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简介：Heartfailureposesanincreasingproblemforglobalhealthcaresystems.Theepidemiologicaldatawhichhavebeenaccruedoverthelast30yearshavepredominantlybeenaccumulatedfromexperiencewithinNorthAmericaandEurope.TheEuropeanexperienceinheartfailure,althoughsimilartothatinNorthAmerica,hasrecentlydemonstrateddifferencesinhospitalizationwhichmayunderliethedifferencesbetweenhealthcaresystemconfigurations.Despitethepredictedincreaseinthenumberofpatientsaffectedbyheartfailure,overthelast30yearsaclearmanagementalgorithmhasevolvedfortheuseofpharmacotherapies,device-basedtherapies,andmechanicaltherapies,includingleftventricularassistdevicesandcardiactransplantation.Althoughthetreatmentofsuchpatientshasbeenclearlydelineatedinnationalandinternationalguidelines,theunderuseofallavailableandappropriatetherapiesremainsasignificantproblem.ThepurposeofthisreviewistoprovideaEuropeanperspectiveonmanagementofheartfailure.

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简介：SincePresidentNixonvisitedChinain1972,theicehasbrokeninChina-U.S.relations.In1979,thetwocountriesnormalizedbilateralrelationsbyestablishingdiplomaticrelations.Overthepastthreedecades,bilateralrelationshaveexperiencedcomplicatedandconvolutedchange.Today,China-U.S.relationsareentering

简介：TheconfigurationmanagementtoolCMThasbeenusedsinceseveralyearsnow,andinquitsdifferentprojects(Virgo,GLAST,LHCb,Auger,Atlas,etc).Thefeaturesofthetoolhavecontinuouslyevolvedaccordingtothegrowingneedsofthedevelopersandtofollowtheincreasingcomplexityofthesoftwarebasesithastoservice,Howevertheoriginalconcepts:readability,simplicity,flexibility,completenesshavebeenpreservedandthesyntanofthecoreelementofthesystem-therequirementsfile-hasbeenalwaysketpbackwardcompatible.MoreandmoreprojectspecificconventionsandneedshavefounrtheirexpressionusingCMT,andsimultaneouslythefocuesetoCMTfeatureshaveevolvedaccordingly,progressivelyraisingimportancetowardslanguagecustomisation,newdocumentgeneratorsproductionofpatterns,packageorganizationandsoftwaredistribution.ThebasicpropertiesoftheCMTtoolkitwillbeshortlypresentedbutthefocusofthediscussionwillbesettotheCMTtoolkitwillbeshortlypresentedbutthefocusofthediscussionwillbesettoptheserecentevolutions,throughtsometypicalexamplesobtainedfromactualprojectsshowingspecificdefinitionsorconventions.Thediscussionisthenextendedtowardsthegeneralizedquestionofthescalabilityinsoftwareproductionandmanagementinthecontextofe.g.Gridtechnologies.TheimpactofusinggenericandhighleveltoolssuchasCMT,whichalreadyoffersseveralsolutions,RPMortheGridtechnologies,inthisrespectwillbepresented.Inparticular,theroleofformalspecificationsforthesoftwareconfigurationappearstobecriticalforquerymechanismsrequiredinmanagementoperationsorinremoteactions.

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简介：<正>OneofthemandatesItriedtoembracewhenIwaspresidentoftheInternationalSocietyofBiomechanics(2007-2009)wastofoster,encourage,andbringtothelimelight,theresearchactivitiesfromcountriesthatwereunderrepresentedinternationally.Irealizedthatsuchunderrepresentationwasoftentheresultofbarriersbetweenscientificcommunitiesthathadevolvedhistorically,basedonbackground,language,scientificmethod,financialsupportetc.,barriersthatcouldeasilybeovercomebypersonalcontacts,acknowledgementof

简介：Theobjectiveofconformancetestingistodeterminewhetheranimplementationundertest(IUT)conformstoitsspecification.Indistributedtestarchitecturewheretherearemultipleremotetesters,theobjectivecanbecomplicatedbythefactthattestersmayencountercontrollabilityandobservabilityproblemsduringtheapplicationofatestsequence.Acertainamountofworkhasbeendoneintheareaofgeneratingtestsequencethatisfreefromtheseproblems.However,fewresearchersinvestigatethemfromtheaspectoftestexecution.Thisworkstudiesthetestexecutionphasewhentestsequencesareappliedtotheimple-mentationanditispointedoutthatcontrollabilityandobservabilityproblemscanberesolvedifandonlyifthetestsystemim-plementssometimingconstraints.Whendeterminingtheseconstraints,thedynamictimeinformationduringtestistakenintoaccount,whichreducesthetestexecutiontimeandimprovestestefficiencyfurther.

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简介：TheemergenceofinternationalrelationsthinktanksreflectshistoricchangesinChina’srelationswiththeworldandisaresultofChina’sneedtobetterunderstandtheinternationalsituationandtohaveagreaterimpactonit.Italsoreflectsthethirstfor'intellectualsupport'forforeignpolicyandstrategy,andthisisasignofprogressinChina’sgovernancesystem.

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简介：Tosomeextent,China’ssecurityenvironmentdependsonifithasactivecreation,understanding,attentionandvigilanceonthecommoninterestsofthesurroundingareasandgroupsofstates,andifitcouldtaketimelyandpropercountermeasures.Inmypersonalview,twoprinciplesshouldbetakenintoconsideration.Thefirstprincipleisto

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简介：SincetheFederalReserve'sfirstratehikein2015,theFed'smonthlybenchmarkinterestratehasrisentwicefrom0.12percentinOctober2015to0.66percentinFebruary2017,andfromtheFed'smonetarypolicydynamics,Interestrateswillcontinuetorise,sotheUSinterestratecyclehascome.DespiteofChinesemorestringentcapitalcontrols,theUnitedStates,astheissuingcountry,whosemonetarypolicyisboundtocauseChinatobeundiscoveredimpact.WhereshouldtheshockcomefromandhowshouldChinarespondto?Wemustfacethesequestions.Therefore,thispaperisaimedtoputforwardtheresponseplanthroughmacroeconomicanalysis.

简介：这篇论文处理格子技术没象1990年代的网技术一样快传播的问题。在过去的10年里，可观的努力被放进格子计算。许多进步被取得了；更重要地，基础质问；这块地的必要问题正在出现。这篇论文集中于网格系统软件研究的区域，；主张网格系统软件的可用性必须被提高。它识别四个可用性问题，从国际格子研究经验绘画。它也在探讨这些挑战由Vega格子队介绍进展。