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简介：超声能不仅在检查，而且在治疗被使用，特别在癌症的治疗。Sonodynamic治疗是使用超声提高作为sonosensitizers知道的代理人的细胞毒素的效果的一个试验性的癌症治疗方法。它在vitro并且在vivo被测试了。超声能在一些直接改变房间膜渗透的条件下面渗透织物和房间，从而在某度允许外长的分子的交货进房间。超声能禁止增长或在vitro或在vivo导致癌症房间的apoptosis。低频率的显示的最近的研究和低紧张的超声能导致房间apoptosis，它能被sonodynamic敏感加强，microbubbles，化学疗法的药等等。超声的大多数类型通过导致癌症房间的apoptosis压制了癌症房间的增长。apoptosis的机制不是清楚的。在这评论，我们将集中于并且由超声讨论癌症房间apoptosis的正式就职的机制。

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简介：AbstractSepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The heart is one of the most important oxygen delivery organs, and dysfunction significantly increases the mortality of the body. Hence, the heart has been studied in sepsis for over half a century. However, the definition of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is not unified yet, and the conventional conception seems outdated: left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) along with enlargement of the left ventricle, recovering in 7 to 10 days. With the application of echocardiography in intensive care units, not only LVSD but also left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, right ventricular dysfunction, and even diffuse ventricular dysfunction have been seen. The recognition of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is gradually becoming complete, although our understanding of it is not deep, which has made the diagnosis and treatment stagnate. In this review, we summarize the research on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Women and young people with septic cardiomyopathy are more likely to have LVSD, which may have the same mechanism as stress cardiomyopathy. Elderly people with ischemic cardiomyopathy and hypertension tend to have left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Patients with mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome or other complications of increased right ventricular afterload mostly have right ventricular dysfunction. Diffuse cardiac dysfunction has also been shown in some studies; patients with mixed or co-existing cardiac dysfunction are more common, theoretically. Thus, understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy from the perspective of critical care echocardiography is essential.

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简介：Manystudiesdemonstratethatconventionalanticancerdrugselevateintracellularlevelofreactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)andalterredox-homeostasisofcancercells.ItiswidelyacceptedthatanticancereffectofthesechemotherapeuticsisduetoinductionofoxidativestressandROS-mediatedapoptosisincancer.Ontheotherhand,theharmfulsideeffectsofconventionalanticancerchemotherapyarealsoduetoincreasedproductionofROSanddisruptionofredox-homeostasisofnormalcellsandtissues.ThisarticledescribesthemechanismsfortriggeringandmodulationofapoptosisthroughROS-dependentandROS-independentpathways.Wetrytoanswerthequestion:'Isitpossibletoinducehighlyspecificapoptosisonlyincancercells,withoutoverproductionofROS,aswellaswithoutharmfuleffectsonnormalcellsandtissues?'Thereviewalsosuggestsanewtherapeuticstrategyforselectivekillingofcancercells,withoutsignificantimpactonviabilityofnormalcellsandtissues,bycombininganticancerdrugswithredox-modulators,affectingspecificsignalingpathwaysandavoidingoxidativestress.

简介：有建议激活的apoptosis在呼喊的人的精子发信号否定地影响他们的授精潜力的证据的基本身体。然而，发信号的这apoptotic是否是与精子发生有关的未成功的apoptosis的一件遗物，仍然是争论的或如果它应该在导致stereotypical的成熟精子被认为是一条功能的preformed小径词法变化思考原子拆卸。探讨这个问题，apoptosis在密度坡度centrifugation充实的成熟、不成熟的呼喊的人的精子用betulinic酸被导致。apoptosis的执行被经由传播电子显微镜学观察极端词法的变化监视。在体的房间的apoptosis的典型词法符号与apoptotic身体，损害mitochondrial正直，原子信封的缺点，和原子破碎的形成包括血浆膜blebbing；这些形态学也在人的精子被观察了。另外，这些apoptotic特征在与成熟精子相比的不成熟的精子是更经常的。后面的betulinic酸处理，apoptosis相关的词法变化从健康施主在成熟精子被导致。这效果更不在不成熟的精子被读。而且在两部分，betulinic酸处理增加了反应acrosome的精子的百分比。我们的极端词法的学习的结果在成熟呼喊的人的精子证明apoptosis的功能的胜任。一个唯一的未成功的过程的理论可能为不成熟的精子仅仅是有效的。由刺激apoptosis的acrosome反应的正式就职可能使精子apoptosis的生物关联清楚些。

