratedinsequencefromthedecompressionmeltingofasthenosphericmantleandpartialmeltingofsubduction-metasomatizeddepletedmantle(SternandBloomer,1992;DilekandFurnes,2009;WhattamandStern,2011).However,ophioliteswithMORBand/oroceanic-islandbasalt(OIB)affinitiesarerare,andtheiroriginandtectonicnaturearepoorlyunderstood(Boedoetal.,2013;Saccanietal.,2013).ItisinterestingthatthecompositionoftheseophiolitesfromthecentralTibetanPlateau(CTP)isdominatedbyMORBsandminorOIBsandadistinctlackofIATsandBONs,whichisinconsistentwithmostophiolitesworldwide(RobinsonandZhou,2008;Zhangetal.,2008).Butthegenerationandtectonicnatureoftheseophiolitesarestillcontroversial.*Inthisstudy,wepresentnewgeochronological,mineralogicalandSr-NdisotopicdatafortheChayongandXiewumaficcomplexesinthewesternGarzê-Litangsuturezone(GLS),atypicalPaleo-TethyansuturecrossingtheCTP(Fig.1).TheTriassicophioliteinthewesternGLShasbeendescribedbyLietal.(2009),whofoundthatitmainlyconsistsofgabbros,diabases,pillowbasaltsandafewmetamorphicperidotites.TheophiolitehasbeentectonicallydismemberedandcropsoutinTriassicclasticrocksandlimestonesastectonicblocks.TheChayongandXiewumaficcomplexesaregenerallyregardedasimportantfragmentsoftheTriassicophiolites(e.g.,Jin,2006;Lietal.,2009).ZirconLA-ICP-MSU-Pbagesof234±3Maand236±2MacanbeinterpretedasformationtimesoftheChayongandXiewumaficcomplexes,respectively.Thebasalts
简介:2015年1-12月,采用路线调查和定点观察相结合的方法,对石龙湖国家湿地公园鸟类多样性进行调查,共记录鸟类14目40科113种,其中,有国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类8种,安徽省地方重点保护鸟类30种。鸟类季节型组成中,有留鸟37种(占32.7%),夏候鸟23种(占20.4%),冬候鸟29种(占25.7%),旅鸟24种(占21.2%)。鸟类区系组成包括古北界种57种(占50.5%)、东洋界种11种(占9.7%)和两界广布种45种(占39.8%)。在113种鸟中,有水鸟46种,其中有雁鸭类8种。该区鸟类优势种有8种,常见种31种。对鸟类数量和多样性的分析结果表明,春季、秋季鸟类种类和数量较多,鸟类多样性指数和均匀度指数也较高。在树林-灌丛、农田与草滩、芦苇(Phragmitesaustralis)荡、滩涂与鱼塘和大面积水域5类生境中,树林-灌丛中的鸟类物种数和个体数最多,多样性指数也高于其它生境;大面积水域内鸟类的物种数和个体数最少,多样性指数也最低。
简介:2016年1~12月,对河北省张家口市康巴诺尔国家湿地公园的水鸟资源进行了调查,共记录水鸟52种,隶属6目12科,其中鸻形目和雁形目水鸟在种类数上占绝对优势,分别为46.16%和36.54%;6月,水鸟数量最多,主要原因是6月为遗鸥(Larusrelictus)幼鸟出壳高峰期,遗鸥的数量明显增加;除遗鸥外,其它水鸟的数量在9月最多,但是其与8月和10月的数量无显著差异,而与其它月份的数量差异显著;除1~3月和12月该湿地公园无水鸟和11月冰封期只有极少数逗留的迁徙水鸟在此处停歇外,其它各月水鸟的种类为21~38种。2016年出现在非冰封期各月的水鸟种类和数量相对比较稳定,没有出现明显的低谷和高峰。康巴诺尔国家湿地公园因遗鸥等濒危物种数量较大,已经达到国际重要湿地的标准。
简介:孔隙结构特征及类型划分对低渗透储层勘探开发至关重要,基于多重分形理论与核磁共振实验,对东营凹陷南坡沙河街组沙四段(ES4)复杂低渗透砂岩进行孔隙结构研究。首先,根据岩心物性、铸体薄片、压汞等资料所反映的孔隙结构参数差异,将研究区的岩石孔隙结构类型划分了3大类5小类;然后,针对不同类型岩石的核磁共振T2谱进行插值并计算其对数坐标下的一维、三维分形维数以及多重分形谱,并提取多重分形参数奇异性强度α、分布稠密度f(a),结果显示孔隙结构类型不同,盒维数尤其是多重分形参数值差异明显,孔隙结构好,其a、f(a)偏向高值,以此划分孔隙结构类型与压汞、薄片分析结果基本一致;最后,将该方法应用到核磁共振测井剖面上,应用效果较好,表明多重分形是核磁共振T2谱的一种属性,利用核磁测井T2谱多重分形特征及参数能够连续较好地评价低渗透砂岩孔隙结构类型与预测有效储层。
