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简介：【摘要】目的 对新型冠状病毒感染病例（COVID-19）进行数据分析  方法  收集本院至2022年12月20日至23年1月20日收治的新型冠状病毒感染病例的数据进行分析

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简介：AbstractVaccination is crucial in controlling the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that triggered the pandemic, but herd immunity can only work with high vaccination coverage in the population. This study aims to measure the COVID-19 knowledge level and determine the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention among university students in Malaysia. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out with 1,274 Malaysian university students in July 2021. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to examine the relationships between the study variables. Results showed that the majority of university students had an acceptable level of knowledge of COVID-19. The knowledge, risk perception of COVID-19, social norms, and perceived benefit of COVID-19 vaccination were positively associated with vaccination intention. However, perceived trust in information sources of COVID-19 vaccination and the government's response to COVID-19 did not affect the university students’ desire to receive the vaccination. These findings are essential for health policymakers and healthcare providers to implement evidence-based interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake among university students.

简介：AbstractSince the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, major innovative-oriented countries have adopted various science and technology innovation (STI) policies to address global public health challenges. Using data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development STI Database, this study analyzed international STI policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings revealed that the pandemic has dramatically stimulated the application of STI policies, and there are commonalities and differences in the STI policies of different countries. Meanwhile, COVID-19 has disrupted planning for allocating resources for STIs, leading to duplication and inefficiency. Based on the findings, this study recommends increasing research investment to address the long-term challenges of major infectious diseases, strengthening support for enterprises, promoting data sharing and openness, enhancing the internationalization of scientific research, strengthening scientific consultation and communication, and devoting more policy attention to vulnerable groups.

简介：AbstractBackground:Data on the immunogenicity and safety of heterologous immunization schedules are inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of homologous and heterologous immunization schedules.Methods:Multiple databases with relevant studies were searched with an end date of October 31, 2021, and a website including a series of Coronavirus disease 2019 studies was examined for studies before March 31, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared different heterologous and homologous regimens among adults that reported immunogenicity and safety outcomes were reviewed. Primary outcomes included neutralizing antibodies against the original strain and serious adverse events (SAEs). A network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted using a random-effects model.Results:In all, 11 RCTs were included in the systematic review, and nine were ultimately included in the NMA. Among participants who received two doses of CoronaVac, another dose of mRNA or a non-replicating viral vector vaccine resulted in a significantly higher level of neutralizing antibody than a third CoronaVac 600 sino unit (SU); a dose of BNT162b2 induced the highest geometric mean ratio (GMR) of 15.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.53-24.39. Following one dose of BNT162b2 vaccination, a dose of mRNA-1273 generated a significantly higher level of neutralizing antibody than BNT162b2 alone (GMR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.06-1.64), NVX-CoV2373 (GMR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.16-2.21), or ChAdOx1 (GMR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.25-2.59). Following one dose of ChAdOx1, a dose of mRNA-1273 was also more effective for improving antibody levels than ChAdOx1 (GMR = 11.09; 95% CI: 8.36-14.71) or NVX-CoV2373 (GMR= 2.87; 95% CI: 1.08-3.91). No significant difference in the risk for SAEs was found in any comparisons.Conclusions:Relative to vaccination with two doses of CoronaVac, a dose of BNT162b2 as a booster substantially enhances immunogenicity reactions and has a relatively acceptable risk for SAEs relative to other vaccines. For primary vaccination, schedules including mRNA vaccines induce a greater immune response. However, the comparatively higher risk for local and systemic adverse events introduced by mRNA vaccines should be noted.Registration:PROSPERO; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; No. CRD42021278149.

