简介:TourismSatelliteAccount(TSA)isthenewestmethodformeasuringtheimpactoftourismoneconomyintheworld.TherehasbeengloballyabigtrendofdevelopmentofTSAsafteritwasapprovedasainternationalstandardbyUnitedNationsStatisticalCommission(UNSC)inMarchof2000.ThisresearchisafirstpilotexerciseofTSAmethodinChina.Theresultoftheresearchhasdrawnmuchattentionfromthetourismadministrationsandstatisticsofficesatnationallevelandthelocallevels.
简介:Accurateandeffectiveassessmentofstrategicalternativesofanorganizationdirectlyaffectsthedecision-makingandexecutionofitsdevelopmentstrategy.Inevaluationofstrategicalternatives,relevantelementsfrombothinternalandexternalenvironmentsofanorganizationmustbeconsidered.Inthispaperweusestrategicassessmentmodeltoevaluatestrategicalternativesofanair-conditioningcompany.Strategicobjectivesandalternativesofthecompanyaredevelopedthroughanalysisofthecompetitiveenvironment,keycompetitorsandinternalconditions.Theenvironmentfactorsareclassifiedintointernal,task,andgeneralopportunitiesandthreats.Analyticalhierarchyprocess,subjectiveprobabilities,entropyconcept,andutilitytheoryareusedtoenhancedecision-maker'sabilityinevaluatingstrategicalternatives.Theevaluationresultsshowthatthemosteffectivestrategicalternativeforthecompanyistoreducetypesofproducts,concentrateitseffortonproducingwindow-typeandcupboard-typeair-conditioners,enlargetheproductionscale,andpre-emptthemarket.Thecompanyhasmadegreatprogressbyimplementingthisalternative.WeconcludethatSAMisanappropriatetoolforevaluatingstrategicalternatives.
简介:Acommonfeatureofpreviousstudiesabouttheapplicationofdataenvelopmentanalysis(DEA)todetermineenvironmentalandeconomicefficienciesisthatthetwowereanalyzedinseparatemodelsorframeworks.Thepurposeofthispaperistoanalyzetheeconomicefficiencyandenvironmentalefficiencywithasinglemodel.ThispaperproposesanintegratedDEAmodel,basedonamodificationofthedirectionaldistancefunction,whichallowsustodecomposetheeco-efficiency(EE)intotheeconomicefficiency(ECE)andenvironmentalefficiency(ENE).TheECEcharacterizestheabilityofgainingeconomicbenefitswhiletheENEcharacterizestheabilitytocontrolpollutantemissionsinproductionactivities.IdentificationofECEandENEcanhelpdecisionmakersofdifferentregionsdetectwhatkindoffactor(economicinefficiencyorenvironmentalinefficiency)isthemainsourceofeco-inefficiency.ThiscanhelpdecisionmakersmoretargetedtoimproveEE.Toillustratethefeasibilityofourapproach,acasestudyof30regionsinChinaispresented.Theempiricalresultsshowthatalmostallregionshaveveryhigheconomicefficiencies.Theenvironmentalinefficiencyisthemainsourceofeco-inefficiency.Thedifferencesofenvironmentalefficienciesleadtothedifferencesofeco-efficienciesintheeast,centralandwestareas,whiletheeconomicefficienciesdonothavesignificantdifferencesamongtheseareas.Theeconomicefficienciesshowedanopposite'V'shapeandtheenvironmentalefficienciesshowedadecreasingtrendduringtheperiod2010–2014.
简介:在计划的以前的撤退流动,最佳的动态交通赋值SO-DTA没考虑外长的费用的一个系统由潜在的交通事故引起了。因为下游的车辆经验丰富的事故相关的延期,一个交通事故,可能由于交通拥挤发生,将影响一个撤退过程。这份报纸建立概括系统费用在合并旅行时间和事故相关的延期的一个基于安全的SO-DTA线性编程模型。目标是在房间传播安装下面最小化概括系统费用。而且,作者提供认为两个是决定制造者和撤离者的线路选择行为的目的战略指导信息。算术地,作者建议一个非强迫的非线性的编程模型瞄准了最小化在基于安全的流动和随机的真实世界的撤退流动之间的差距,到提供战略旅行时间信息在可变消息符号VMS上被出版。在案例研究,作者发现基于安全的SO-DTA模型能减少拥挤并且改进撤退效率;随机的真实世界的撤退流动,由战略信息指导了,能接近基于安全的流动。
简介:Rapidexpansionofbig-boxstoreindevelopingcountrycausedtypicalarchetypalchangeinmarketstructure:SuccesstotheSuccessful,becausebig-boxstoresarmedwithmodernizedinfrastructureandmanagementcapabilityareabsorbingtheoncecustomersofthetraditionalmarketlikeablackhole.Facingrapidchangeinmarketstructureandsurmountingpleasfromtraditionalmarketmerchants,governmenttookaninevitableinterventionwithlawregulatingthebig-boxstore’sbusinessandimprovingtraditionalmarket’scompetencebuilding.Notsolong,however,didgovernmentconfrontpolicyresistancefrombothsides:Stillongoingpolarizationofbothside’ssales.Thisstudyarticulatesbehaviorovertimeofmarketstructurewithcausalloopdiagramsofwhichcausalitiesareextractedfromliteratures.Thisstudyprovidessignificantcontributiontopolicymakersandtraditionalmarkets’merchantsinotherdevelopingcountrieslikeIndiaandChina,aswellasKorea.
