简介：输气管道发生事故后将导致甲烷大量泄漏,存在发生窒息的危险。文章依据甲烷的体积占比,对标准状态下甲烷的窒息浓度进行了计算,并且对不同温度下的甲烷窒息浓度计算公式进行了推导。确定甲烷的窒息浓度值,利于事故现场用仪器监测甲烷浓度,判断是否有窒息危险;环评事故后果预测时,判断事故发生之后是否会出现窒息浓度,并且确定窒息浓度范围;在环境空气压强不变的情况下,甲烷的窒息浓度值随着环境空气的温度的升高而降低,但二者的关系并不属于线性关系。

简介：Chinaispreparingtoestablishanationwidecarbonmarketin2017,andinordertofacilitatethisgoal,sevenpilotcarbonmarketshavebeenunderstudyforthepastfewyears.ThispapersummarizestheoperationexperienceandchallengesofthesevenpilotcarbonmarketsinChina.Ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthattheessenceofacarbonmarketistosolveenvironmentalproblemsthroughmarketmechanisms,withenvironmentalbenefitbeingthefundamentalpurpose,marketmechanismbeingthekeymeasure,andpoliciesandregulationsbeinganimportantguaranteeforanorderlycarbonmarket.Therefore,thispaperconstructsanevaluationindexsystemcomposedof34detailedsub-indexesinthreedimensions,suchasenvironmentalconstraintforce,marketresourceallocationability,andsupportingpoliciesandfacilitycompleteness.Throughanalyzingtheoperationdatafrom2013to2016,theweightsofthesub-indexesareobtained.Inaddition,thestudyobtainsexperts’opinionsfromover10carbonpermitsexchanges,consultancyfirmsandresearchinstitutionsinChina,andconductsacomprehensiveevaluationonthedevelopmentdegreeofthesevenpilotcarbonmarkets.ResultsshowthatthepilotcarbonmarketsthatincludeprivateSMEsasthecoveredentitiesforemissionscontrolpresentrelativelyhigherenvironmentalconstraintforce.Buttoomanycoveredentitiescouldincreasethedifficultyofmarketperformancemanagement,whilethepilotsthatincludehighenergy-consumingstate-ownedenterprisesastheentitiesforemissionscontroldemonstrateaphenomenonof'highmarketcomplianceratewithlowtradingvolume'.TheresourceallocationcapabilityofChina’scarbonmarkethasnotbeeneffectivelybroughtintoplay,andlowdegreeofmarketparticipationhasbecomeanimportantconstraintfactorformarketdevelopment.Duetothelackoflawsandregulationsatthenationalmacro-level,thelegallybindingforceofthepilotmarketsconstructionisobviouslyinsufficient,andthesupportingpoliciesare

简介：本文介绍了土壤生态筛选值的定义以及国外一些国家在污染土壤生态风险评估领域的相关土壤筛选值。由于地理生态、社会文化、行政法规以及标准制定的科学基础等差异使各国基于生态风险的土壤筛选值的制定方法各有特色,导致各国基于生态风险的土壤筛选值名称和筛选值之间存在较大差异。我国的生态风险评价研究起步较晚,目前还没有国家权威机构发布的诸如土壤生态筛选值、生态风险评价技术导则等文件。本文就目前国外一些权威机构推出的并得到广泛认可的相关标准、方法做简要介绍,就国际上不同国家的土壤生态筛选值的制定方法、理论体系、使用策略等进行详细描述,为我国制定相关筛选值的方法体系提供参考,旨在推动我国基于生态风险的污染土壤筛选值的建立和生态风险评估研究。

简介：Sustainableuseofnaturalresourcesandsustainabledevelopmentareconceptsthataregainingmomentumgloballyintheadventofglobalwarmingandclimatechange.ThethresholdfortheentryinforceoftheParisAgreementonClimateChangewasachievedexactly5daysaftertheunveilingofBotswana’sVision2036document.Thisdevelopmentframeworkenvisagessustainableeconomicdevelopmentandclimatechangeadaptation.ThisarticleusesexploratoryresearchmethodologyofsystematicdocumentanalysistoanalyzetheseprinciplesinthecontextofBotswana.Itinvestigatesgovernment’sintentionsinachievingthethirdpillarofthenationalvision.Botswanahasdeclareditsintensionstoreducecarbonemissionsby15%by2030throughtheintendednationallydeterminedcontributions.Whilethecountry’sambitionsarelargelyforward-lookingandalignedwiththoseoftheParisAgreement,theeconomicdiversificationplansofBotswanathreatentopotentiallycontributesignificantlytotheemissionofgreenhousegases.Thearticleappliessustainabilityand/orsustainabledevelopmenttheoryinexaminingtherelationshipbetweentheParisAgreementandBotswana’svision.Itconcludesthatthereislinkbetweenthetwodocuments,bothofwhichareanchoredofthedevelopmentwhichisenvironmentallysustainable.Itfurtherconcludesthatdevelopingnationsshouldmakeinternationalcommitmentswhicharealignedtotheirdevelopmentalplans.