简介：ObjectivesToestablishamethodforhighyieldmesenchymalstemcellscollection,aswellasaculturemethodforidentifyingmesenchymalstemcellsfromtheswineadipose-derivedmesenchymalstemcell(ADMSC).MethodsSwineADMSCswereisolatedfromfattissuewithcollagenase,followedbyinductionofdifferentiationtoosteogenic,adipogenicandchondrogrniccells.ThesurvivalcurveoftheADMSCatthe37oCand38oCweremeasuredusingWST-1CellProliferationAssayReagent.ResultADMSCsisolatedwithcollagenasefromswineneckfattissuegeneratedastableuniformappearanceafterthesecondgeneration.Thepassageperiodwasfivedays.ADMSCcoulddifferentiateintoosteogenic,adipogenicorchondrogrniccellsunderdifferentcultureconditions.Thehighestgrowthratewasachievedat38oCinthisstudy.ConclusionSwineADMSCshavethepotentialtodifferentiateintoosteogenic,adipogenicorchondrogrniccells,andtheymaybeappropriatefortransplantationforbothresearchandclinicalpurpose.

简介：徐卓立，郭军华，宋三泰，卢淑娟，吴德政ＤＥＴＯＸＩＦＹＩＮＧＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＬＩＳＨＥＮＧ－ＳＥＯＮＣＤＤＰＡＮＤＩＴＳＲＥＬＡＴＩＯＮＴＯＭＥＴＡＬＬＯＴＨＩＯＮＥＩＮＩＮＤＵＣＴＩＯＮ￥ＸｕＺｈｕｏｌｉ；ＧｕｏＪｕｎｈｕａ；ＳｏｎｇＳａｎｔａｉ；...

简介：ToclarifytheroleofAPOBEC3G(A3G)incellulardefenseagainsthepatitisBvirus(HBV),theexpressionofA3GinnormalhumanliverandtheregulationoftheA3Gexpressioninhep-atomacellline(HuH-7)wereinvestigated.ExpressionlevelofAPOBEC3smRNAinhumanliverwasdeterminedbyRT-PCR.HuH-7andHepG2cellsweretreatedwithvariousconcentrationsofIFN-α(0U/ml,100U/ml,500U/ml,1000U/ml)for12h.ThemRNAlevelsweremeasuredbyaquantitativeRT-PCR,theresultswerenormalizedrelativetothespecimenswithoutIFN-αstimulation.TotalproteinofHuH-7cellstreatedwithvariousconcentrationsofIFN-αfor48hwassubjectedtoWesternblotanalysis.Forreportergeneassay,HuH-7cellsweretransfectedwiththereporterplasmidscontainingIRF-Esitesanditsmutantswithdifferentlengths.Thenthecellsweretreatedwithorwithout1200U/mlIFN-aforadditional12h(1000U/ml)after24hoftransfection,andthecelllysatewaspreparedandassayedforluciferaseactivity.ItwasfoundthatnormalhumanliverexpressedthemRNAofA3G.A3GmRNAexpressioninHuH-7andHepG2cellswereup-regulatedbyIFN-αstimulationinadose-depen-dentmanner.WesternblotanalysisindicatedthatA3GproteinexpressionwasalsoenhancedbyIFN-αstimulation.SequenceanalysisshowedtheexistenceofputativesitesofIFNregulatoryfactorelement(IRF-E)in5'regionofA3Ggeneupstreamtheinitiationcodon.IFN-αstimulationresultsin6-to8-foldincreaseinluciferaseactivityincellstransfectedwiththeplasmidcontainingIRF-Esitesofthe5'upstreamsequences,whereasluciferaseactivitydidnotchangeincellstransfectedwiththeplasmidcontainingmutantIRF-EsitesorwithoutIRF-Esites.Asaconclusion,A3Gareexpressedinnormalhumanliver.A3Gexpressionwasup-regulatedbyIFN-αstimulationinhepatomacellsandcouldbeinvolvedinhostdefensemechanismsagainstHBV.ERF-Esitein5'regionofAP0BEC3Ggeneupstreamtheinitiationcodonplaysanimportantroleinthisp

