简介:WeusedearthquakecatalogsrecordedbyGuangdongSeismologicalNetworkfrom2008to2014toresolvethespatialvariationsofb-valuesinthecoastalareaofGuangdong,particularlyinthreekeyresearchareas(Yangjiang,Heyuan,andoffshoreNanaoIsland)withstrongseismicity.Ourresultsrevealedthatb-valuesexhibitedsignificantspatialvariations,andzoneswithlowb-valuescouldindicatethemostlikelyseismogenicareaoflargeearthquakes.Weobservedthreeclearlowb-valuepatchesintheoffshoreNanaoIsland.Wefoundadistincthighb-valuepeakatthedepthof11kmandtwominimumpeaksatabout14and7–8kmintheYangjiangarea.Theoverallb-valuesgenerallydecreasewithdepthintheHeyuanarea.Thespatialvariationsofb-valuesreflecttectonicanomalies;thatis,the‘low-high-low’distributionofb-valuesintheoffshoreNanaoIslandandtheYangjiangareamayindicatetheanomalyofthecrustalstructurewithaweaklayer.Theb-valuesofreservoir-inducedseismicityareobviouslylowerthanthatinducedbytectonism.Thisfindingindicatesthatthereservoirareaisgenerallyathighstressstateundertheconditionofhighporepressure.Weinferredthatlargeearthquakesmightbepronetooccurat10–12kmdepthintheoffshoreNanaoIsland,at12–15kmdepthintheYangjiangarea,andatthelowerpartoftheseismicactivityzoneintheHeyuanarea.Moreover,theupstreamareaoftheXinfengjiangreservoiristhemostlikelyareaoffuturelargeearthquakesintheHeyuanarea.
简介:b值是研究地震活动的重要指标,其广泛应用于地震危险性分析和地震预测研究之中,与实际资料的完整性、样本量的大小、计算方法等因素有着重要的关系。常见的b值计算方法有最小二乘法和最大似然法,样本量的大小对这2种方法影响很大。本文利用蒙特卡罗模拟地震目录和汾渭地震带实际目录作为样本,从中抽取不同大小的样本量进行计算,研究不同样本量下这2种方法计算得到的b值与设定值或真实值之间的差别。结果表明,最小二乘法需要的最低样本量为1000,最大似然法为200;当样本量达不到要求时,计算出的b值是不可靠的;由于对样本量的要求不同,前者适用于计算区域的整体b值,而后者在研究某区域b值在时间轴上的变化方面更有优势。本研究为确定2种b值计算方法对样本量的最低要求提供了参考依据。
简介:SongkeWellNo.2,oneofthemainpartofthescientificdrillingprojectinSongliaoBasin,whichwasdrilled7018mandacquiredthepartofcorescontinuouslyfromtheLowCretaceoustotheCarboniferousandthePermianfromthe2843mdeep,canbeconsideredasthedeepestcontinentaldrillingprojectinAsia.Aimingatthefeaturesoflongerwellsections,largerdiametersandmultiplespud-insforcoringofSongkeWellNo.2,thisprojectbrokethroughthe"coringinsmalldiameterandreaminginlargediameter"spud-indrilling-completionprocedureswhicharealwaysusedinlarge-diameter-wellcoringforcontinentalscientificdrillingprojectsindomesticandoverseasandthedrillingmethodofshort-singlecylinderroundtripfootage.Atthesametime,"coringinthesamediameterandcompletingdrillingatonesinglediameter"wasachievedatallφ311mmandφ216mmcoringsectionsofmorethanonethousandmeterslong,high-efficientoperationwith"drillinglongfootagewithdrilltoolscombinedinmulticylinders"wasachievedatdeepcoringsection.Fourworlddrillingrecordswerecreatedwhichincludemorethanathousandmeterscontinuouscoringatφ311mm,andthefootageperroundtripfootageatφ311mm,φ216mmandφ152mmisallmorethan30m,allofthesebreakthroughsreducedatleast300daysforthisproject;moreover,consideringthecharacteristicsofformationsthatthegeothermalgradientishighinthedrilledsectionsandtheinside-welltemperatureisover240℃afterdrillingcompletion,aformate-polymerwater-basedmudsystemwasdevelopedbycompoundingattapulgiteandsodiumbentoniteandbyaddingindependentlydevelopedhigh-temperaturestabilizer,whichcanprovidecriticaltechnicalsupportforsuccessfulwellcompletionat7018minthesuper-high-temperatureenvironmentItisthefirsttimethatthewater-basedmudisoperatedattheworkingtemperaturehigherthan240℃inChina;Besides,consideringthehigh-qualityrequirementoncoresimposedbytheproject,themethod"mechanicalcor
