简介：Theeffectofacuteexercise,asingleboutofexercise,oncognitiveperformancehasattractedmuchattention.ThefirstnarrativereviewofthisliteraturewasconductedbyTomporowskiandEllis.1Intheirsummary,theauthorsconcludedthatacuteexercisefacilitatescognitiveperformance;however,theyemphasizedthatthestudiesatthattimewereatheoreticaland

简介：Purpose:Acuteexercisehasbeenlinkedtothefacilitationofexecutivefunction,butlittleisknownregardingexecutivefunctionassessedbytheWisconsinCardSortingTest(WCST).ThepresentresearchconsistedoftwoexperimentsaimedtodeterminewhetheracuteaerobicexerciseinfluencessuccessiveWCSTperformance.Methods:InStudy1,27youngadultswererandomlyassignedtotheexerciseorreadingcontrolgroupandtheninstructedtoperformtheWCSTbeforeandafterassignedtreatment.Inexercisegroup,participantscompletedasingleboutaerobicexercisewithmoderateintensityfor20minonastationarybike.AsimilarexperimentalprotocolwasreplicatedinStudy2with24latemiddle-agedadultstolookforagedifferencesduringadulthoodandcontrolforapotentialceilingeffectatyoungadultage.Results:Althoughasignificanttimeeffectwasobservedinyoungadults,bothstudiesrevealedthattherewasnomaineffectfortreatmentoraninteractionbetweentreatmentandtimeonanyoftheWCSTindices.Conclusion:AcuteaerobicexercisefailedtoinfluenceexecutivefunctionasassessedbytheWCST,revealingthatthisclassicalneuropsychologicaltesttappingexecutivefunctionmaynotbesensitivetoacuteexercise.Ourfindingssuggestthatacuteexercisedoesnotbroadlyaffecttheentirefamilyofexecutivefunctions,oritseffectonaspecificaspectofexecutivefunctionmaybetask-dependent,asproposedbyEtnierandChang(2009).

简介：Background:Preventinganteriorcruciateligament(ACL)injuriesisveryimportantforathletes,anddynamickneevalgusisconsideredariskfactorfornon-contactACLinjury.However,littleisknownaboutwhetherthefunctionsofthehipabductorandrear-footincreasedynamickneevalgus.Atwo-dimensional(2D)video-basedscreeningtestfocusedonhipabductorandrear-footfunctionsamongfactorsinvolvedindynamickneevalgus.Thepresentstudydeterminedassociationsbetweenhipandrear-footdynamicalignmentanddynamickneevalgus.Methods:Thiscross-sectionalstudyrecruited130femalebasketballplayers(258legs)fromninehigh-schoolteams.Theplayersperformedsingle-legsquatsandsingle-legdroplandingstoprovideknee-in(KID)andhip-out(HOD)distanceson2Dvideoimages.Hipandrear-footdynamicalignmentwasevaluatedusingadynamicTrendelenburgtest(DTT)andadynamicheel-floortest(HFT).Results:TheChi-squaretestrevealednosignificantdifferenceintheprevalenceofDTT-positivitybetweensingle-legsquats(28.7%)andsinglelegdroplandings(23.3%).TheprevalenceofHFT-positivitywassignificantlygreaterduringlandings(51.4%)thanduringsingle-legsquats(31.0%,p<0.01).TheKIDvaluesforbothsingle-legsquatsandsingle-legdroplandingsweregreaterintheDTT-positivethanintheDTTnegativegroup(15.15.4cmand20.27.5cm,p<0.001).TheHODvaluesweresimilarlygreaterintheDTT-positivegroup(15.21.9cmand17.62.8cm,p<0.001).TheKIDvaluesforbothsingle-legsquatsandsingle-legdroplandingsweregreaterintheHFT-positivethanintheHFT-negativegroup(12.25.1cm,p<0.01;14.77.2cm,p<0.001),whereasHODvaluesforthesetasksdidnotsignificantlydifferbetweenthetwogroups.Conclusion:Dynamichipmal-alignmentmightbeassociatedwithbothgreaterKIDandHOD,whereasrear-footeversionisassociatedonlywithgreaterKID.Hipabductorandrear-footdysfunctionareimportantfactorsfordynamickneevalgusandthusevaluatingDTTandHFTwi