简介：Thispaperputsforwardanewconception:modelwarehouse,analyzesthereasonwhymodelwarehouseappearsandintroducesthecharacteristicsandarchitectureofmodelwarehouse.Last,thispaperpointsoutthatmodelwarehouseisanimportantpartofWebGIS.

简介：Theresearchworkhasbeenseldomdoneaboutcloverleafjunctionexpressionina3-dimensionalcitymodel(3DCM).Themainreasonisthatthecloverleafjunctionisofteninacomplexandenormousconstruction.Itsmainbodyisbestraddleinair,andhasaerialintersectionsbetweenitsparts.Thiscomplexfeaturemadecloverleafjunctionquitedifferentfrombuildingsandterrain,therefore,itisdifficulttoexpressthiskindofspatialobjectsinthesamewayasforbuildingsandterrain.Inthispaper,authorsanalyzespatialcharacteristicsofcloverleafjunction,proposeanall-constraintpointsTINalgorithmtopartitioncloverleafjunctionroadsurface,anddevelopamethodtovisualizecloverleafjunctionroadsurfaceusingTIN.Inordertomanagecloverleafjunctiondataefficiently,theauthorsalsoanalyzedthemechanismof3DCMdatamanagement,extendedBLOBtypeinrelationaldatabase,andcombinedR-treeindextomanage3Dspatialdata.Basedonthisextension,anappropriatedatastructur

简介：TheLAGFD-WAMwavemodelisathirdgenerationwavemodel.Inthepresentpaperthephysicalaspectofthemodelwasshowningreatdetailincludingenergyspectrumbalanceequation,complicatedcharacteristicsequationsandsourcefunctions.

简介：Theauthorsmakeanendeavortoexplainwhyanewhybridwavemodelishereproposedwhenseveralsuchmodelshavealreadybeeninoperationandtheso-calledthirdgenerationwavemodejisprovingattractive.Thispartofthepaperisdevotedtothewindwavemodel.Bothdeepandshallowwatermodelshavebeendeveloped,theformerbeingactuallyaspecialcaseofthelatterwhenwaterdepthisgreat.Thedeepwatermodelisexceptionallysimpleinform.Significantwaveheightistheonlyprognosticvariable.Incomparisonwiththeusualmethodstocomputetheenergyinputanddissipationsempiricallyorby"tuning",theproposedmodelhasthemeritthattheeffectsofallsourcetermsarecombinedintoonetermwhichiscomputedthroughempiricalgrowthrelationsforsignificantwaves,theserelationsbeing,relativelyspeaking,easierandmorereliabletoobtainthanthoseforthesourcetermsinthespectralenergybalanceequation.Thediscretepartofthemodelandtheimplementationofthemode

简介：在黄河盆上的流速及流水量用摘要(为影响研究的提供的地区性的气候)被模仿开车由的地区性的气候模型15年(19791993)起始、侧面的边界条件和离线的大规模路由当模特儿的ECMWF分析数据(LRM)。LRM使用物理集水和河隧道信息并且允许流速及流水量与1°×为大大陆河被预言1°空间分辨率。结果证明PRECIS模型能在黄河盆上复制一般东南到降水的西北坡度分发。PRECISLRM模型联合有能力在黄河盆上模仿季节、年度的流速及流水量。模仿的流速及流水量在预定并且在大小与采纳流速及流水量通常是重合的。

简介：Reliablequantitativeestimationofbedaggradationordegradationisimportantforriver-trainingandwatermanagementprojects.Withthedevelopmentofwaterresources,sedimentproblemsassociatedwithadamarebecomingmoresevere.Thispaperdescribessomespecialproblemsinmathematicalmodelforcalculationofdegradationandaggradationinareservoir.Themaineffortsofthisstudyareonthetreatmentofsomephysicalprocessesoffinesedimenttransport(＜0.05mm).Problemsinareservoirareobviouslydifferentfromanaturalstream,suchastheturbidcurrentflow,orificesedimentflushing;andtheinitiationandconsolidationofcohesivesedimentdeposition.ThecaseofLiujiaxiaReservoir,whichislocatedintheupperreachesoftheYellowRiver,isemployedtoverifythemodel.Theresultsshowthatthemodelisapplicableintheevaluationofanengineeringplaningwithplentyoffinesedimentmovement.

