简介：Thermalconvectiveprecipitation(TCP)oftenoccursovermainlandChinainsummerwhentheareaisdominatedbythewesternPacificsubtropicalhigh(WPSH).ItiswellknownthattheWPSHoftenbringsaboutlargescalesubsidence,thenwhycoulddeepmoistconvectionoccurandwheredoesthewatervaporcomefrom?Inthispaper,adeepconvectiveprecipitationcasethathappenedon2August2003isstudiedinordertoaddressthesetwoquestions.First,thecharacteristicsoftheTCPeventareanalyzedusingtheTropicalRainfallMeasuringMission(TRMM)satellitedata,automaticweatherstationobservations,andthedatafromtheUSNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction(NCEP).Second,watervaporsourcesareidentifiedthroughexaminingsurfaceevaporation,watervaporadvection,andwatervaporfluxdivergencecalculatedbyusingaregionallyaveragedwatervaporbudgetequation.Furthermore,usinganAdvancedRegionalEta-coordinateModel(AREM),contributionsofsensibleandlatentheatfluxestotheTCParecomparedthroughfoursensitivityexperiments.TheresultsshowthatintheregionscontrolledbytheWPSH,surfacetemperaturerisesrapidlyaftersunrise.Uponreceivingenoughsensibleheat,theairgoesupandleadstoconvergenceintheloweratmosphere.Thenthewatervaporassembledfromthesurroundingsandthegroundsurfaceistransportedtotheupperlevels,andafavorableenvironmentfortheTCPforms.Amodeldatadiagnosisindicatesthatabouthalfofprecipitablewatercomesfromtheconvergenceofhorizontalfluxesofwatervapor,andtheotherhalffromsurfaceevaporation,whilelittleisfromadvection.AdditionalsensitivityexperimentsprovethatbothsensibleandlatentheatingareessentialfortheonsetoftheTCP.Thesensibleheatfluxtriggersthermodynamicascendingmotion,andthelatentheatfluxprovideswatervapor,butthecontributiontoTCPfromthelatterisalittlesmallerthanthatfromtheformer.

简介：Gao,ShoutingandLi,Xiaofan,2008,206pp.,US＄149,hardbound,Springer,ISBN978-1-4020-8275-7Recentdecadeshavewitnessedtherapiddevelopmentofcloud-systemresolvingmodels(CRM),whicharenowcapableofsimulatingcloudsystemsandaccompanyinginteractionsonscalesuptoglobal,albeitinthelatterapplicationsmall-

简介：Acoupledmaplatticeswithconvectivenonlinearityor,forshort,ConvectiveCoupledMap(CCM)isproposedinthispapertosimulatespatiotemporalchaosinfluidflows.ItisfoundthattheparameterregionofspatiotemporalchaoscanbedeterminedbythemaximalLiapunovexponentofitscomplexitytimeseries.Thissimplemodelimpliesasimilarphysicalmechanismforturbulencesuchthattheroutetospatiotemporalchaosinfluidflowscanbeenvisaged.

简介：ThispaperstudiesRayleigh-B'enardconvectionofmicropolarfluidlayerheatedfrombelowwithrealisticboundaryconditions.AspecificapproachforstabilityanalysisofaconvectiveproblembasedonvariationalprincipleisappliedtocharacterizetheRayleighnumberforquitegeneralnatureofboundingsurfaces.TheanalysisconsistsofreplacingthesetoffieldequationsbyavariationalprincipleandtheexpressionsforRayleighnumberarethenobtainedbyusingtrialfunctionsatisfyingtheessential...

简介：AnanalysisispresentedwithmagnetohydrodynamicsnaturalconvectiveflowofaviscousNewtonianfluidsaturatedporousmediuminaverticalslot.TheflowintheporousmediahasbeenmodeledusingtheBrinkmanmodel.Thefully-developedtwo-dimensionalflowfromcappedtoopenendsisconsideredforwhichacontinuumofsolutionsisobtained.Theinfluenceofpertinentparametersontheflowisdelineatedandappropriateconclusionsaredrawn.Theasymptoticbehaviourandthevolumefluxareanalyzedandincorporatedgraphicallyforthethree-parameterfamilyofsolution.

