简介:Therearebillionsoftinyscalesonthebutterflywings,whicharrayregularlyasthetilesontheroof.Suchtiltscanformvariouscolorsofthewingandaffordthespeciesmanyabilitiestosurviveandpropagate.MorphologicalexperimentsonthewingscalesofsixbutterflyspecieslivinginnortheastofChinawereconducted.Bytheopticsmicroscope,theform,geometrydimensionandarrayofthescaleswereobservedgenerally.Byusingscanningelectronmicroscope(SEM),the2Dscanningandmeasurementwerecarriedoutandthesurfacemicroconfigurationsofscaleswereobserved.Thedimensionandmicrostructurecharacteristicsofthecrosssectionofsinglescalewereachievedthroughtransmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM).Finally,byusing3Dsoftware,three3Dmodelsweredescribedandthe3Dvisualeffectwasachieved.Thisworkcanputforwardabasicmethodforthefuturestudyonthemorphologyofbiologicalmicrostructure.
简介:「ButterflyCaught」是MassiveAttack乐队新专辑「100thWindow」的第二首单曲,在这部MV中,我们看到一只飞蛾栖息在歌手的身边,鼓动着羽翼,渐渐的,飞蛾和歌手的脸融为一体,歌手的脸慢慢转变成飞蛾的纹理……
简介:Twenty-ninespeciesofbutterflieswerecollectedforobservationanddeterminationofthewingsurfacesusingaScanningElectronMicroscope(SEM).Butterflywingsurfacedisplaysstructuralanisotropisminmicro-,submicro-andnano-scales.Thescalesonbutterflywingsurfacearrangelikeoverlappingrooftiles.Therearesubmicrometricverticalgibbosities,horizontallinks,andnano-protuberancesonthescales.First-incline-then-dripmethodandfirst-drip-then-inclinemethodwereusedtomeasuretheSlidingAngle(SA)ofdropletonbutterflywingsurfacebyanopticalContactAngle(CA)measuringsystem.Relativelysmallerslidinganglesindicatethatthebutterflywingsurfacehasfineself-cleaningproperty.SignificantlydifferentSAsinvariousdirectionsindicatetheanisotropicself-cleaningpropertyofbutterflywingsurface.TheSAsonthebutterflywingsurfacewithoutscalesareremarkablylargerthanthosewithscales,whichprovesthecrucialroleofscalesindeterminingtheself-cleaningproperty.Butterflywingsurfaceisatemplatefordesignandfabricationofbiomimeticmaterialsandself-cleaningsubstrates.Thisworkmayofferinsightsintohowtodesigndirectionalself-cleaningcoatingsandanisotropicwettingsurface.
简介:Superluminescencediode(SLD)moduleswithwidespectrumcharacteristicsarerequiredinfibergyroscopes.A1.3μmbutterflypackagedsuperluminescencediodewiththespectrumwidthover30nmisreportedandrecentadvancesinprocessofSLDisdescribedinthepaper.TheSLDmoduleshavebeenappliedtofibergyroscopes.
简介:Natureconservationneedspeoplewhocareaboutnature,andtheeffortstoconvincepeopletocareaboutthefateofnaturehasextensivelyreliedonselectedcharismaticspecies,the'conservationicons'.Onefamousexampleisthegreatpanda,Ailuropodamelanoleuca,wellknownastheWorldWideFundforNature(WWF)logo.Whenitcomestoinvertebrates,the
简介:Thecontactanglesofdistilledwaterandmethanolsolutiononthewingsofbutterfliesweredeterminedbyavisualcontactanglemeasuringsystem.Thescalestructuresofthewingswereobservedusingscanningelectronmicroscopy,Theinfluenceofthescalemicro-andultra-structureonthewettabilitywasinvestigated.Resultsshowthatthecontactangleofdistilledwateronthewingsurfacesvariesfrom134.0°to159.2°.Highhydrophobicityisfoundinsixspecieswithcontactanglesgreaterthan150°.Thewingsurfacesofsomespeciesarenotonlyhydrophobicbutalsoresistthewettingbymethanolsolutionwith55%concentration.OnlytwospeciesinParnassiuscannotresistthewettingbecausethemicro-structure(spindle-likeshape)andultra-structure(pinnule-likeshape)ofthewingscalesareremarkablydifferentfromthatofotherspecies.Theconcentrationofmethanolsolutionfortheoccurrenceofspreading/wettingonthewingsurfacesofdifferentspeciesvariesfrom70%to95%.Afterwettingbymethanolsolutionfor10min,thedistilledwatercontactangleonthewingsurfaceincreasesby0.8°-2.1°,showingthepromotionofcapacityagainstwettingbydistilledwater.