简介:Thetyphoon,asamaturetropicalcyclonethatdevelopsinthewesternpartoftheNorthPacificOceanwithhighwindspeedandheavyrainfall,isoneofthemostlethalandcostlyofnaturaldisastersforthedenselypopulatedcountriesofEastAsia.Itcanbeeasilydetectedbyspace-bornesensorsoperatedatmicrowave,visibleorinfraredbands(Liuetal.,2014).SyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)is
简介:Aregionalsurfacecarbondioxide(CO_2)fluxinversionsystem,theTan-Tracker-Region,wasdevelopedbyincorporatinganassimilationschemeintotheCommunityMultiscaleAirQuality(CMAQ)regionalchemicaltransportmodeltoresolvefine-scaleCO_2variabilityoverEastAsia.Theproperorthogonaldecomposition-basedensemblefour-dimensionalvariationaldataassimilationapproach(POD-4DVar)isthecorealgorithmforthejointassimilationframework,andsimultaneousassimilationsofCO_2concentrationsandsurfaceCO_2fluxesareappliedtohelpreducetheuncertaintyininitialCO_2concentrations.ApersistencedynamicalmodelwasdevelopedtodescribetheevolutionofthesurfaceCO_2fluxesandhelpavoidthe'signal-to-noise'problem;thus,CO_2fluxescouldbeestimatedasawholeatthemodelgridscale,withbetteruseofobservationinformation.Theperformanceoftheregionalinversionsystemwasevaluatedthroughagroupofsingle-observation-basedobservingsystemsimulationexperiments(OSSEs).TheresultsoftheexperimentssuggestthatareliableperformanceofTan-Tracker-Regionisdependentoncertainassimilationparameterchoices,forexample,anoptimizedwindowlengthofapproximately3h,anensemblesizeofapproximately100,andacovariancelocalizationradiusofapproximately320km.Thisisprobablyduetothestrongdiurnalvariationandspatialheterogeneityinthefine-scaleCMAQsimulation,whichcouldaffecttheperformanceoftheregionalinversionsystem.Inaddition,becauseallobservationscanbeartificiallyobtainedinOSSEs,theperformanceofTan-Tracker-RegionwasfurtherevaluatedthroughdifferentdensitiesoftheartificialobservationnetworkindifferentCO_2fluxsituations.TheresultsindicatethatmoreobservationsiteswouldbeusefultosystematicallyimprovetheestimationofCO_2concentrationandfluxinlargeareasoverthemodeldomain.TheworkpresentedhereformsafoundationforfutureresearchinwhichathoroughestimationofCO_2fluxvariability
简介:于2016年6-11月,在辽河口盘锦市湿地科学研究所基地的芦苇(Phragmitesaustralis)盐沼、笔架岭的盐地碱蓬(Suaedasalsa)盐沼和光滩中,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,采集气体样品,在实验室中,测量和计算出气样的CO2浓度,估算CO2排放通量;分析CO2排放通量与土壤温度、氧化还原电位、pH和电导率等环境因子的关系。结果表明,辽河口芦苇盐沼、盐地碱蓬盐沼(涨潮前)和光滩(涨潮前)CO2排放通量平均值分别为(1187.7±649.0)mg/(m^2·h)、(362.4±146.1)mg/(m^2·h)和(91.1±21.1)mg/(m^2·h)。3种类型湿地CO2排放通量差异显著(n=24,p〈0.01),芦苇盐沼CO2排放通量最高,光滩的CO2排放通量最低。在涨潮中,盐地碱蓬盐沼和光滩的CO2排放通量平均值分别为(127.9±90.9)mg/(m^2·h)和(45.8±21.1)mg/(m^2·h),显著低于涨潮前的CO2排放通量(n=24,p〈0.01)。各类型湿地CO2排放通量与土壤电导率显著负相关(n=24,p〈0.01),说明土壤盐分是影响不同类型湿地CO2排放通量的关键环境因子。