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简介:基于降水与地形起伏之间的非平稳关系,结合有限的观测降水数据,利用GWR回归模型,对贵州喀斯特山区的TRMM3B43降水资料进行降尺度和校准,最终得到空间分辨率为1km×1km的降水量分布数据并进行了验证。结果显示:(1)考虑地形起伏和降水空间非平稳性的GWR模型,提高了贵州喀斯特山区TRMM3B43遥感降水资料的空间分辨率和准确度。(2)不同时间尺度的验证结果表明,在与观测降水的相关统计中,TRMM降尺度降水具有较TRMM3B43降水更高的统计精度和更小的误差,更接近于地面观测降水;该降尺度算法在贵州降水较少的时间尺度更加接近真实值。(3)当TRMM3B43可以被重采样的地形起伏度(RDLS)进行准确预测时,TRMM3B43的精度是GWR降尺度算法中的主要误差源;当区域的降水与地形起伏弱相关或无关时,应考虑引入其他影响降水的空间变量来修正这一空间非平稳性关系。
简介:ConflictingresultshavebeenpresentedregardingthelinkbetweenArcticsea-icelossandmidlatitudecooling,partic-ularlyoverEurasia.Thisstudyanalyzesuncoupled(atmosphere-only)andcoupled(ocean-atmosphere)simulationsbytheClimateForecastSystem,version2(CFSv2),toexaminethislinkageduringtheNorthernHemispherewinter,focusingonthesimulationoftheobservedsurfacecoolingtrendoverEurasiaduringthelastthreedecades.TheuncoupledsimulationsareAtmosphericModelIntercomparisonProject(AMIP)runsforcedwithmeanseasonalcyclesofseasurfacetemperature(SST)andseaice,usingcombinationsofSSTandseaicefromdifferenttimeperiodstoassesstherolethateachplaysindividually,andtoassesstheroleofatmosphericinternalvariability.Coupledrunsareusedtofurtherinvestigatetheroleofinternalvariabilitvviatheanalysisofinitializednredictionsandtheevolutionoftheforecastwithleadtime.
简介:以闽江河口感潮段塔礁洲野慈姑(SagittariatrifoliaL.)淡水湿地为研究对象,2015年12月—2016年10月每月小潮日定期向试验样地施加0、60和120kgS·hm-2·a-1的K2SO4溶液,探讨闽江河口感潮段淡水湿地CO_2排放通量特征对SO_4~(2-)沉降的响应,并同步观测主要环境因子。结果表明,1)对照(CK)和2个SO_4~(2-)沉降处理CO_2排放通量具有相似的月变化动态,夏秋季节排放通量较高,冬春较低。2)除夏季60kgS·hm-2·a-1的SO_4~(2-)输入显著降低CO_2排放通量外(P〈0.05),2种SO_4~(2-)处理均未显著影响河口感潮段淡水湿地CO_2排放通量(P〉0.05)。3)相关分析显示,不同处理下的CO_2排放通量与土壤温度显著正相关(P〈0.01)。
简介:渤中34-2/4油田位于渤海南部海域,属于中低孔-低渗、特低渗储层,采用普通射孔作业时,聚能射孔弹射孔后形成射孔压实带,严重影响油井产能。结合该油田储层特点,采用外置式复合射孔技术对低孔、低渗地层进行补孔增产作业。该技术是一种新型复合火药射孔技术,由起爆、传爆、聚能射孔、气体压裂、井下做功数据实时采集系统,以及地面数据处理系统组成,具有动态超正压破缝的特点,施工作业前采用模拟技术软件优化射孔方案,施工过程中采用井下高速压力计实时监测压力变化,施工后采用三维声波测试仪检测施工效果。在BZ34-2/4-B7井现场应用表明,该技术对低孔、低渗储层改造效果显著,日产液由2~4m3提高到28m3,且作业简单,安全可靠,可为海上同类储层的开采提供借鉴。
简介:我国高分系列卫星数据因具有重访周期短、价格低廉、精度较高的特点,在矿山开发监测工作中得到了广泛的应用。本文在深入了解高分二号卫星数据特征的基础上,以甘肃永登县为例,利用机器学习模型中支持向量机算法(SupportVectorMachine,SVM)自动提取矿山开发信息,在处理的遥感影像上进行样本采集,借Matlab平台对样本及影像数据进行归一化、降维处理(PCA)。利用SVM模型进行信息自动提取过程中,选取径向基核函数(RBF),运用量子粒子群算法进行参数寻优,最终对提取结果进行野外调查。查证结果表明利用SVM模型进行矿山开发信息自动提取是可行的。该研究为国产数据在矿山监测应用中提供了新的思路。
简介:持续城市的排水系统沿着道路并且在城市的区域被造收集城市的流量并且避免泛滥,并且过滤水污染物质。流量收集的沉积在stormwater盆被扔,日益增多地,还原剂浇渗入效率,导致堵塞盆。为了更好帮助stormwater盆经理和股东,理解并且预言堵塞率以便详细描述维护计划和时间表,水运输预言模型是必要的。然而因为在stormwater盆内的异构的沉积水动力学性质,一二维(2-D)水流动模型被要求尽可能精确地预言水层次和可能的溢出。浸透的水力的电导率(K)和保留弄弯的沉积水在stormwater盆的全面沉积层被测量,除了沉积层厚度和有机物内容(11个采样点)。沉积深度被用来预言有机物(OM)内容,并且OM被用来预言K。在盆的水高度被考虑沉积水动力学性质分发与HYDRUS-2D模型一起建模。HYDRUS-2D模型给了测量数据的一个令人满意的代表。stormwater盆沉积的水力的性质的情形随着时间的过去被测试,并且水力的抵抗,R,被计算估计stormwater盆表演。在20年工作以后,目前,stormwater盆仍然保证有效的水渗入,而是第一流出(水力的抵抗,R>24h))被期望出现在下一5年里,并且堵塞R>47h)在下一13年里。这个2-D水平衡模型使集成stormwater盆的水动力学异质可能。更好预言2-D/3-D沾染物运输给有趣的观点。