简介：Animprovedenergydemandforecastingmodelisbuiltbasedontheautoregressivedistributedlag(ARDL)boundstestingapproachandanadaptivegeneticalgorithm(AGA)toobtaincredibleenergydemandforecastingresults.TheARDLboundsanalysisisfirstemployedtoselecttheappropriateinputvariablesoftheenergydemandmodel.Aftertheexistenceofacointegrationrelationshipinthemodelisconfirmed,theAGAisthenemployedtooptimizethecoefficientsofbothlinearandquadraticformswithgrossdomesticproduct,economicstructure,urbanization,andtechnologicalprogressastheinputvariables.Onthebasisofhistoricalannualdatafrom1985to2015,thesimulationresultsindicatethattheproposedmodelhasgreateraccuracyandreliabilitythanconventionaloptimizationmethods.ThepredictedresultsoftheproposedmodelalsodemonstratethatChinawilldemandapproximately4.9,5.6,and6.1billionstandardtonsofcoalequivalentin2020,2025,and2030,respectively.

简介：Inordertomakefurtherstepsindealingwithclimatechange,Chinaproposedtopeakcarbondioxideemissionsbyabout2030andtomakebesteffortsforthepeakingearly.Thecarbonemissionpeaktarget(CEPT)mustresultinaforcingmechanismonChina’seconomictransition.Thispaper,byfollowingthelogicalorderfrom'researchoncarbonemissionhistory'to'carbonemissiontrendprediction,'from'researchonpathsofrealizingpeak'to'peakrestraintresearch,'providesageneralreviewofcurrentstatusanddevelopmenttrendofresearchesonChina’scarbonemissionanditspeakvalue.Furthermore,thispaperalsoreviewsthebasictheoriesandspecificcasesoftheforcingmechanism.Basedontheexistingachievementsanddevelopmenttrendsinthisfield,thefollowingresearchdirectionsthatcanbefurtherexpandedareputforward.First,fromtheperspectiveoflong-termstrategyofsustainabledevelopment,weshouldanalyzeandconstructtheforcingmechanismofCEPTinareversethinkingway.Second,economictransitionpathsundertheforcingmechanismshouldbesystematicallystudied.Third,byconstructingalarge-scalepolicyevaluationmodel,theemissionreductionperformanceandeconomicimpactofaseriesofpolicymeasuresadoptedduringthetransitionprocessshouldbequantitativelyevaluated.

简介：根据2016年广西防城江流域干流及支流18个采样点（6个参照点,12个受损点）底栖动物采样数据,对18个生物参数进行分布范围、判别能力和Pearson相关性分析,最终确定防城江流域底栖动物完整性指数（B-IBI）由总物种数、蜉蝣目,襀翅目和毛翅目三目的种类数（Ephemeroptera,PlecopteraandTrichoptera,EPT）、粘食者种类数、蜉蝣目数量所占百分比、敏感类群数量所占百分比等5个指数组成.采用比值法统一各入选生物参数量纲,计算其B-IBI值和底栖动物完整性指标赋分值（BIBr）.结果表明,在18个采样点中,BIBr分值在90分以上的样点有9个,80分~90分之间的样点有2个,70分~80分之间和60分~70分之间的样点各有1个,未达到60分的样点有5个.BIBr分值80分以上的样点主要分布在支流（如那东、边岭、黄霜江、那周村、屯蓬、王子城）和干流上游少数几个样点（如扶隆乡、那阮坪、米中）,而下游接近河口部分的几个采样断面均较低,木头滩断面的分值更在10分以下.

简介：为探讨邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（di-（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate,DEHP）及其代谢产物邻苯二甲酸单-2-乙基己酯（mono-（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate,MEHP）对H295R细胞类固醇激素合成关键基因表达的影响,本实验将H295R细胞分别暴露于DEHP（0、1、10、100、1000μmol·L^-1）和MEHP（0、1、10、100、1000μmol·L^-1）24h,用MTT法检测细胞活性,并应用荧光定量PCR法分析细胞类固醇激素合成过程中关键酶的基因表达水平。结果显示,1000μmol·L^-1DEHP和MEHP对H295R细胞染毒24h显著降低H295R细胞活力,所以本研究采用了较低的染毒浓度（0、1、10和100μmol·L^-1）对H295R细胞染毒24h来评估DEHP和MEHP对H295R细胞类固醇激素合成通路的影响。1、10和100μmol·L^-1DEHP显著增加醛固酮合成酶CYP11B2的基因表达水平。10μmol·L^-1DEHP显著上调了3-β羟基类固醇脱氢酶（3β-HSD2）的基因表达水平。1、10和100μmol·L^-1MEHP显著下调了3-β羟基类固醇脱氢酶（3β-HSD1和3β-HSD2）、17β羟基类固醇脱氢酶17β-HSD4、17α羟化酶/17,20裂解酶CYP17和芳香酶CYP19a的基因表达水平。10和100μmol·L-1MEHP染毒H295R24h显著下调了CYP21和STAR的基因表达水平,然而,10和100μmol·L^-1MEHP显著上调了CYP11B2的基因表达水平。100μmol·L^-1MEHP显著下调了17β-HSD1的基因表达水平。上述研究结果表明,DEHP、MEHP都可不同程度影响H295R细胞类固醇激素合成过程中关键基因的表达。MEHP可以通过抑制STAR基因的表达,从而将影响胆固醇在细胞内的转运;并能显著性抑制类固醇激素合成过程中CYP17、CYP19a、3β-HSD1、3β-HSD2、17β-HSD1、17β-HSD4、CYP21基因的表达,最终将抑制H295R细胞中类固醇激素的合成。与DEHP相比,MEHP对H295R细胞类固醇激素合成关键基因表达的影响较明显。

