简介：Background:Acentralaimofphysicaleducationisthepromotionofbasicmotorcompetencies(inGerman:MotorischeBasiskompetenzen;MOBAK),whichareprerequisitesforchildren’sactiveparticipationinsportsculture.ThisarticleintroducestheMOBAK-1testinstrumentfor6-to8-year-oldchildrenanddeterminestheconstructvalidityofthistestinstrument.Inaddition,therelationshipbetweenMOBAKandmotorability(i.e.,strength)aswellasbodymassindex(BMI),sex,andageisinvestigated.Methods:Weanalyzeddataof923firstandsecondgraders(422girls,501boys,age=6.80±0.44years).Thechildren’sbasicmotorcompetencieswereassessedbytheMOBAK-1testinstrument.Besidesanalysesoffrequency,correlation,andvariance,3confirmatoryfactoranalyseswithcovariateswereperformed.Results:Wefound2MOBAKfactorsconsistingof4itemseach.Thefirstfactor,locomotion,includedtheitemsbalancing,rolling,jumping,andsidestepping;thesecondfactor,objectcontrol,includedtheitemsthrowing,catching,bouncing,anddribbling.Themotorabilitystrengthhadasignificantinfluenceonthefactorslocomotion(b=0.60)andobjectcontrol(b=0.50).Olderpupilsachievedbetterresultsthanyoungerpupilsonobjectcontrol(b=0.29).Boysperformedbetteronobjectcontrol(b=-0.44),whereasgirlsachievedbetterresultsinlocomotion(b=0.07).PupilswithahighBMIachievedlowerperformanceonlyonthefactorlocomotion(b=-0.28).Conclusion:TheMOBAK-1testinstrumentdevelopedforthisstudymeetspsychometricvaliditydemandsandissuitabletoevaluateeffectsofsportsandphysicaleducation.

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：Purpose:Arandomized,controlledtrialwasconductedtodeterminewhethera6-weeklowcaloriedietandaerobicexerciseinterventioncouldaltermetabolicsyndrome(MetS)riskfactorsinpre-pubescentobeseChinesechildren.Methods:Thesubjectswererandomizedintodietandexercise(DE)andcontrol(C)groups.TheDEgroupingested1600-2000kcal/dayadjustedtoeachparticipant’sbasalmetabolicrate,andengagedinhigh-volumeaerobicexercise(6days/week,twicedaily,for3hpersession)for6weeks.Atotalof215obesechildrenbetweentheagesof11and13yearswererecruitedintothestudy,with167subjects(DE,n=95;C,n=72)completingallphases.Pre-andpost-studymeasuresincludedbodyweight,bodymassindex,waistcircumference,bodyfatpercentage,bloodpressureandotherMetS-relatedmarkersfromfastingbloodsamples(serumcholesterol,triglycerides,insulin,andglucose).Results:Comparedtocontrols,theDEsubjectsexperiencedsignificantlyreducedlevelsforalloutcomemarkers(p<0.05),exceptforfastingbloodglucoseinboys(p=0.09).Conclusion:Anintensive,6-weekdietandexerciseinterventionhadfavorableeffectsinalteringMetSriskfactorsinobeseChinesechildrenaged11to13.

简介：

简介：