简介:Thestress-inducedmagneticdomainswitchinginFeGathinfilmsisstudiedusingphase-fieldmethod.Inparticular,themagneticfieldisappliedalongthe[110]directionandbiaxialstressesareappliedalong[100]and[010].Acompressivepre-stresscorrespondstoasmallercoercivemagneticfieldwhileatensilepre-stresscorrespondedtoalargercoercivefield.Atthesametime,itisalsofoundthatthetransitionbetweenbutterflyandsquare-likemagnetostrictionloopsoccursatthecriticaloppositebiaxialstressstate.Thetwodifferentevolutionscorrespondtotwodifferentmechanisms:oneisthatthesingledomainswingsacrossafanareabackandforth;theotheristhatthesingledomainturnsaclockwisecircle.Theresultscanbeexplainedbythestresstunedanisotropyenergywell.
简介:QuestionsconcerningthefunctionalroleofthehollowregionofthebutterflyPyrameisatalanta(L.)scaleareexperimentallyinvestigated.Attentionwasinitiallydirectedtothisproblembyobservationofthecomplexmicrostructureofthebutterflyscaleaswellasotherstudiesindicatinghigherliftonbutterflywingscoveredwithscale.Theaerodynamicforcesweremeasuredfortwooscillatingscalemodels.ResultsindicatedthattheaircavityofanoscillatingmodelofthePyrameisatalanta(L.)scaleincreasedtheliftbyafactorof1.15andreducedthedampingcoefficientsbyafactorof1.38.Themodificationoftheaerodynamiceffectsonthemodelofbutterflyscalewasduetoanincreaseofthevirtualairmass,whichinfluencedthebody.Thehollowregionofthescaleincreasedthevirtualairmassbyafactorof1.2.Thevirtualmassofthebutterflyscalewiththehollowregionwasrepresentedasthesumofairmassoftwoimaginarygeometricalfigures:acircularcylinderaroundthescaleandaright-angledparallelepipedwithinthehollowregion.TheinteractionmechanismofthebutterflyPyrameisatalanta(L.)scalewithaflowwasdescribed.Thisnovelinteractionmechanismexplainedmostgeometricalfeaturesoftheairpermeablebutterflyscale(invertedV-profileoftheridges,nozzleofthetipedge,hollowregion,andopeningsoftheupperlamina)andtheirarrangement.
简介:Interactionsbetweenecologicalcommunitiesofherbivoresandmicrobesarecommonlymediatedbyasharedplant.Atripartiteinteractionbetweenapathogenicfungus-hostplant-herbivorousinsectisanexampleofsuchmutualinfluences.Insuchasystemafungalpathogencommonlyhasanegativeinfluenceonthemorphologyandbiochemistryofthehostplant,withconsequencesforinsectherbivoreperformance.HerewestudiedwhetherthebiotrophicfbngusPodosphaeraferruginea,attackingthegreatburnetSanguisorbaofficinalis,affectscaterpillarperformanceoftheendangeredscarcelargebluebutterflyPhengaristeleius.Ourresultsshowedthatthepathogenicftmgusaffectedthenumberandsizeofinflorescencesproducedbyfood-plantsand,moreimportantly,hadindirect,plant-mediatedeffectsontheabundance,bodymassandimmuneresponseofcaterpillars.Specifically,wefoundtherelationshipbetweencaterpillarabundanceandvariabilityininflorescencesizeonaplanttobepositiveamonghealthyfood-plants,andnegativeamonginfectedfood-plants.Caterpillarsthatfedonhealthyfood-plantsweresmallerthanthosethatfedoninfectedfood-plantsinonestudiedseason,whiletherewasnosuchdifferenceintheotherseason.Weobservedtherelationshipbetweencaterpillarimmuneresponseandtheproportionofinfectedgreatburnetswithinahabitatpatchtobepositivewhencaterpillarsfedonhealthyfood-plants,andnegativewhencaterpillarsfedoninfectedfood-plants.OurresultssuggestthatthisbiotrophicfungalinfectionofthegreatburnetmayimposeasignificantindirectinfluenceonP.teleiuscaterpillarperformancewithpotentialconsequencesforthepopulationdynamicsandstructureofthisendangeredbutterfly.
简介:摘要目的探讨二尖瓣Butterfly修复技术应用于二尖瓣后叶严重脱垂患者外科修复的中远期疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年7月—2019年10月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院34例行外科瓣膜修复的二尖瓣后叶严重脱垂患者的临床资料。其中男21例、女13例,年龄33~73岁。患者均在浅低温体外循环下完成二尖瓣Butterfly修复技术。术后随访超声心动图,评估术中、术后二尖瓣反流程度,观察有无收缩期前向运动(SAM)现象及其他并发症。结果34例患者均成功完成二尖瓣修复,手术时间143~223 min,心肌阻断45~69 min。术中经食道超声心动图提示微量反流/无反流,均无SAM现象。患者术后均获随访5~44个月,无死亡和严重心血管不良事件。末次随访经胸超声心动图显示,轻微反流/无反流33例、无症状中度反流1例,均无SAM现象。所有患者出院/术后3个月后均停用华法林抗凝治疗。结论对于二尖瓣后叶严重脱垂患者,使用二尖瓣Butterfly修复技术可以获得较好的中远期修复效果,术中最大限度降低了二尖瓣后叶高度,避免了SAM现象,且手术技术难度不大,便于推广。