简介：在理想化的热带气旋(TC)的对流结构与变化联系在期间的物理过程乍见陆地用大气的研究Mesoscale模型，的第五产生的宾夕法尼亚州的大学公民中心在一架贝它飞机上被学习版本3(MM5)。模拟结果建议潮湿供应和增加的磨擦的抑制行动了在不同时期期间从左和TC的前面象限提高传送对流到TC的前面和权利乍见陆地。当表面潮湿流动被关掉时，在象限的另外的部分的传送对流清楚地被压制，全部的降雨被减少。当表面磨擦被增加时，降水在乍见陆地做的TC以后显示出显著增加。在低、中间的层次的更湿的空气，和在在海岸线的向陆的方面附近的高水平的更干燥的空气导致了对流可得到的势能(披肩)的高价值。因而，当表面潮湿流动被割掉时，传送对流这个区域下游地立即被提高。当表面磨擦被增加时，物理过程是类似的在以前乍见陆地。在以后乍见陆地，在陆地的向陆的方面的增加的集中在TC前面导致了提高的传送对流。与以前的调查结果一致，我们的结果建议那在期间乍见陆地，从到不对称现象的热力学的对称之一的TC结构变化由于在陆地和海之间的微分潮湿流动出现。热力学的结构的不对称现象，能被披肩的分发解释，引起不对称的降雨结构。关键词热带气旋-乍见陆地-对流不对称现象

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简介：mesoscale的进化在21222008年6月期间在Dabie山的北区域引起了强壮的降水的对流系统(MCS)被分析，与联系中央的进化一起--放大对流旋涡(MCV)。本地分析和预言系统(臀部)在水平分辨率和1-h时间分辨率在华南重降雨期间试验的3-km(SCHeREX)产生的mesoscale分析数据被利用。结果证明二个过程在对流不稳定性的改进起了关键作用。首先，低级喷气加强了并且变的mesoscale东方，导致温暖湿的气流的集中并且在中间和底层增加对流不稳定性。第二，温暖湿的气流从北方与冷气流交往了，引起在陡峭地泼出潮湿的isentropic表面的附近的增加的垂直涡度。这二个过程的联合行动引起了MCS变日益增多地东方。与MCS联系的冷凝作用释放了潜伏的热并且形成了在中间的对流层加热的大diabatic的层，增加在这层下面的潜在的涡度。潜在的涡度的这增加为低级旋涡发行量的发展创造了有利条件。进一步与这个低级旋涡联系的垂直运动支持了传送对流的发展，创造在深传送对流和低级旋涡发行量之间的积极反馈。这反馈机制不仅支持了MCS的成熟，而且在MCV的进化起了主要作用。由于伴随了旋涡的中心和传送对流的中心一起来的积极反馈的改进形成并且发展的MCV。积极反馈达到顶点，当这二个中心收敛了时，MCV成熟。积极反馈变弱，MCV开始了到二个中心分开了并且分叉的腐烂。

简介：Bymeansofadoublemirrorinterferometryatwo-dimensionaltemperaturedistributionmeasurementinconvectivethermalboundarylayersispresented.Whenthecoldairflowsalongahotplatemodel,theinterferometricfringeinsidetheboundarylayerwillbend.Accordingtothedisplacementofthefringeandtherelationbetweentemperatureandindexofrefraction,atwo-dimensionaltemperatureprofileisobtained.Allisaccomplishedbyopticaldevicewiththehelpofmicro-computerwithoutanycontactwiththeflowfield.

简介：Thetriangulationofredspriteswasobtained,basedonconcurrentobservationsoveramesoscaleconvectivesystem(MCS)inNorthChinafromtwostationsseparatedbyabout450km.Inaddition,broadbandsfericsfromthesprite-producinglightningweremeasuredatfivegroundstations,makingitpossibletolocateandidentifytheindividualcausativelightningdischargesfordifferentelementsinthisdancingspriteevent.TheresultsofouranalysesindicatethatthespriteswereproducedabovethetrailingstratiformregionoftheMCS,andtheirparentstrokeswerelocatedmainlyintheperipheralareaofthestratiform.Thelateraloffsetbetweenspritesandcausativestrokesrangesfromafewkmtomorethan50km.Inaparticularlybrightsprite,withadistincthalofeatureandstreamersdescendingdowntoanaltitudeofapproximately48km,thespritecurrentsignalidentifiedintheelectricsferic,measuredatarangeofabout1,110km,peakedatapproximately1msafterthereturnstroke.