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简介:利用CMIP5耦合气候模式的模拟结果,分析了不同排放情景下1.5℃和2℃升温阈值出现的时间。多模式集合平均结果表明:RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5排放情景下,全球地表温度将分别在2029年、2028年和2025年达到1.5℃升温阈值;RCP2.6情景下直至21世纪末期都未达到2℃升温阈值,RCP4.5和RCP8.5排放情景下达到2℃升温阈值的时间分别为2048年和2040年。伴随着排放情景的升高,完成从1.5℃升温阈值到2℃升温阈值所需要的时间缩短。区域尺度上,达到同一升温阈值的时间主要表现为陆地比海洋早,且陆地对排放情景差异的敏感性相对较差,而海洋达到升温阈值的时间则随着排放情景的升高而明显提前。中国达到相应升温阈值的时间要早于全球,且以东北和西北地区出现的时间最早。
简介:TheeffectsofBacillussubtilis2-1fromtheintestineofhealthyseacucumberonthegrowth,digestiveenzymeactivitiesandintestinalmicrobiotaofjuvenileseacucumber(Apostichopusjaponicus)weredeterminedinthepresentstudy.SeacucumberwasfedwithSargassumthunbergiipowdersupplementedwithB.subtilis2-1atdifferentconcentrationsvaryingamong0(control),105,107,and109CFUg-1for8weeks.ResultsshowedthatthegrowthperformanceandintestinalamylaseandtrypsinactivitiesweresignificantlyincreasedbydietaryB.subtilis2-1at109CFUg?1(P<0.05).However,dietaryB.subtilis2-1hadnosignificantinfluenceonthelipaseactivityinseacucumber(P>0.05).Thepolymerasechainreactiondenaturinggradientgelelectrophoresisand16SrRNAgenesequencinganalysisindicatedthatdietaryB.subtilis2-1at105and107CFUg-1inhibitedmostoftheProteobacteriaincludingthoseingenusVibrio.DietaryB.subtilis2-1at109CFUg-1notonlydecreasedtheabundanceandspeciesofgenusVibrio,butalsoincreasedtheintensityofgeneraPsychrobacterandBacillus.AspecificdosageofdietaryB.subtilis2-1couldincreasethegrowthandmodulatetheintestinalmicrobiotaofseacucumber;thusitmightbeanovelprobioticforkeepingthehealthofseacucumber.
简介:Irregularsurfaceflattening,whichisbasedonaboundaryconforminggridandthetransformationbetweencurvilinearandCartesiancoordinatesystems,isamathematicalmethodthatcanelegantlyhandleirregularsurfaces,buthasbeenlimitedtoobtainingfirstarrivalsonly.Bycombiningamultistageschemewiththefast-sweepingmethod(FSM,themethodtoobtainfirst-arrivaltraveltimeincurvilinearcoordinates),thereflectedwavesfromacrustalinterfacecanbetracedinatopographicmodel,inwhichthereflectedwavefrontisobtainedbyreinitializingtraveltimesintheinterfaceforupwindbranches.Alocaltriangulationisappliedtomakeaconnectionbetweenvelocityandinterfacenodes.Thenajointinversionoffirst-arrivalandreflectiontraveltimesforimagingseismicvelocitystructuresincomplexterrainsispresented.Numericalexamplesallperformwellwithdifferentseismicvelocitymodels.Theincreasingtopographiccomplexityandevenuseofahighcurvaturereflectorinthesemodelsdemonstratethereliability,accuracyandrobustnessofthenewworkingscheme;checkerboardtestingillustratesthemethod’shighresolution.Noisetolerancetestingindicatesthemethod’sabilitytoyieldpracticaltraveltimetomography.Furtherdevelopmentofthemultistageschemewillallowotherlaterarrivalstobetracedandusedinthetraveltimeinversion.