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简介：Accordingtotheconsiderationoftheadvantageofdrilling,itisusuallyakindofprac-ticethathelpsstudentstoacquirefluencyinthelanguagebytrainingthemtoproducelan-guagepatternsautomaticallyandwithoutconsciouseffort.Butinrecentyears,thereisagreatandheatedarguementaboutdrillingactivities.

简介：Chronicdiseaseshavebecomeafocalpointofpublichealthworldwidewithestimatesoftrillionsofdollarsinannualhealthcarecostandcausingmorethan36milliondeathsayear.Lifestylefactorssuchasphysicalinactivityareheavilycorrelatedwiththedevelopmentofmanychronicdiseases.Newstrategiesforprimaryandsecondarydiseasepreventionaredesperatelyneededtoaidinbluntingthenegativeeconomicandsocialimpactofthesediseases.Physicalactivity(PA)andexercisearenowconsideredprincipalinterventionsforuseinprimaryandsecondarypreventionofchronicdiseases.Currently,moreemphasisinprimarypreventionofdiseaseisnecessarytoreducediseaseriskinyouthandadults;howeverwithchronicdiseaseprevalencesohigh,similaremphasisisalsonecessaryforsecondarypreventioninthosechildrenandadultsalreadyinflictedwithchronicdiseases.Conditionssuchascardiovasculardisease,type2diabetes,obesity,andcanceraredrasticallyimprovedwhenPAandexercisearepartofamedicalmanagementplan.Inaddition,thenationalPAguidelinesinconjunctionwithPApromotiontoolslikeExerciseisMedicine?areneededtopromoteincreasedPAandexerciselevelsworldwide.

简介：ThispaperaimstopresentanexperimentdevelopedinatechnologydegreecollegeinS?oPaulo:thefreshmenintegrationandremedialclassesweek.Thisworkwasdevelopedduetothedropoutratethatoccurredinseveralcourses.The50%dropoutratewascollectedthroughasampleofthefirstsemesterfrom2012to2014.Thiscollegehascoursesinweldingtechnology,mechanicalmanufacturing,industrialautomationandrefrigeration,airconditioning,andventilationandheating.Itisapubliccollege.Astheyarecoursesoftheareaofmechanicalengineering,theirfirstsemestersconsistofcalculus,physics,chemistry,statistics,andotherdisciplinesthatrequiresolidknowledgebackgroundfromseniorhighschool.Thisisnottherealityfortheprofileofincomingstudents.Ninety-fivepercentofthestudentscomefrompublicschools.Remedialclassesweekiscomprisedofremedialclassesonmathematics,motivationallectures,presentationoftheacademic,andjobmarketarea,aswellasintegrationwithveteranstudents,teachers,andcoordinators.Thisworkbeganin2014andtherewas35%evasionreduction.

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简介：Higherlevelsofmoderate-to-vigorousphysicalactivity(MVPA),andmaybeevenlightphysicalactivity(LPA),havebeenrelatedtobetterhealth,~1motorskills,~2andcognitive~3outcomesinvirtuallyallageandabilitygroups.Problematically,however,mostpeopleingeneralarenotpronetoenjoyandparticipateinsubstantialamountsofphysicalactivity(PA),~4

简介：Physicalactivity(PA)isaneffectivemeansofcurbingtheprevalenceofchildobesity,andfundamentalskillsarehypothesizedtobeanimportantfactorthatdeterminesphysicallyactiveorinactivebehaviorinchildren.Researchevidencesuggeststhatadolescentsandyoungadultswithproficientmotorskillsinsport-relatedactivitiesaremorelikelytohaveaphysicallyactivelifestyle.1Becausephysically

简介：Inthelasttwoorthreedecades,physicalactivity(PA)hasgainedincreasingrecognitionasbeingessentialformaintaininggoodhealthandimprovingqualityoflifeforallages.Childrenhavetraditionallybeenactiveinbothfreeplayandorganizedsports.However,therehasbeenarecentdeclineinthePAlevelsamongchildrenforvariousreasons.Thislifestylechangehasresultedinincreasedobesityaccompaniedbyariseindiabetesandcardiovascularriskamongotherwisehealthychildren.Theselifestylechangeshavebeenshowntobeevenmoreaproblemwhenthechildisalreadyaffectedbyachronicdisease.Duetomedicallimitationsandcontraindications,muchcaremustbetakentomakecertainthatthesechildrenareinvolvedintheappropriatevolumeandintensityofexercise.Thetypeofactivitymustalsobegivencarefulconsiderationtoavoidundueriskforthechildwhomayhaveproblemssuchaspoorbalance,limitedstrength,poorvision,orcognitivedisability.FurthercomplicationsareeithercausedorexacerbatedbylackofsufficientPA.Theprioritybeyondconcernforsafetyshouldbefocusedonensuringthehighestqualityoflifepossible.ThepurposeofthisreviewistoexaminehowPAcanbenefitchildrenwithselectedchronichealthconditions.

