简介:Steelmakingisenergyandmaterialintensive.Thatiswhysteelisalwaysdemonizedandconfrontedwithincriminationsandrequirementsforreductionofitsenvironmentalimpact.Thosepuredemands-likeforemissiontradingareshort-sightedastheydonotbaseonanintegratedapproach.InsteadtheymerelyconsiderCO2emissionsduringtheproductionprocess.Aforward-looking,globalclimateandenvironmentalpolicyneedsasustainablelifecycleapproach.Thereforeitmustforexamplealsotakeintoaccountthecontributionofsteeltowardscuttingemissionsinitsapplication-intheenergy.automotiveandhouseholdsectors.Steelwillplayakeyroleinclimateprotection.One-thirdoftheremainingCO2reductiontargetplannedinGermanyby2020canonlybeachievedwiththehelpofinnovativesteelproductsandtheirapplications.ThisistheconclusionofanindependentstudybyTheBostonConsultingGroup(BCG)onbehalfofSteelInstituteVDEh,andGermanSteelFederation.ThestudycomparesCO2savingsfromimportantinnovativesteelapplications(suchasmoreefficientpowerstations,windturbines,orlightervehicles)withCO2emissionscausedbysteelproduction.Byadoptingthiscomprehensiveperspective,thestudyforthefirsttimeprovidesaCO2balanceforthematerialsteelbycomparingtheCO2reductionsmadepossiblethroughinnovativesteelapplicationswiththeCO2emissionsresultingfromsteelproduction.ThebalancewascalculatedonthebasisofeightselectedinnovativesteelapplicationsinGermanyfortheperiod2007to2020,wherebytheCO2emissionscausedbysteelproductionwereconsideredthroughouttheentirelifecycleoftheparticularsteeluse.Fortheselectedexamples,theuseofinnovativesteelsresultedinatotalsavingspotentialof74MtofCO2in2020.Thecalculationsarebasedonconservativeassumptions;forexamplewithoutcountingofpotentialsbyexportedsteelorbycomparisonwithcompetitivematerials.TheproductionofsteelinGermany,includingtheextractiono
简介:CO2emissionofthesteelindustrytakesupagreatproportionofthetotalemissionoftheworld.ItisnecessarytoreducetheCO2intensityofsteelproductsinordertosaveenergy,protecttheenvironmentandkeepasustainabledevelopmentinthesteelindustry.Basedontheresearchofsteelproducts'lifecycleinventory,thosewhoconductedthisresearchhavefocusedontheanalysisofCO2emissionfactorsandmeasures.Adoptingthelifecycleinventorymodelofacertainsteelmakingsite,togetherwiththeTornadoChart,theresearchershaveidentifiedsignificantfactors,providedsomeexplanation,andsuggestedsomepossiblemeasurestoreduceCO2emission.TheresultshaveshownthatthemostimportantfactorsaretheCO2intensityofblastfurnacegas(BFG),hotmetalratioofbasicoxygenfurnace(BOF)andthematerialutilizationefficiency.Accordingly,somemeasuressuchasremovingCO2inBFG,decreasingthehotmetalproportioninBOF,andimprovematerialutilizationefficiencyineachprocess,maybetakentodecreaseCO2emission.
简介:利用粉末冶金方法研制了Sm(CobalFe0.24Cu0.08Zr0.027)7.0,Sm(CpbalFe0.27Cu0.05Zr0.027)7.0,Sm(CobalFe0.26Cu0.05Zr0.026)7.03种高温永磁,并对其磁性能、温度稳定性和显微结构进行了分析.结果表明:样品Sm(CobalFe0.27Cu0.05Zr0.027)7.0具有最高的内禀矫顽力(2165.6kA·m-1)和最大磁能积(212.0kA·m-3);3种磁体的温度系数都较低,最高使用温度均在400℃以上,大大高于一般商用磁体;增加Sm,Co,Cu的含量和减少Fe的含量可以提高材料的温度稳定性.X射线分析表明,合金中含有Sm2(Co,Fe)17主相,Sm(Co,Cu)5相,含Zr化合物等.Sm(Co,Cu)5相、单质Zr、晶粒边界等钉扎畴壁,使合金具有较高的矫顽力.
简介:RE-dopedNi-basedcatalystswerepreparedbysol-gelmethod.ThesecatalystswereappliedtothereactionofCO2reformingCH4tosyngas.ThestudiesrevealthatRE-doped(RE=La,Ce,Sm,Yb)Ni-basedcatalystsshowhighercatalyticactivitythanundopedNi-basedcatalyst,andwiththeincreasingofRE-dopedquantity,thecatalyticactivityofcatalystsexhibitsregularchanges.WhenRE-dopedquantityis0.2%(molarratio),thecatalystsshowthebestcatalyticactivity.
简介:混合氧化物(Ce0.6Zr0.4O2)由帮助微波的加热一起沉淀准备了的CeO2-ZrO2被用作支持经由早期湿的受精的方法与各种各样的CuO内容(0wt.%15wt.%)准备一系列CuO/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2催化剂。获得的CuO/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2样品被N2吸附,XRD,拉曼,TEM和H2-TPR技术,和他们的催化活动描绘因为公司氧化被调查。结果证明CuO/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2催化剂的活动被CuO的内容强烈影响,并且有10wt.%CuO的催化剂在公司氧化展出了最好的催化活动,它能在催化剂被归因于CuO,和高氧空缺集中的高分散和reducibility。
简介:Thedifferencesofreductionbehaviorsbetweenironorelumpandpelletswerestudiedbyconductinglowtemperaturereductiondegradation,staticloadreductionanddroplettests.Thesetestssimulatedtheconditionsofreductiontemperatureandhydrogen-containinggasinCOREX.Duetoitsdensestructureandlowporositycomparedwithpellets,lumporepossessespoorreductiondegradationindex(RDI)andslowerreductionrateinearlyandmediumreactionstages,showingsignsoflowerstrength,lowersofteningandmeltingtemperatures,aswellasawidermeltingzoneandhigherΔP.Thatprovidessomebasistoexplainthephenomenaofdifferentialpressurerise,metallizationdeclineandmorestickingaftertheusageoflumporeinCOREXplant.