简介：Thepresentworkprovidesanovelmethodforcalculatingverticalvelocitybasedoncontinuityequationsinapressurecoordinatesystem.Themethodovercomesthedisadvantageofaccumulationofcalculatingerrorsofhorizontaldivergenceincurrentkinematicsmethodsduringtheintegrationforcalculatingverticalvelocity,andconsequentlyavoidsitssubsequentcorrection.Inaddition,throughmodificationsofthecontinuityequations,itshowsthatthevorticityoftheverticalshearvector(VVSV)isproportionalto-ω,theverticalvelocityinpcoordinates.Furthermore,ifthechangeofωinthehorizontaldirectionisneglected,thevorticityofthehorizontalvorticityvectorisproportionalto-ω.Whenωisunderafluctuatingstateintheverticaldirection,theupdraftoccurswhenthevectorofhorizontalvorticityrotatescounterclockwise;thedowndraftoccurswhenrotatingclockwise.ThevalidationresultindicatesthatthepresentmethodisgenerallybetterthantheverticalvelocitycalculatedbytheωequationusingthewetQ-vectordivergenceasaforcingterm,andtheverticalvelocitycalculatedbyutilizingthekinematicsmethodisfollowedbytheO’Brienmethodforcorrection.Theplus-minussignoftheverticalvelocityobtainedwiththismethodisnotcorrelatedwiththeintensityofdBZ,buttheabsoluteerrorincreaseswhendBZis>=40.Thismethoddemonstratesthatitisagoodreflectionofthedirectionoftheverticalvelocity.

简介：Usingreal-timedataandtheWRFmesoscalemodel,aheavyraineventintheprocessofMesoscaleConvectiveComplex(MCC)turningintobandedMesoscaleConvectiveSystems(MCSs)during18-19June2010issimulatedandanalyzedinthispaper.Theresultsindicatedthattheformationandmaintenanceofasouthwestvortexandshearlineat850hPawasthemesoscalesystemthataffectedtheproductionofthisheavyrain.Thelow-vortexheavyrainmainlyhappenedinthedevelopmentstageofMCC,andthecircularMCCturnedintobandedMCSsinthelatestagewithmainlyshearlineprecipitation.Inthevicinityofrainfallarea,theintensehorizontalvorticityduetotheverticalshearofuandvcausedtherotation,andincorrespondence,theascendingbranchoftheverticalcirculationtriggeredtheformationofheavyrain.Thedifferentdistributionsofuandvintheverticaldirectionproducedvaryingverticalcirculations.Thehorizontalvorticitynearthelow-vortexandshearlinehadobviousdifferenceswhichledtovaryingreasonsforheavyrainformation.Thelow-vortexheavyrainwasmainlycausedbytheverticalshearofv,andtheshearlinerainfallformedowingtotheverticalshearofbothuandv.Inthisprocess,theverticalshearofvconstitutedtheEW-trendingrainbandalongtheshearline,andthelatitudinalnon-uniformityoftheverticalshearinucausedtheverticalmotion,whichwascloselyrelatedtothegenerationanddevelopmentofMCSsattheshearlineandtheformationofmultiplerainclusters.Therewasalsoasimilardifferenceinthepositively-tiltingterm(conversionfromhorizontalvorticitytoverticalpositivevorticity)neartherainfallcenterbetweenthelow-vortexandtheshearline.Theconversioninthelowvortexwasmainlydeterminedbyбv/бp<0,whilethatoftheshearlinebyбu/бp<0.Thescaleoftheconversionfromthehorizontalvorticitytoverticalvorticitywasrelativelysmall,anditwaseasilyignoredintheaveragedstate.Thetwistingtermwasmainlyconducivetothereinfor

简介：在有高地震的危险的地点的风汽轮机的宽推广导致了工程师考虑如此的结构的一个更全面的地震图案。汽轮机特定的指南通常使用简化方法并且认为许多假设把地震需求与完成这些结构的设计的另外的运作的负担相结合。当汽轮机在尺寸和能力增加，在地震负担和空气动力学的负担之间的相互作用变得甚至更重要。响应对能执行风和地震负担的联合模拟的一个计算工具的需要，一个地震模块为快代码被开发并且在这描述了研究。这个平台允许在这工业工作直接考虑在之间的相互作用的工程师地震并且为汽轮机的另外的环境负担。这篇论文详细说明这个平台的实际应用程序和理论并且为不同能力的使用提供例子。站台然后被用来与由估计适当负担因素的空气动力学的抑制的含蓄的考虑显示出合适的地震和运作的负担联合。