简介：Vertical-cavitysurface-emittinglasers(VCSELs)aretheidealopticalsourcesfordatacommunicationandsensing.Indatacommunication,largedataratescombinedwithexcellentenergyefficiencyandtemperaturestabilityhavebeenachievedbasedonadvanceddevicedesignandmodulationformats.VCSELsarealsopromisingsourcesforphotonicintegratedcircuitsduetotheirsmallfootprintandlowpowerconsumption.Also,VCSELsarecommonlyusedforawidevarietyofapplicationsintheconsumerelectronicsmarket.Theseapplicationsrangefromlasermicetothree-dimensional(3D)sensingandimaging,includingvarious3Dmovementdetections,suchasgesturerecognitionorfacerecognition.NovelVCSELtypeswillincludemetastructures,exhibitingadditionaluniqueproperties,oflargestimportancefornext-generationdatacommunication,sensing,andphotonicintegratedcircuits.