简介：BystatisticalresearchontheoccurrencepatternofsevereconvectiveweatherinJiangsuprovinceundertheinfluenceoftropicalcycloneswithina10-yearperiod(from2001to2010),thispaperdiscoversthatamongdifferentsevereconvectiveweather,theoccurrencefrequencyofshort-rangeheavyprecipitationisthehighest,thunderstormsandgalescomeinsecond,andgeneralthunderstormsrarelyhappen,whilehailstormsandtornadoesneveroccur.Thestatisticalresultsalsoshowedthatwithintheresearchperiodthereare21tropicalcyclones(TCs)affectingtheJiangsuareaandmostofthemareinthestageofweakeningtotropicaldepressions.Moreover,throughstudyingindicesforrelevantcasesofsevereconvection,itisdiscoveredthattheirthresholdsarelowerthanthatofpreviousresearch,whichindicatedthatconvectiveinstabilityandenergyaccumulationcaneasilyleadtosevereconvectiveweathereventuallyduetotheinfluenceofTCs.

简介：许多观察研究证明了那变丑象垂直涡度和分叉一样，是仔细与强壮的降水的出现和分发有关。在这份报纸，在降水诊断包含变丑，称为潜在的变丑(PD)的一个新参数被导出然后在模仿的mesoscale以内适用于降水察觉对流系统(MCS)。PD包括拉长变丑和砍的变丑的两个并且当它不随着旋转坐标变化，到这个程度与变丑分享类似的特征，这被显示出。模仿的MCS的诊断表明PD表现很好在跟踪MCS降水。以他们的分布模式，PD的大值的区域类似于在MCS的不同发展阶段的降水。在PD以内包含的物理过程的详细分析证明它能反映三维的潮湿变化，垂直的风砍并且在MCS以内弯屈变丑。这些结构通常是在猛抛以内的表面寒冷水池，后面的流入喷气，向下冷的空气流动和向上温暖的潮湿的流动的特征的全面思考对流房间。为这个原因，PD比非猛抛的空气在猛抛的空气显示出强壮得多的异例，它在在MCS以内检测重降水为它的申请暗示可观的潜力。

简介：Basedontheresearchoftheconvectiveboundarylayer(CBL)temperaturefieldinaconvectivetank,thispaperstudiesthecharacteristicsoftheCBLvelocityfieldintheconvectivetank.Aluminiumpowder(400orders)isusedasatracerparticleintheapplicationoftheparticleimagevelocimetry(PIV)technique.Theexperimentdemonstrates:thevelocitydistributioninthemixedlayerclearlypossessesthecharacteristicsofCBLthermals;thevelocitydistributioninthetopzoneofthemixedlayershowsentrainmentlayercharacteristics;theverticaldistributionofturbulentcharacteristicvariablesisreasonable,whichissimilartofieldobservationsandothertankresults;theerroranalysisdemonstratesthevalidityofaluminiumpowder,whichimpliesthereliabilityoftheresults.

简介：Aheavyrainfallprocess,whichoccurredinShanghaiduring5-6August,2001fromalandfallingtropicaldepression(TD),isexaminedwithacontrolnumericalexperimentbasedonMM5model.Itisfoundthatthecontoursofgeneralizedequivalentpotentialtemperature(θ*)arealmostverticalwithrespecttohorizontalsurfacesneartheTDcenterandmoredenselydistributedthanthoseofequivalentpotentialtemperature(θe).Becausetheatmosphereisnon-uniformlysaturatedinreality,θ*takestheplaceofθeinthedefinitionofconvectivevorticityvector(CVV)sothatanewvector,namelythegeneralizedconvectivevorticityvector(CVV*),isappliedinthisstudy.SinceCVV*canreflectboththesecondarycirculationandthevariationofhorizontalmoistbaroclinicity,theverticalintegrationofverticalcomponentofCVV*isfound,inthisstudy,torepresenttherainfallareasintheTDcasebetterthanpotentialvorticity(PV),moistpotentialvorticity(MPV),generalizedmoistpotentialvorticity(Pm),andCVV,withhigh-valueareaofCVV*correspondingtoheavy-rainfallarea.Moreover,theanalysisfromCVV*impliesthattheHangzhouBaymightplayanimportantroleintheheavyrainprocess.AsensitivityexperimentwithouttheHangzhouBayisthendesignedandcomparedwiththecontrolrun.ItisfoundthattheCVV*becomesweakerthanthatinthecontrolrun,implyingthattheeliminationofHangzhouBayresultsinreducedrainfall.FurtheranalysesshowthattheHangzhouBayprovidessufficientwatervaporandsurfaceheatfluxtotheTDsystem,whichisveryimportanttothegenesisanddevelopmentofmesoscalecloudclustersaroundtheTDandtheassociatedheavyrainfall.

