简介:<正>ThescrollofPureBrightnessontheRiverdrawnbytheChinesetraditionalpaintingmasterZeduanZhangdepictsawell-offsceneofDongjing(presentcityofKaifeng),whichwasthecapitaloftheNorthernSongdynastyathousandyearagoandwasthetop-rankingmetropolisatthattime.Thescroll
简介:Theprocessesreportedforthepreparationoflanthanumhexaboride(LaB6)fromlanthanumoxideinvolvetheuseofcarboneitherelementalorintheformofboroncarbideorelementalboronitselfasreducingagents,fusedsaltsathightemperaturesorreactionswhichrequiretheproductboridetobeleachedout.Eachofthesetechniqueseitherincreasestheprocesscostsand/orincreaseschancesofcontaminationinfi-nalproduct.PureLaB6canbestbepreparedbyareactionwhichproducesagaseousbyprodu...
简介:Objective:Puremucinousbreastcarcinoma(PMBC)isanuncommonhistologicaltypeofbreastcancercharacterizedbyalargeamountofmucinproduction.MicroRNA(miRNA)isalargeclassofsmallnoncodingRNAofabout22ntinvolvedintheregulationofvariousbiologicalprocesses.ThisstudyaimstoidentifythemiRNAexpressionprofileinPMBC.Methods:MiRNAexpressionprofilesin11PMBCswereanalyzedbymiRNA-microarrayandreal-timepolymerasechainreaction(PCR).Thirty-onePMBCsand27invasiveductalcarcinomaofnospecialtypes(IDC-NSTs)wereassessedbyimmunohistochemistryusingantibodiesagainstER,PR-progesteronereceptor,HER2,Ki-67,Bcl-2,p53,PCNA,andCK5and6.Results:WeanalyzedthemiRNAexpressionin11PMBCsandcorrespondingnormaltissuesusingmiRNA-microarrayandreal-timePCR,andfoundthatmiR-143andmiR-224-5pweresignificantlydownregulatedinmucinouscarcinomatissue.ComparedwithIDC-NSTs,PMBCshowedasignificantlyhigherERpositiverate,lowerHER-2positiverate,andlowercellproliferationrates.Conclusions:Toourknowledge,thisisthefirststudytodemonstratethemiRNAexpressionprofileofPMBC,andourfindingsmayleadtofurtherunderstandingofthistypeofbreastcancer.
简介:TheviscosityofCumeltisobtainedtobeintherangesfrom2.418to3.039mPa.sundervacuumatmosphere(2Pa),from2.907to3.425mPa.sundernitrogengasatmosphereandfrom3.352to4.015mPa.sunderargongasatmosphere.Theactivationenergyisestimatedtobe0.224,0.162and0.150eVforthevacuumatmosphere(2Pa),nitrogengasatmosphereandargongasatmosphere,respectively.TheresultsreflecttheessentialstructurealchangeintheCumeltbyusingdifferentatmospheres.
简介:Amechanismisproposedfornucleatepoolboilingheattransferalongwithageneralmodelforbothpureliquidsandbinarymixtrues.Acombinedphysicalmodelofbubblegrowthisalsoproposedalongwithacorrespondingbubblegrowthmodelforpureliquidsonsmoothtubes.Usingthegeneralmodelandthebubblegrowthmodelforpureliquids,ananalyticaslmodelfornucleatepoolboilingheattransferofpureliquidsonsmoothtubesisdeveloped.
简介:Thisstudyexploresreasonsfortherandomoccurrenceofstampingcracksduringtheproductionofpureironmagneticshieldingcovers.Scanningelectronmicroscopyandenergyspectrumareusedtoobservecrackswithinparts,andresultsshowsignificantbrittlefracturemorphologywithchunksofmanganesesilicateandaluminumsilicateinclusionspresentinthefracturesurface.Thechemicalcomposition,mechanicalproperties,andmicrostructurearealsoanalyzedforacorrespondingbatchofcoldrolledpureironsheet.Theoxygencontentofthematerialisfoundtobehigh,resultingintherandomdistributionofalargeamountoflongchainmanganesesilicateandaluminumsilicateinclusionsalongtherollingdirection,whichcorrespondstoinclusionsfoundonthefracturedsurface.Thestampingcracksarethusassumedtobecausedbytherandomlydistributedchainofinclusionswithinthecoldrolledsheet.Itissuggestedthattheamountofdeoxidizerusedshouldbemorecarefullycontrolledtodecreasetheinclusioncontentsandtothusavoidtherecurrenceofsuchdefects.