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简介：TheaimofthepresentstudywastodeterminetheefficacyofimmunotherapywithdendriticcellstoelicitEBV-specificCTL-immunityinadvancedcasesofEBV-positivepatientswithnasopharyngealcarcinoma(NPC)andtodeterminethesafetyandtoxicityofthispreparation.NinecasesofhistologicallyconfirmedpatientswithNPCundergoingtreatmentwithradiologicaltherapywereenrolledinthisstudy.Dendriticcells,generatedinvitrofrombloodmonocytesofpatientswereculturedandmaturedwithcytokinesandtheninfectedwithrecombinantadenovirusvaccinecontainingEBV-latentmembraneprotein-2(Ad-LMP2).On9days'cultivationofcells,thematuredDCswereharvested,irradiatedwithCoandtheninjectedintradermallytopatientswithNPC.Theinjectionswereperformed3timestotally.Afterimmunization,theCTLresponseswereassayedbymeansofcytotoxicityandepitope-specificIFN-γproduction.Theresultsofthistrialshowedthatallpatientscouldtoleratethiskindoftreatmentwithoutanysideeffect,duringwhichmarkedincreaseofLMP2-specificCTL-responsescouldbedemonstratedin5patientsofthisgroup.AndthelevelofIgA/VCAantibodydecreasedin8of9patients,thusaccountingforabetterprognosisforthesepatients.Allpatientswillbefollowedupforanotheroneyear.Atleast,thepresentworkshowsthatintradermalvaccinationwithautologousDCsinfectedwithrecombinantAd-LMP2adenovirusisasafeprocedureinNPCpatients,inwhichthisprocedurecanenhancetheLMP2-specificCTLresponsesinpatients.Thesedataareencouragingtodevelopmoreeffectivevaccinestrategiesforthetreatmentofnasopharyngealcarcinoma.

简介：AbstractObjective:To explore the best timing for frozen embryo transfer (FET) after ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval using the clomiphene citrate (CC) + human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) ovulation induction regimen through a retrospective analysis.Methods:Data of patients who underwent CC + hMG ovulation induction and FET from January 2014 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into three groups according to the interval from egg retrieval to FET: CC1 (within 1 menstrual cycle), CC2 (2 menstrual cycles), and CC3 (≥ 3 menstrual cycles). Indicators such as hormone levels and pregnancy outcomes were recorded to explore the effect of different intervals on pregnancy outcome.Results:A total of 1,082 transfer cycles were included in this retrospective analysis. The implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates in the CC1 group were significantly lower than those in the CC2 and CC3 groups (P < 0.05). The E2/P4 ratio on progesterone injection day (3 days before thawed embryo transfer) was lower in the CC1 group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). After adjusting for all factors using multifactor regression analysis, the interval between egg retrieval and FET was found to be an independent predictor of the implantation, pregnancy, and live birth rates.Conclusion:An interval of more than one menstrual cycle between the day of egg retrieval after ovarian stimulation with the CC + hMG ovulation induction regimen and the day of FET can result in high implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates, which can lead to an improved pregnancy outcome.