简介：ByusingtheBetts-Miller-Janji’c,Grell-Devenyi,andKain-FritschcumulusconvectiveparameterizationschemesintheWeatherResearchandForecasting(WRF)model,longtimesimulationsfrom2000to2009areconductedtoinvestigatetheimpactsofdifferentcumulusconvectiveparameterizationschemesonsummermonsoonprecipitationsimulationoverChina.Theresultsshowthatalltheschemeshavethecapabilitytoreasonablyreproducethespatialandtemporaldistributionsofsummermonsoonprecipitationandthecorrespondingbackgroundcirculation.Theobservednorth-southshiftofmonsoonrainbeltisalsowellsimulatedbythethreeschemes.DetailedcomparisonindicatesthattheGrell-Devenyischemegivesabetterperformancethantheothers.Deficiencyinsimulatedwatervaportransportisonepossiblereasonfortheprecipitationsimulationbias.

简介：从在诺思中国上的2010-14的严重天气报告和合成雷达反射率数据被用来分析严重的对流的风(SCW)的分发事件和他们雷达反射率的组织上的模式。为SCW事件的六个组织上的模式(并且他们的比例)簇房间(35.4%)，嚎啕线(18.4%)，非线性形状的系统(17.8%)，破线(11.6%)，单个房间(1.2%)，和弓回应(0.5%)。为嚎啕线和破线的山峰月是6月，而它是为另外的四个模式的7月。SCW事件的最高的数字在山上，它通常与簇房间的瓦解的系统被联系。相反，与线性系统联系的SCW主要在平原上发生了，在车站每年记录了不到一个SCW事件的一般水准的地方。有与非线性形状的系统联系的SCW的高频率的区域也经历了与嚎啕线联系的许多SCW事件。对流可得到的势能的价值，能使沉淀的水，0-3-km砍，并且0-6-km砍，比在山上在平原上是可论证地更大的，它在SCW事件的组织上的模式上有明显的效果。因此，地形学可以是在为在诺思中国上的SCW事件的组织上的模式的一个重要因素。

简介：Inthisstudy,evolutionofthemesoscaleconvectivesystems(MCSs)withinaMeiyufrontduringaparticularlyheavyrainfalleventon22June1999inEastChinawassimulatedbyusinganonhydrostaticnumericalmodelARPS(AdvancedRegionalPredictionSystem).Investigationswereconductedwithemphasisontheimpactoftheinteractionamongmulti-scaleweathersystems(MWSs)onthedevelopmentofMCSsintheMeiyufrontalenvironment.Forthiscase,thedevelopmentofMCSsexperiencedthreedifferentstages.(1)TheconvectionsassociatedwithMCSswerefirstlytriggeredbytheeastward-movingSouthwestVortex(SWV)fromtheSichuanBasin,accompanyingtheintensificationoftheupper-leveljet(ULJ)andthelow-leveljet(LLJ)thatwereapproachingtheMeiyufront.(2)Next,alow-levelshearline(LSL)formed,whichstrengthenedandorganizedtheMCSsaftertheSWVdecayed.Meanwhile,theULJandLLJenhancedandproducedfavorableconditionsfortheMCSsdevelopment.(3)Finally,astheMCSsgotintensified,amesoscaleconvectivevortex(MCV),amesoscaleLLJandamesoscaleULJwereestablished.Thenacoupled-developmentofMWSswasachievedthroughtheverticalfrontalcirculations,whichfurtherenhancedtheMCVandresultedintheheavyrainfall.ThisisanewphysicalmechanismfortheformationofMeiyuheavyrainfallrelatedtotheSWVduringthewarmseasoninEastChina.Inthethreestagesoftheheavyrainfall,theverticalfrontalcirculationsexhibiteddistinguishedstructuresandplayedadynamicrole,andtheyenhancedtheinteractionamongtheMWSs.AfurtherexaminationontheformationandevolutionoftheMCVshowedthattheMCVwasmainlycausedbythelatentheatreleaseoftheMCSs,andthepositivefeedbackbetweentheMCSsandMCVwasakeycharacteristicofthescaleinteractioninthiscase.