简介:Zincwasrecentlysuggestedtobeapotentialcandidatematerialfordegradablecoronaryarterystent.Thecorrosionbehaviorofpurezincexposedtor-SBFupto336hwasinvestigatedbyelectrochemicalmeasurementsandimmersiontests.Themorphologyandchemicalcompositesofthecorrosionproductswereinvestigatedbyscanningelectronmicroscope,grazing-incidenceX-raydiffraction,X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopyandFouriertransforminfraredspectrometer.Theresultsdemonstratethattheinitialcorrosionproductsonthepurezincmainlyconsistofzincoxide/hydroxideandzinc/calciumphosphatecompounds.ThepureZnencountersuniformcorrosionwithanestimatedcorrosionrateof0.02-0.07mmy^-1duringtheimmersion,whichsuggeststhesuitabilityofpureZnforbiomedicalapplications.
简介:HeattransfercoefficientsinnucleateboilingonasmoothflatsurfaceweremeasuredforpurefluidsofR-134a,propane,isobutaneandtheirbinarymixturesatdifferentpressurefrom0.1to0.6MPa.Seriesofexperimentswithdifferentheatfluxandmixtureconcentrationswerecarriedout.Theinfluencesofpressureandheatfluxontheheattransfercoefficientfordifferentpurefluidswerestudied.Isobutaneandpropanewereusedtomakeupbinarymixtures.Comparedtothepurecomponents,binarymixturesshowlowerheattransfercoefficients.Thisreductionwasmorepronouncedastheheatfluxincreasing.Severalheattransfercorrelationsareobtainedfordifferentpurerefrigerantsandtheirbinarymixtures.
简介:Objective:Secretorybreastcarcinoma(SBC)isararetypeofbreastmalignancy,accountingforlessthan0.02%ofallinfiltratingbreastmalignancies.ThepureSBC,atypeofSBCwithoutanothertypeofbreastmalignantneoplasm,isparticularlyrare.ThisstudyaimedtoinvestigatetheclinicopathologicandmolecularfeaturesofpureSBC.Methods:Themainpathologicalparameterssuchasestrogenreceptor(ER),progesteronereceptor(PR),andhumanepithelialgrowthfactorreceptor2(C-erbB-2)weredetectedbyimmunohistochemistry(IHC),andtheclinicopathologicandprognosticdifferencewerecomparedwithinvasiveductalcarcinoma(IDC).Fluorescentinsituhybridization(FISH)andreversetranscriptionpolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)wasperformedtoidentifytheETV6-NTRK3rearrangementofSBC.Results:WefoundthatthepositivityratesofER,PR,C-erbB-2,p53,andS-100were47.7%(21/44),52.3%(23/44),36.4%(16/44),27.3%(12/44),and95.5%(42/44),respectively,whichwerehigherthanthosereportedinpreviousstudies.Specialperiodicacid-Schiffanalysiswasperformedin36patients,andthevalueoftheKi-67indexrangedfrom1%to50%(meanvalue:10%).Interestingly,mostpatientswithpureSBCharboredanETV6-NTRK3rearrangementwithan88.6%(39/44)expressionrate.ComparedwithIDC,thetumorsizeofmostpatientswithSBCwaslargerthan2cm(P=0.024).Ultrasoundshowedbenignlesions,andthetotalmisdiagnosisratewashigher(P=0.020).Althoughthepathologicalclassificationwasmostlytriple-negativebreastcancers(P=0.036),therewaslessmetastasis(P=0.029),andtheoverallprognosiswasbetterthanthatoftheIDCgroup.Conclusions:Althoughaxillarylymphnodemetastasis,localrecurrence,ordistantmetastasismayoccur,SBCisalsoconsideredanindolentneoplasmwithagoodprognosis.Oncediagnosed,surgicaltreatmentshouldbeperformedassoonaspossible,followedbyappropriateadjuvantchemotherapy,irradiation,andendocrinetherapies.