简介:Asthepaceofurbanizationisaccelerating,increasingamountoffloodplainhasbeenprojectedasthefuturecities.Subsequently,urbanfloodingisbeingstudiedbyglobalemergencymanagementexportsduetoitsincreasinglysignificantimpactonus.Someexistingresearchonfloodingemergencymanagementbasedonthecase-basedreasoning(CBR)methodhavemadetremendousprogress,buttheurbanfloodingcasewithitsstratifieddatacharacteristicsisrequiredanewmethodologywhichisdifferentfromtheonesappliedtoflashfloods.So,basedonthecase-basedreasoning(CBR)method,thispaperproposedaCPIE-CBRmodelwithfourlayers,classificationfiltration,punctiformsimilarity,intervalsimilarityandentropyweightmethod,tocalculatethecasesimilarityamongtheurbanfloodingcasewithstratifieddatacharacteristics.ThenwecarryoutthenumericalsimulationwiththerealdataaboutChinaandconductsomecomparisonwithoriginalwayssothatweobservethevalidityandefficiencyofourmodelintheend.
简介:Basedonthenotionofmaximalabsoluteobservabilityanditsnormalforms,anewmethodforstudyingthelocalstabilizationforakindofnonlinearcontrolsystemsisestablished.DifferentfromthepreviousresultsgivenbyByrnes-Isitoriandothers,thisnewmethodcandealwithmoregeneralsystems,andhasmuchsimplerwaytoprovethestabilizationconditionsandtodesignthefeedbacklaws.
简介:Inthispaper,supposingthatthereceivedsignalsattheinputareoftheformv(t)=s1[t,x1(t)]s2[t,x2(t)]+n(t)wheresiareFMsignals(i=1,2),anovelcross-coupledphase-lockedloop(CCPLL(M))anditsmathematicalmodelareobtained.Theglobalqualitativestructuralanalysisofthemathematicalmodelofthefirst-orderloop,theacqui-sitionregionandsynchronizationregionofthefirst-orderloop,andthesynchronizationregionofthesecond-orderloopareobtained.
简介:Inthisnote,thedissipativecontrolproblemofthegeneralquadraticsupplyrateforstatedelayedsystemsisconsidered.Asystematicapproachisusedinthisworksothatasufficientconditionontheexistenceofadelay-independentstatefeedbackcontrollerisgiven.Inaddition,asufficientconditionontheexistenceofadelay-dependentstatefeedbackispresented.Oursolutionsareexpressedintermsofmatrixinequalitiesthatcanbesolvedbynumericalmethod.Thedelay-dependentcontrollermightbelessconservativethanthedelay-independentoneinthesensethatthedelay-dependentcasemayhaveasolutionforalargerclassofsystemsthanthatfordelay-independentcase.
简介:EllipticPDE-constrainedoptimalcontrolproblemswithL^1-controlcost(L^1-EOCP)areconsidered.TosolveL^1-EOCP,theprimal-dualactiveset(PDAS)method,whichisaspecialsemismoothNewton(SSN)method,usedtobeapriority.However,ingeneralsolvingNewtonequationsisexpensive.Motivatedbythesuccessofalternatingdirectionmethodofmultipliers(ADMM),weconsiderextendingtheADMMtoL^1-EOCP.TodiscretizeL^1-EOCP,thepiecewiselinearfiniteelement(FE)isconsidered.However,differentfromthefinitedimensionalL^1-norm,thediscretizedL^1-normdoesnothaveadecoupledform.Toovercomethisdifficulty,aneffectiveapproachisutilizingnodalquadratureformulastoapproximatelydiscretizetheL^1-normandL^2-norm.Itisprovedthattheseapproximationstepswillnotchangetheorderoferrorestimates.Tosolvethediscretizedproblem,aninexactheterogeneousADMM(ihADMM)isproposed.DifferentfromtheclassicalADMM,theihADMMadoptstwodifferentweightedinnerproductstodefinetheaugmentedLagrangianfunctionintwosubproblems,respectively.Benefitingfromsuchdifferentweightedtechniques,twosubproblemsofihADMMcanbeefficientlyimplemented.Furthermore,theoreticalresultsontheglobalconvergenceaswellastheiterationcomplexityresultso(1/k)forihADMMaregiven.Inordertoobtainmoreaccuratesolution,atwo-phasestrategyisalsopresented,inwhichtheprimal-dualactiveset(PDAS)methodisusedasapostprocessoroftheihADMM.Numericalresultsnotonlyconfirmerrorestimates,butalsoshowthattheihADMMandthetwo-phasestrategyarehighlyefficient.