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简介：Background:Forefootstrike(FFS)andrearfootstrike(RFS)runnersdifferintheirkinematics,forceloadingrates,andjointloadingpatterns,butthetimingoftheirmuscleactivationislessclear.Methods:Fortyrecreationalandhighlytrainedrunnersranatfourspeedsbarefootandshodonamotorizedtreadmill.'Barefoot'runnersworethin,five-toedsocksandshodrunnersworeneutralrunningshoes.Subjectswereinstructedtoruncomfortablyateachspeedwithnoinstructionsaboutfootstrikepatterns.Results:ElevenrunnerslandedwithanFFSwhenbarefootandshodandelevenrunnerslandedwithanRFSwhenbarefootandshod.The18remainingrunnersshiftedfromanFFSwhenbarefoottoanRFSwhenshod(shifters).Shodshiftersranwithalowerstridefrequencyandgreaterstridelengththanallotherrunners.AllFFSrunnerslandedwithmoreplantarflexedanklesandmoreverticallowerlegsatthebeginningofstancecomparedtoRFSrunners.FFSrunnersactivatedtheirplantarflexormuscles11%earlierand10%longerthanRFSrunners.Conclusion:Thisearlierandlongerrelativeactivationoftheplantarrlexorslikelyenhancesthecapacityforthepassivestructuresofthefootandankletostoreelasticenergy,andmayalsoenhancetheperformanceoftheactivemusclebyincreasingthestorageofelasticstrainenergyinthecross-bridaesandactivatedthin.

简介：<正>Purpose:Thepurposeofthisstudywastoinvestigatelowerextremityneuromuscularactivitypatternsduringgaittransitionswithcontinuouslychanginglocomotionspeeds.Methods:Muscularactivitiesrelatedtogaittransitions(walktorunandruntowalk)inducedbychangingtreadmillspeedwerecomparedtomuscularactivitiesduringwalkandrunatconstantspeeds.Alltransitionandconstantspeedconditionswereconductedinsimilarspeedrange.Surfaceelectromyographicactivitiesofgluteusmaximus(GM),rectusfemoris(RF),vastuslateralis(VL),bicepsfemorislonghead(BFL),tibialisanterior(TA),gastrocnemius(GA),andsoleus(SL)werecollectedandanalyzed.Theinfluencesofspeedandmodeoflocomotionwereanalyzed.Results:Wehaveobservedtransitionspecificnonlinearmuscularbehaviorinthisstudy.Forexample,peakmagnitudesofGM,RF,GA,andSLincreasedwithspeedquadraticallyaslocomotionapproachedwalktoruntransitionwithinthelastfivesteps.ActivitydurationofGAdecreasedinaquadraticfashionwithspeedasapproachedruntowalktransitionwithinthelastfivesteps.Thesenonlinearreactionstospeedchangewereonlyobservedintransitionrelatedconditionsbutnotintheconstantspeedconditions.Conclusion:Theseresultsindicatedthat,inpreparationfortransition,neuromuscularmodificationsoccurstepsbeforegaittransitionduetochangingspeed.Gaittransitionisnotaspontaneouseventinresponsetoanytypeoftriggers.

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简介：<正>Thebeneficialeffectsofappropriatephysicalactivity(PA),physicalfitness,anddietduringadultlifearewell-documentedbutthepotentialofappropriatePA,physicalfitness,anddiettoconferbenefitsonhealthandwell-beingduringchildhoodandadolescencehasnotbeenexploredfully.Recognizingthevalueofcriticalreviewsoftheextantliteratureinprovidingafoundationforfutureresearch,theJournalofSportandHealthScience(JSHS)hascommissionedtwoSpecialIssuesdevoted

简介：DearEditor,IntheDecember2016issueofJournalofSportandHealthScience,Dr.BarbaraE.Ainsworthhighlightedaglobalviewofyouthphysicalactivity(PA)basedontheresultsfromtheGlobalMatrix2.0.~1Joining38countrieson6continents,China,asthemostpopulouscountryintheworld,hasforthefirsttimepresentedits2016ReportCardon9indicatorsofPA.Unfortunately,China’sinauguralReportCardshowsanFratingassignedtoboththeoverallPAlevelandsedentarybehaviors

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