简介：Thispaperpresentsasemiparametricadjustmentmethodsuitableforgeneralcases.Assumingthattheregularizermatrixispositivedefinite,thecalculationmethodisdiscussedandthecorrespondingformulaearepresented.Finally,asimulatedadjustmentproblemisconstructedtoexplainthemethodgiveninthispaper,TheresultsfromthesemiparametricmodelandG-Mmodelarecompared.Theresultsdemonstratethatthemodelerrorsorthesystematicerrorsoftheobservationscanbedetectedcorrectlywiththesemiparametricestimatemethod.

简介：ByusingthesimulationresultsofanAGCM,whichhadbeenrunfrom1945to1993forcedbyCOADSSST,theinterdecadalvariabilityofthemodelatmospherewasinvestigatedandcomparedwiththatofNCEPreanalysisdata.Itwasfoundthat,interdecadalvariabilityexistssignificantlyinboththetropicalPacificwindfieldsandthemid-highlatitudeatmosphericcirculationofthemodelatmosphere.Thetendencyoftimevariationandspatialdistributionsoftheinterdecadalvariabilityofthemodelatmospherearebasicallyconsistentwithobservation.Relativetothemid-highlatitudeatmosphericcirculation,thesimulationoftropicalPacificwindismoresatisfying,whichsuggeststhatanomalousvariationofSSTisstillthemainfactorfortheinterdecadalvariabilityoftropicalPacificwind.Itmighthavemoresignificantinfluenceonthetropicalwindthanonthemid-highlatitudeatmosphere.However,thereisstillobviousdifferencebetweenthesimulationandobservation.Theycouldbeattributedtoboththesimulationcapabilityofthemodelandabsenceofotherfactorsinthemodelwhichareimportantfortheinterdecadalclimatevariation.

简介：-Inthispaperasimpleandefficientimplicitfinite-differenceschemeisusedfordepth-averagedtwo-dimensionalstormsurgemodel.Thisfinite-differenceschemeissimplerandmoreefficientthanthewi-dely-usedADIscheme.Accuracyanalysisandstabilityanalysisindicatethattheschemehastwo-orderac-curacyandisunconditionallystablewhenthegridsizeisconstant.ThepresentanalysisresultsshowthattheschemeisofhighernumericalaccuracythanthatintroducedbyMaa(1990).Aftertestedbyidealmod-els,acalculationexampleofarealtyphoonsurgeiscarriedout,theresultsofthenumericalsimulationco-incidewellwiththeobserveddataandtheaccuracyissufficientforengineeringapplications.

简介：Inordertosetupaconceptualdatamodelthatreflectstherealworldasaccuratelyaspossible,thispaperfirstlyreviewsandanalyzesthedisadvantagesofpreviousconceptualdatamodelsusedbytraditionalGISinsimulatinggeographicspace,givesanewexplanationtogeographicspaceandanalyzesitsvariousessentialcharacteristics.Finally,thispaperproposesseveraldetailedkeypointsfordesigninganewtypeofGISdatamodelandgivesasimpleholisticGISdatamodel.

简介：RPC模型最近在摄影测量学和遥感社区提起了可观的兴趣。RPC是能够完成高近似精确性的一个概括传感器模型。不幸地，RPC模型的参数的计算服从于在所有可得到的文学的参数起始。为没有起始的价值的RPC模型的参数的计算的一个算法在SPOT-5上被介绍并且测试，CBERS-2，ERS-1imageries。RPC模型对推扫帚和SAR形象合适。

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简介：Anonlinearshort-wave-averaged(surfbeat)modelispresented.ThemodelisbasedonthatofRoelvink(1993),butthenumericaltechniquesusedinthesolutionarebasedontheso-calledweighted-averagedflux(WAF)method(egWatsonetal.,1992),withtime-operatorsplittingusedforthetreatmentofsomeofthesourceterms.Thismethodallowsasmallnumberofcomputationalpointstobeused,andisparticularlyefficientinmodellingbreakinglongwaves.Theshort-wave(orprimary-wave)energyequationissolvedusingamoretraditionalLax-Wendrofftechnique.Resultsofvalidationindicatethatthemodelperformssatisfactorilyinmostrespects.