简介:Thispaperconsidersaworst-caseinvestmentoptimizationproblemwithdelayforafundmanagerwhoisinacrash-threatenedfinancialmarket.Drivenbyexistingofcapitalinflow/outflowrelatedtohistoryperformance,weinvestigatetheoptimalinvestmentstrategiesundertheworst-casescenarioandthestochasticcontrolframeworkwithdelay.Thefinancialmarketisassumedtobeeitherinanormalstate(crash-free)orinacrashstate.InthenormalstatethepricesofriskyassetsbehaveasgeometricBrownianmotion,andinthecrashstatethepricesofriskyassetssuddenlydropbyacertainrelativeamount,whichinducestoadroppingofthetotalwealthrelativetothatofcrash-freestate.Weobtaintheordinarydifferentialequationssatisfiedbytheoptimalinvestmentstrategiesandtheoptimalvaluefunctionsunderthepowerandexponentialutilities,respectively.Finally,anumericalsimulationisprovidedtoillustratethesensitivityoftheoptimalstrategieswithrespectivetothemodelparameters.
简介:Controlinvariantsetsplayakeyroleinmodelpredictivecontrol.UsingLyapunovfunction,atechniqueisproposedtodesigncontrolinvariantsetsofplanarsystemsinapreciseform.First,itisdesignedforalinearsysteminBrunovskycanonicalform.Then,theresultisextendedtogenerallinearsystems.Finally,thenonlinearcontrolsystemsareconsidered,andsomesufficientconditionsanddesigntechniquesarealsoobtained.Numericalexamplesarepresentedtoillustratetheproposeddesignmethods.
简介:WeconsideroptimalbirthcontrolfortheMcKendrickequationofpopulationdyna-mics.Itconsistsofoptimizingasystemdescribedbyafirstorderpartialdifferentialequationwithnonlo-calbilinearboundarycontrol.ApproximateminimumprinciplesareobtainedusingEkeland’svariationalprinciple.
简介:Thispaperdiscussestheharmonicproblemsincontrolsystemsfromtwoaspects:Oneistheharmoniccontrolamongdifferentsubsystems,andtheotheristheharmoniccontrolamongmultipleinputs.Someintrinsicproblemsinsuchsystemsarediscussed.Itispointedoutthatsomesubsystemsmustbeunstabletostabilizethewholeinterconnectedsystembyanexample.Especiallyfordiscrete-timemulti-inputsystems,anecessaryandsufficientconditionispresentedforthestrictdecreaseofthequadraticoptimalperformanceindexwiththecontrolinputextensions.Thisshowsanessentialdifferencebetweensingle-inputandmulti-inputcontrolsystems.Finally,somefutureresearchdirectionsarediscussedinharmoniccontrolofinterconnectedsystems,allocationofmulti-controlinputs,fault-tolerantcontrol,andfault-diagnosis.
简介:FortheARMAXsystemwithunknowncoefficientstheoptimaladaptivecontrolisdesignedsothatthefollowingrequirementsaremetsimultaneously:1)thetransferfunctionfromareferencesignaltothesystemoutputintheclosedloopequalsaprescribedrationalfunction;2)undertheconstraintmentionedin1)aquadraticlossfunctionisminimized;3)theparameterestimateisstronglyconsistent.
简介:Inthispaper,forzero-failuredata(ti,ni),atmomentti,ifthepriordistributionofthefailureprobabilitypi=P{T<ti}isincompleteFisher-Zdistribution:Fisher-Z(0,λi;a,b),theauthorgivespihierarchicalBiyesianestimationandtheestimationofreliabilityunderzero-failuredataconditionisobtainedalso.Theauthoralsogivesapracticalcalculatingexampleusingthetheory.