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatethetryptaseandhistaminereleaseabilityofhumancolonmastcellsuponIgEdependentorindependentactivationandthepotentialmechanisms.METHODS:Enzymaticallydispersedcellsfromhumancolonswerechallengedwithanti-IgEorcalciumionophoreA23187,andthecellsupernatantsafterchallengewerecollected.Bothconcentrationdependentandtimecoursestudieswithanti-IgEorcalciumionophoreA23187wereperformed.TryptasereleasewasdeterminedwithasandwichELISAprocedureandhistaminereleasewasmeasuredusingaglassfibre-basedfiuorometricassay.RESULTS:Bothanti-IgEandcalciumionophorewereabletoinducedosedependentreleaseofhistaminefromcolonmastcellswithuptoapproximately60%and25%nethistaminereleasebeingachievedwith1μg/mLcalciumionophoreand10μg/mLanti-IgE,respectively.Dosedependentreleaseoftryptasewasalsoobservedwithuptoapproximately19ng/mLand21ng/mLreleaseoftryptasebeingachievedwith10μg/mLanti-IgEand1μg/mLcalciumionophore,respectively.Timecoursestudyrevealedthatbothtryptaseandhistaminereleasefromcolonmastcellsstimulatedbyanti-IgEinitiatedwithin10secandreachedtheirmaximumreleaseat6minfollowingchallenge.Pretreatmentofcellswithmetabolicinhibitorsabolishedtheactionsofanti-IgEaswellascalciumionophore.Tryptaseandhistaminerelease,particularlythatinducedbycalciumionophorewasinhibitedbypretreatmentofcellswithpertussistoxin.CONCLUSION:Bothanti-IgEandcalciumionophoreareabletoinducesignificantreleaseoftryptaseandhistaminefromcolonmastcells,indicatingthatthiscelltypeislikelytocontributetothepathogenesisofcolitisandothermastcellassociatedintestinaldiseases.

简介：Apoptotic房间转移被发现了能便于allograft的嫁接。然而，内在的机制尚待充分被理解。这里，我们证明施主apoptoticsplenocytes的静脉内的管理能由导致tolerogenic的产生支持胰腺的小岛嫁接树枝状的房间(Tol-DCs)和CD4+Foxp3+规章的T房间(Tregs)。在vivo，树枝状的房间(DC)或Tregs的清理由apoptotic房间管理阻止了有免疫力的忍耐的正式就职。用anti-CD25的Tregs的短暂消除，monoclonal抗体(mAb)在apoptoticsplenocytes的管理以后废除了Tol-DCs的产生。相互地，在用白喉毒素(DT)的CD11c数据终端就绪老鼠以内的DC的弄空与apoptoticsplenocytes的管理在接受者阻止了Tregs的产生。在二个房间之间的房间接触打的由直接要求，并且规划了死亡1ligand(PD-L1)的Tol-DCs的Tregs的正式就职在Tregs扩大起了重要作用。Apoptotic房间管理没能在IL-10-deficient和Smad3缺乏的老鼠导致Tol-DCs，建议那IL-10和转变生长factor-β；(TGF-β；)被需要处于tolerogenic状态维持DC。因此，我们证明Tol-DCs在他们的表面上并且相互地经由PD-L1支持Tregs的扩大Tregs便于Tol-DCs维持apoptotic房间经由secretingIL-10和TGF-β导致的移植忍耐；。