简介：AsimplecyclicelastoplasticconstitutivemodelforsandisproposedbasedontheUHmodelforoverconsolidatedclay.Theproposedmodelhasthefollowingfeatures.First,inordertodescribethestress-inducedanisotropyinsand,arotationalhardeningruleisintroducedfortheevolutionoftheyieldsurfaceaxiswithdevelopmentofplasticdeviatoricstrainintheprincipalstressspace.Second,therelationshipbetweentherotationalaxisandstress-inducedanisotropyismodeledbyintroducingtheslopeofrotationalaxisintotheyieldfunction.Theflatnessoftheyieldsurfacecanbedeterminedbytheslopeofrotationalaxis.Finally,arevisedunifiedhardeningparameterisproposedtoincorporatethestress-inducedanisotropy.Themodelcapabilityindescribingthecyclicresponseofsandisverifiedbycomparingthesimulationswithavailabletestresults.

简介：Inthefirstpartofthepresentpaperwehaveexplainedwhywemanagetoformulateanotherwavepredictionmodelwhensomanyofthem,includingtheso-calledthirdgenerationmodel,havealreadybeeninuse.Thewind-wavepartoftheproposedmodelhasalsobeengiven.Nowweproceedtodiscusstheswellpart,theimplementationofthemodelasapredictionmethod,mumericalexperimentsdonewithidealwindfieldsandhindcastsmadeintheBohaiSea,intheneighboringseasadjacenttoChinaandintheNorthwestPacific.

简介：TheperformanceofalinearresuspensionmodeldevelopedintheBalticSeawasstudiedintheconditionsofaeutrophicLakeKirkkoj(a|¨)rvi(southernFinland).Themodelpredictssedimentresuspensionrateusingdataonvegetationcover,windandsedimentqualityasaninput.Whentheoriginalmodelcoefficientswereused,themodelresultedonaverage1.8foldoverestimationoftheresuspensionrateinKirkkoj(a|¨)rvi.Thiswasduetolowerfetchandwaterdepth,andlessconsolidatedsedimentofKirkkoj(a|¨)rvicomparedwiththeBalticSeastudysite.WhencoefficientswereadjustedforKirkkoj(a|¨)rvi,themodelpredictionswere1.1timesthemeasuredvalues.Duetothecontinuousresuspension,theeffectofthewindterminthemodelwassolowthatitcouldbeexcludedwithoutaffectingtheaccuracyofmodelpredictions.Thestudydemonstratedthatinashalloweutrophiclakeaccuratepredictionsonresuspensionratecanbemadeusingonlydataonsedimentqualityandonfactorsinhibitingresuspension(macrophytes).Themodelresidualsincreasedwithincreasingresuspensionrateandhighratesofresuspensionwereunderestimatedbythemodel.DuetothefluffysedimentinKirkkoj(a|¨)rvi,erosionofsedimentincreasesmorethanlinearwithincreasingshearstress.Thusinsuchconditions,evenbetterpredictionscouldbeachievedbyanon-linearresuspensionmodel.

简介：A2-Dslab-symmetricmodelofmixedconvective-stratiformcloudisdevelopedbysuperimposingconvectivecloud-sizefieldontheconvergencefield,inordertosimulateandstudythemixedcloudsconsistingofstratiformcloudandconvectivecloud.Adeepconvective,anelasticandconservativesystemofequationswithbasicvariables(V,θ,π’)issolvedbyanewmethodtocalculatedynamicfield.Thewatersubstanceinthecloudisdividedinto6categoriesandthemicrophysicalprocessesaredescribedinspectrumwithtwovariableparametersandmorereasonableparticlenumber/sizedistributions.Tocomparewithmeasuredradarechointensityandstructure,themodelmaycalculateechointensityofthemodelcloudobservedbyradar.

简介：Inthispaper,thej,υcorrectedformulaeoftheamplitudesandthephasesof58astronomicalconstituentsaregiven,andthemodelsfortheanalysisandpredictionof169constituentsarepresented.ThenewCartwright’scalculatedresultsofthetidalpotentialareused,andthequadraticanalysisismade.Ithasbeenprovedbyanumberoftrialsthattheharmonicconstantsofconstituentsaremorestableandtheaccuracyofthepredictedresultreliable.

简介：ＢｉｎｏｍｉａｌｍｏｄｅｌｏｎｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｒｉｓｋａｎａｌｙｓｉｓＪｉａｎＷＡＮＧ（王健）ａｎｄＺｈｅｎ－ＬｉａｎｇＳＨＩ（时振梁）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＳｔａｔｅＳｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢｕｒｅａｕ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１００...

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