简介：Adaptivecritic(AC)basedcontrollersaretypicallydiscreteand/oryieldauniformlyultimatelyboundedstabilityresultbecauseofthepresenceofdisturbancesandunknownapproximationerrors.Acontinuous-timeACcontrollerisdevelopedthatyieldsasymptotictrackingofaclassofuncertainnonlinearsystemswithboundeddisturbances.TheproposedAC-basedcontrollerconsistsoftwoneuralnetworks(NNs)-anactionNN,alsocalledtheactor,whichapproximatestheplantdynamicsandgeneratesappropriatecon...

简介：我是名学美术的学生，画了许多画。很多人都自称懂得现代艺术。他们总是告诉你某幅画的意思。当然，许多画并没有什么意思。它们只不过是些漂亮的图案。我们喜欢它们就像喜欢漂亮的窗帘料子。我认为小孩往往比任何人都更擅长欣赏现代画。他们观察得更细致些。我妹妹只有7岁，但她总能评价出我画的好坏。昨天她到我房间来。

简介：Theadaptivecriticheuristichasbeenapopularalgorithminreinforcementlearning(RL)andapproximatedynamicprogramming(ADP)alike.ItisoneofthefirstRLandADPalgorithms.RLandADPalgorithmsareparticularlyusefulforsolvingMarkovdecisionprocesses(MDPs)thatsufferfromthecursesofdimensionalityandmodeling.Manyreal-worldproblems,however,tendtobesemi-Markovdecisionprocesses(SMDPs)inwhichthetimespentineachtransitionoftheunderlyingMarkovchainsisitselfarandomvariab...

简介：Approximatedynamicprogramming(ADP)formulationimplementedwithanadaptivecritic(AC)-basedneuralnetwork(NN)structurehasevolvedasapowerfultechniqueforsolvingtheHamilton-Jacobi-Bellman(HJB)equations.AsinterestinADPandtheACsolutionsareescalatingwithtime,thereisadireneedtoconsiderpossibleenablingfactorsfortheirimplementations.AtypicalACstructureconsistsoftwointeractingNNs,whichiscomputationallyexpensive.Inthispaper,anewarchitecture,calledthe'cost-functio...

简介：摘要；为更加全面评价兰州城市交通拥堵情况，本文构建交通趋势的指标，采用CRITIC_TOPSIS方法，定量分析兰州交通拥堵演变趋势，并将此方法应用于兰州四条主要的交通干道中进行趋势评价，并对缓解交通拥堵问题提出相应建议。