简介：在这篇论文，猛抛的特征在一个热对流系统(TCS)遮蔽在8月2日在15:00BT(北京时间)发生在中国的东南的大陆，2003被usingTRMM在中央西方的副热带的和平的反气旋(WSPA)学习热带降雨测量使命PR(precipitution雷达)和红外红外辐射;红外线辐射大小。在horizontal和vertical，在暴风雨顶之中的关系，云顶，和表面雨的猛抛的云结构评价特别地被分析。结果显示出那在500hPa和在处于在为TCSprecipitation发生的动力学和潮湿的中央WSPAsupply必要的条件的850hPa的潮湿流动的强壮的集中的强壮的上升表情。猛抛遮蔽的大多数TCS的水平比例尺关于30-40km的TRMMPR观察表演，他们的平均垂直比例尺在10km，和最大的reaches17.5km上面。那些TCS云的表面附近的最大的雨率在50公里h~以外(-1)。TCS云的吝啬的雨侧面证明它在5km高度的最大的雨率是比环境的估计的结冰水平低的1km。与中央相比放大对流系统(MCS)“98.7.20''，两个系统有从两吝啬的雨侧面，而是TCS显示的最大的雨率的一样的高度比MCS深得多。从到近的表面的最大的雨率的高度，侧面证明在TCS减少的那雨率在MCS是比那快的，它暗示蒸发处理发生在TCS的强壮的微滴。当暴风雨顶更低时，在云顶，暴风雨顶，和表面雨率分析之中的关系显示云顶的一个大变化。相反，越高暴风雨顶，越多一致的云顶和暴风雨顶。并且，越大表面雨率，越higher和为云顶和暴风雨顶一致的更多。在结束，结果暴露那非猛抛的云和晴朗天空的区域部分分别地是86%和2%。猛抛的区域部分遮蔽仅仅关于1/8非猛抛的云的。

简介：Inthispaper,thebasicequationsgoverningtheflowandheattransferofanincompressibleviscousandelectricallyconductingfluidpastasemi-infiniteverticalpermeableplateintheformofpartialdifferentialequationsarereducedtoasetofnon-linearordinarydifferentialequationsbyapplyingasuitablesimilaritytransformation.Approximatesolutionsofthetransformedequationsareobtainedbyemployingtheperturbationmethodfortwocases,i.e.,smallandlargevaluesofthesuctionparameter.Fromthenumericalevaluationsofthesolution,itcanbeseenthatthevelocityfieldatanypointdecreasesasthevaluesofthemagneticandsuctionparametersincrease.Theeffectofthemagneticparameteristoincreasethethermalboundarylayer.Itisalsofoundthatthevelocityandtemperaturefieldsdecreasewiththeincreaseinthesinkparameter.

简介：AsensitivenumericalsimulationstudyiscarriedouttoinvestigatetheeffectsofcondensationheatingandsurfacefluxesonthedevelopmentofaSouthChinaMCSthatoccurredduring23-24May1998.Theresultsrevealthefollowing:(1)CondensationheatingplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofMCS.Ineverydifferentstage,withoutcondensationheating,MCSprecipitationissignificantlyreduced,andquicklydissipates.(2)CondensationheatingdemonstratesmostimportantlyduringtheearlydevelopmentstagesofMCSvortex;asthevortexdevelopsstronger,thecondensationheatingeffectsreduces.(3)ByaffectingtheMCSdevelopmentprocesses,condensationheatingalsoinfluencestheformationofMCSmesoscaleenvironmentstructurefeaturessuchaslow-leveljet(mLLJ),upper-leveldivergence.(4)Bychangingtheantecedentenvironmentalcirculation,thesurfacefluxesalsoplayanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofMCS.Becauseofthesurfaceheating,pressuredeclinesovertheheavyrainfallandMCShappeningregions,whichresultsintheintensificationofsoutherlyflowsfromtheoceanalongtheSouthChinacoastlineareas,andleadstotheenhancementofhorizontalconvergenceandincreaseofvaporamountinthelowerlayer.Allofthesemaketheatmospheremoreunstableandmorefavorablefortheconvection.