简介：瞄准：评估赌注等级的处理结果在有由于精索静脉曲张的非妨碍的精子缺乏或严重oligoteratoasthenospermia(OTA)的人的内部精子的静脉硬化疗法。方法：在1995年9月和2004年1月之间，47个病人(意味着年龄33.8+/-6.3年)经历了赌注等级为有精子缺乏(14个病人)或严重OTA(33个病人)的精索静脉曲张的治疗的内部精子的静脉硬化疗法。阴囊的核心活体检视也在提供了知情同意的完全的azoospermic病人被执行。结果在精液参数和概念率以改进被估计。结果：(89.4%)4247个病人有双边的精索静脉曲张。浆液滤泡刺激荷尔蒙(FSH)没与精子缺乏和严重OTA在病人之间不同。在24.8+/-的后续以后9.2个月，重要改进在35个病人(74.5%)在吝啬的精子集中，活动性和形态学被注意。在组之间的比较在严重OTA组在后续期间揭示了精子集中，活动性和正常形态学的显著地更高的价值。怀孕在14种情况(29.8%)中被完成。有精子发生的手术后的正式就职的azoospermic病人的阴囊的组织病理学说在精细胞舞台揭示了成熟停止，Sertoli-cell-only(SCO)与焦点的精子发生或低亚硫酸钠精子发生。任何一个都没在治疗以后有在精母细胞舞台的纯SCO模式或成熟停止的病人完成精子发生。外科手术前的浆液FSH层次没联系结果到治疗。结论：前进的的内部精子的静脉硬化疗法是为征兆的精索静脉曲张的容易、有效的治疗。它能显著地颠倒阴囊的机能障碍并且与精子缺乏在人与严重OTA，以及induce精子生产在人改进精子发生，改进妊娠率在代替肥沃的夫妇。

简介：Theabilitytomodulatethefutureliverremnant(FLR)isakeycomponentofmodernoncologichepatobiliarysurgerypracticeandhasextendedsurgicalcandidacyforpatientswhomayhavebeenpreviouslythoughtunabletosurviveliverresection.MultipletechniqueshavebeendevelopedtoaugmenttheFLRincludingportalveinembolization(PVE),associatingliverpartitionandportalveinligation(ALPPS),andtherecentlyreportedtranshepaticlivervenousdeprivation(LVD).PVEisawell-establishedmeanstoimprovethesafetyofliverresectionbyredirectingbloodflowtotheFLRinanefforttoselectivelyhypertrophyandultimatelyimprovefunctionalreserveoftheFLR.ThisarticlediscussesthecurrentpracticeofPVEwithfocusonsummarizingthelargenumberofpublishedreportsfromwhichoutcomesbasedpracticeshavebeendeveloped.BothtechnicalaspectsofPVEincludingvolumetry,approaches,andembolizationagents;andclinicalaspectsofPVEincludingdatasupportingindications,anditsroleinconjunctionwithchemotherapyandtransarterialembolizationwillbehighlighted.PVEremainsanimportantaspectofoncologiccare;inlargepartduetothesubstantialfoundationofinformationavailabledemonstratingitsclearclinicalbenefitforhepaticresectioncandidateswithsmallanticipatedFLRs.

简介：AbstractObjective:To investigate the effect of early versus late amniotomy after induction of labor (IOL) with vaginally administered misoprostol.Methods:This randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menoufia University, from May 2019 to March 2020, and included 120 nulliparous women at term (≥ 37 weeks’ gestation) undergoing IOL. Computer-generated randomization was used to randomize the participants into either the early amniotomy group (3 cm cervical dilatation; n = 60) or the late amniotomy group (7 cm cervical dilatation; n = 60). All participants received misoprostol (25 µg) vaginally to induce labor. The primary outcome was the induction-to-delivery interval, defined as the time from the initiation of IOL to the time of delivery.Results:Women in the early amniotomy group had a shorter duration of labor (12.60 ± 5.36 h) than those in the late amniotomy group (16.67 ± 7.26 h). The mean time from rupture of the fetal membrane to delivery was significantly shorter in the late (2.51 ± 0.36 h) than in the early amniotomy group (3.1 ± 0.89 h). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of maternal complications (fever, nausea, vomiting, and uterine hyperstimulation) or neonatal complications (meconium-stained liquor, APGAR score <7 at 1 and 5 min, and neonatal intensive care unit admission).Conclusions:IOL using vaginally administered misoprostol followed by early amniotomy was accompanied by a shorter duration of labor and decreased use of oxytocin. There was no significant difference between the early and late amniotomy groups in terms of the rate of cesarean section or maternal and neonatal complications.