简介：【摘要】 COVID-19与SARS-CoV具有高度同源序列和相似的发病机制 ，SARS-CoV受体除了存在于呼吸道粘膜和肺泡上皮之外，还广泛存在于神经元细胞膜上 ，因此COVID-19很可能具有潜在神经侵袭特性，可能是重症患者出现乏力及呼吸困难原因之一。重症肌无力主要是由胆碱能受体抗体介导的，临床上的症状主要包括骨骼肌的易疲劳、无力等 。此类患者在合并急性病毒感染情况下可能出现乏力及呼吸困难进一步加重、呼吸功能恢复较缓慢情况。现提供1例重症肌无力合并重症新型冠状病毒肺感染病例，并描述了该病例的临床病程和用药治疗策略，以期为同行提供经验。

简介：【摘要】目的：通过回顾病例分析来归纳总结COVID-19病毒（新冠病毒）感染导致患者出现多器官功能损伤的临床特征、影像学特征和病情演变情况。方法：从2022.12-2023.07上海市松江区中心医院的感染科收治的感染新冠病毒患者病例资料中随机选出81例，无合并症的49例患者设为对照组，存在基础性疾病（心血管系统疾病、糖尿病、慢性呼吸道疾病、癌症等疾病的进展情况病例）的32例患者设为观察组。观察并比较两组患者的呼吸频率、SPO2（血氧饱和度）、PaO2/FiO2（动脉血氧分压/吸氧浓度的比值）、C反应蛋白、肝肾功能指标（丙氨酸氨基转移酶ALT、CR）和凝血功能指标（Ｄ-二聚体）。结果：观察组患者的呼吸频率、SPO2、PaO2/FiO2、C反应蛋白、ALT、CR和Ｄ-二聚体指标均比对照组损伤严重（p＜0.05）。结论：存在基础性疾病的新冠病毒感染患者更容易出现多器官功能损伤，合并基础疾病的患者在感染新型冠状病毒后发生重型及危重型新冠病毒肺炎几率更高。

简介：【摘要】目的：通过回顾病例分析来归纳总结COVID-19病毒（新冠病毒）感染导致患者出现多器官功能损伤的临床特征、影像学特征和病情演变情况。方法：从2022.12-2023.07上海市松江区中心医院的感染科收治的感染新冠病毒患者病例资料中随机选出81例，无合并症的49例患者设为对照组，存在基础性疾病（心血管系统疾病、糖尿病、慢性呼吸道疾病、癌症等疾病的进展情况病例）的32例患者设为观察组。观察并比较两组患者的呼吸频率、SPO2（血氧饱和度）、PaO2/FiO2（动脉血氧分压/吸氧浓度的比值）、C反应蛋白、肝肾功能指标（丙氨酸氨基转移酶ALT、CR）和凝血功能指标（Ｄ-二聚体）。结果：观察组患者的呼吸频率、SPO2、PaO2/FiO2、C反应蛋白、ALT、CR和Ｄ-二聚体指标均比对照组损伤严重（p＜0.05）。结论：存在基础性疾病的新冠病毒感染患者更容易出现多器官功能损伤，合并基础疾病的患者在感染新型冠状病毒后发生重型及危重型新冠病毒肺炎几率更高。

简介：摘要：目的：描述我院维持性血液透析（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）患者感染新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）的主要临床特征，探讨该人群COVID-19感染率和严重疾病的独立危险因素。 方法：纳入2022年12月-1月新型冠状病毒流行期间在湘潭市第二人民医院规律血液透析的患者，收集患者一般资料、实验室指标，COVID-19感染情况等，将感染COVID-19的MHD患者根据疾病严重程度分为轻/中症组和重/危重症组，比较两组之间相关指标的差异，应用多因素Logistic回归分析该人群严重疾病的影响因素。 结果：1.入选106例MHD患者（男/女：61/45），年龄（64.52±11.55）岁，透析龄中位数（5.55±4.73）年。2.Logistic 回归分析提示高龄（OR=1.127，95%CI：1.047~40.750，P=0.001）、合并胸闷气促（OR=9.265，95%CI：2.389~35.929，P=0.001）、低血红蛋白（OR=0.959，95%CI：0.921~0.998，P=0.039）是严重疾病的危险因素。 结论：MHD患者是COVID-19感染的高度易感人群，血液透析中心是疫情暴发的高风险场所；高龄、临床表现为胸闷、气促、低血红蛋白是MHD患者COVID-19感染严重疾病的危险因素。

