简介：Vertical-cavitysurface-emittinglasers(VCSELs)aretheidealopticalsourcesfordatacommunicationandsensing.Indatacommunication,largedataratescombinedwithexcellentenergyefficiencyandtemperaturestabilityhavebeenachievedbasedonadvanceddevicedesignandmodulationformats.VCSELsarealsopromisingsourcesforphotonicintegratedcircuitsduetotheirsmallfootprintandlowpowerconsumption.Also,VCSELsarecommonlyusedforawidevarietyofapplicationsintheconsumerelectronicsmarket.Theseapplicationsrangefromlasermicetothree-dimensional(3D)sensingandimaging,includingvarious3Dmovementdetections,suchasgesturerecognitionorfacerecognition.NovelVCSELtypeswillincludemetastructures,exhibitingadditionaluniqueproperties,oflargestimportancefornext-generationdatacommunication,sensing,andphotonicintegratedcircuits.

简介：Usingfoursatellitedatasets(TOMS/SBUV,OMI,MLS,andHALOE),weanalyzetheseasonalvariationsofthetotalcolumnozone(TCO)anditszonaldeviation(TCO*),andrevealtheverticalstructureoftheOzoneLow(OV)overtheAsiancontinent.Ourprincipalfindingsare:(1)TheTCOovertheAsiancontinentreachesitsmaximuminthespringanditsminimumintheautumn.TheOzoneLowexistsfromMaytoSeptember.(2)TheOzoneLowhastwonegativecores,locatedinthelowerandtheupperstratosphere.Thelowercoreisnear30hPainthewinterand70hPaintheotherseasons.Theuppercorevariesfrom10hPato1hPaamongthefourseasons.(3)ThepositionoftheOzoneLowinthelowerandtheupperstratosphereovertheAsiancontinentshowsseasonalvariability.