简介：AbstractBackgrounds:At present, there is no consensus on the induction methods in term pregnancy with borderline oligohydramnios. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and pregnancy outcomes of labor induction with dinoprostone or single-balloon catheter (SBC) in term nulliparous women with borderline oligohydramnios.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 2016 to November 2018. During the study period, a total of 244 cases were enrolled. Of these, 103 cases were selected for induction using dinoprostone and 141 cases were selected for induction with SBC. The pregnancy outcomes between the two groups were compared. Primary outcomes were successful vaginal delivery rates. Secondary outcomes were maternal and neonatal adverse events. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors for vaginal delivery failure in the two groups.Results:The successful vaginal delivery rates were similar between the dinoprostone group and the SBC group (64.1% [66/103] vs. 59.6%, [84/141] P = 0.475), even after adjustment for potential confounding factors (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57-2.00, P = 0.835). The incidence of intra-amniotic infection was lower in the dinoprostone group than in the SBC group (1.9% [2/103] vs. 7.8% [11/141], P < 0.001), but the presence of non-reassuring fetal heart rate was higher in the dinoprostone group than in the SBC group (12.6% [13/103] vs. 0.7%, [1/141] P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that nuchal cord was a risk factor for vaginal delivery failure after induction with dinoprostone (aOR: 6.71, 95% CI: 1.96-22.95). There were three factors related to vaginal delivery failure after induction with SBC, namely gestational age (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.07-2.14), body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2 (aOR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.10-8.02), and fetal weight >3500 g (aOR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.12-5.50).Conclusions:Term nulliparous women with borderline oligohydramnios have similar successful vaginal delivery rates after induction with dinoprostone or SBC, with their advantages and disadvantages. In women with nuchal cord, the risk of vaginal delivery failure is increased if dinoprostone is used in the induction of labor. BMI >30 kg/m2, large gestational age, and estimated fetal weight >3500 g are risk factors for vaginal delivery failure after induction with SBC.

简介：AbstractObjective:To evaluate the survival outcomes for a cohort of nasopharyngeal cancer with intracranial extension (ICE) treated with induction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by chemo-intensity-modulated radiotherapy (CTRT) at a tertiary cancer center.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 45 patients with histologically proven, non-metastatic NPC with ICE treated at our institute between October 2008 and October 2016. Patients were classified as minor ICE or major ICE, based on the extent of ICE. All the patients received 2-3 cycles of a taxane-based ICT regimen followed by CTRT. Radiotherapy was delivered with "riskadapted" intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique in all patients.Results:After a median follow up of 45 months (range: 8-113 months), the estimated 5-year DFS, LRFS, DMFS, and OS of the entire cohort was 58%, 82%, 67% and 74% respectively. On multivariate analysis, histological subtype was an independent predictor of LRFS, and age was an independent predictor of DFS. The extent of ICE showed only a trend towards worse DFS (P= 0.06). None of the factors significantly predicted for DMFS or OS. Gender, N-stage, and response to ICT did not significantly affect any of the outcomes. Grade 2 or worse subcutaneous fibrosis was seen in 22% of patients and grade 2 or worse xerostomia was seen in 24% of patients at last follow up. Thirty-three percent of the patients developed clinical hypothyroidism at last follow up. None of the patients experienced any neurological or vascular complications.Conclusions:Taxane-based induction chemotherapy followed by chemo-intensity modulated radiotherapy resulted in excellent locoregional control and survival with acceptable toxicities in patients of nasopharyngeal cancer with intracranial extension. Distant metastasis continues to be the predominant problem in these patients.