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简介：摘要由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)引起的新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)在全球持续大流行，给全球医疗模式带来了深刻影响，更多积累的、新的医学资料提示SARS-CoV-2感染会侵犯患者多个器官，但对其引起的眼部相关病变特征及其危害仍缺乏足够认识。已有的临床资料发现，COVID-19相关眼病主要包括眼表炎性病变和眼后节的视网膜、脉络膜病变，疾病不仅表现为急性炎性反应过程，还可导致视网膜和脉络膜的微血管栓塞性病理过程，给患者，尤其是首诊为眼科的患者视力预后可能带来长期影响，准确诊断COVID-19相关眼病是眼科医生面临的挑战。眼科医生应深入了解SARS-CoV-2感染者眼病相关疾病的发生机制和发展规律，利用目前的眼科多模式影像检查以减少患者相关眼部疾病的漏诊和误诊，及时采取针对性治疗措施，尽可能降低疾病对视功能损害的风险。建议眼科临床工作者开展相关疾病的发病机制研究及多学科临床研究，以降低COVID-19相关眼病患者的致盲率，改善患者的生活质量。

简介：摘要：目的：探究人参败毒散加减治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)作用机制。方法：选取2022年1月-2023年1月期间我院收治的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者50例，作为本次的研究对象。按照数字表法将纳入对象随机分为观察组和对照组，每组各25例。对照组予以常规西药治疗；观察组加用人参败毒散加减。比照组间治疗效果、血气分析指标、不良反应的发生情况。结果：观察组的临床治疗有效率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）；治疗前，两组PaCO2、PaO2无显著差异（P＞0.05)；治疗后，观察组PaO2显著高于对照组，PaCO2显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组不良反应发生率显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：在新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗中，采用人参败毒散加减治疗方案，应用临床效果显著，有助于改善患者多项临床指标，临床应用价值较高。

简介：【摘要】目的：分析新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情防控期间发热留观患者的心理体验并探讨其干预对策。方法：于我院2020年6月-2022年1月发热门诊收治的发热留观患者中选取100例，收集其一般资料，分析其心理特点。对所有患者进行心理干预，对比干预前后心理状态、COVID-19疫情认知水平、自我防护能力及生活质量。结果：干预前患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）水平较高，均有抑郁、焦虑情况，干预后患者HAMD、HAMA水平显著降低（p＜0.05）；干预前患者心理适应量表（PAS）量表得分较低，干预后患者应对能力、自强、社交能力及心理成长及总分均升高（p＜0.05）；干预前患者SF-36得分较低，干预后躯体角色、活力、社会功能、情绪角色、心理卫生及总分均高于干预前（p＜0.05）；干预前患者COVID-19疫情认知水平较低，干预后COVID-19疫情认知问卷得分升高（p＜0.05）。结论：COVID-19疫情防控期间发热留观患者对疫情认知水平较低，容易产生抑郁、焦虑等不良情绪，对此类患者应针对性给予心理干预，普及疫情相关知识，提高疫情认知水平，从而缓解负性心理。

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简介：摘要目的调查疫情时期被封闭管理的医科院校研究生的心理健康状况并提出相应的缓解措施。方法2022年9月采用线上及线下问卷调查的形式对疫情突发后在校封闭的323名宁夏医科大学的在读研究生（包括男性94名，女性229名）采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、简单应对方式、事件影响量表-修改版（IES-R）及与此次疫情相关的自编量表进行调查；采用t检验、χ2检验。结果SDS评分为（47.59±11.16）分，抑郁状态检出率为33.44%（108/323）。SAS评分为（40.12±8.93）分，焦虑状态检出率为12.69%（41/323）。焦虑抑郁状态的共患病率为16.25%（39/323）；疫情封校管理期间的消极应对与抑郁状态、焦虑状态及应激水平均存在正相关（均P<0.05）。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情封校管理期间医学研究生消极应对与抑郁状态、焦虑状态以及应激水平均存在显著正相关。面对突发公共卫生事件，医学研究生作为一个特殊群体，面对疫情会有一定的焦虑，提示医学研究生在突发公共卫生事件下容易出现抑郁和焦虑症状，需引起一定关注。