简介：随着国家环保形势的日益严峻,环境监测项目不断增多,数据准确度要求越发严格。良好的实验室环境,规范的实验管理是开展检测及保障数据准确性的前提,文章通过对建立制度职责、深入推行属地管理重要性的阐述,深入分析了如何通过开展整理、整顿、清扫、清洁、安全工作,健全工作平台,形成文化理念建立持久员工素养的实验室6S管理。实验室通过运用6S管理理念,逐步建立了干净、整洁、有序的实验室环境,提升了实验工作效率,保障了数据的准确可靠,让6S管理深入企业员工内心,形成了特有的“家”文化管理模式。

简介：TheimpactofenvironmentalregulationontechnologyinnovationisahotspotincurrentresearchwherealargenumberofempiricalstudiesarebasedonPorterHypothesis(PH).However,therearestillcontroversiesinacademiaabouttheestablishmentof'weak'and'narrow'versionsofPH.Basedonthepaneldataofapplicationforpatentofenergyconservationandemissionreduction(ECER)technologyofChinesecityscaleduring2008-2014,comprehensiveenergyprice,pollutantemission,etc.,mixedregressionmodelandsystematicgeneralizedmethodofmomentsmethodwereadopted,respectively,tostudytheimpactofmarket-orientedandcommand-and-controlpolicytoolonChina’sECERtechnologyinnovation.Theresultsshowthattheenvironmentalregulationhinderedthetechnologicalinnovationintheimmediatephase;however,itturnedouttobepositiveinthefirst-lagphase.Hence,theestablishmentof“weak”PHistime-bounded.Thecommand-and-controlpolicytoolplayedamorepositiveroleinpromotingtechnologicalinnovationinthefirst-lagphasethanmarket-orientedpolicytool.Therefore,'narrow'PHisnottenable.ThereasonisthatthemainparticipantsofChina’sECERtechnologyinnovationarestate-ownedcompaniesandpublicinstitutions.Regionallyspeaking,theimpactwhichcommand-and-controlpolicytoolhasontechnologicalinnovationatsightwasnonsignificantintheeastern,thecentral,andthewesternregionsofChinawhilstmarket-orientedpolicytoolhadanegativeeffect.Andmarket-orientedpolicytoolinthecentralregionhadstrongestnegativeeffect,whichwoulddiminishintheeasternregionandbecomeweakestinthewesternregion.Thiswasrelatedtoregionalenergyconsumptionlevelandthemarketeconomicvitality.

简介：双酚S（BPS）和双酚F（BPF）作为双酚A（BPA）的替代品在工业中被广泛使用。近年来BPS和BPF在水环境中不断检出,因其难降解、易蓄积,可能会对水生态系统和人体健康造成不利影响。因此对BPS和BPF在水、沉积物等水环境介质中污染状况进行综述,发现BPS和BPF的含量有日益升高的趋势,甚至在某些水体中的浓度超过BPA。然后,从急性毒性、内分泌干扰效应、发育毒性等3个方面,阐述了它们对水生生物产生的毒理效应。并且基于水环境介质中的检出浓度和实验室毒理数据,对水体和沉积物中BPS和BPF的生态风险进行评估,发现沉积物中的风险要高于水体。最后对目前研究局限以及未来的研究方向进行了探讨和展望。

简介：脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）是最为常见的粮食真菌毒素,易共存于谷物产品和动物饲料中,而目前对其联合毒性的研究较少,且研究结果并不完全一致。为探究DON、AFB1和ZEN的联合毒性作用,本论文以秀丽隐杆线虫（C.elegans）为模型,分别评估了毒素混合物AFB1＋DON、AFB1＋ZEN、DON＋ZEN和AFB1＋DON＋ZEN对C.elegans的生长发育（体长）和生殖能力（产卵量）的毒性作用,并用Chou-Talalay模型来判定毒素混合物的相互作用类型。研究表明,AFB1、DON和ZEN单独染毒C.elegans时,其毒作用强弱为AFB1〉ZEN〉DON。联合染毒时,AFB1＋DON对C.elegans产生协同作用,而DON＋ZEN则产生拮抗作用;AFB1＋ZEN对体长（24h）和产卵量的毒作用随着暴露浓度的增加,由弱拮抗变为协同作用,而在毒素暴露48h后,对线虫的生长发育呈协同作用;AFB1＋DON＋ZEN除在EC50-24h和EC75-24h时对体长产生明显的毒性增强作用外,其他普遍表现出拮抗作用。由此表明,DON、AFB1和ZEN对C.elegans的联合毒性作用与剂量和时间相关。