简介：假设在在分子的水平的生活进程的主要变量是生物大分子和他们的边疆电子的符合构造符合构造电子系统上的量子论的一个形式体系被建议。基于符合构造电子系统的量子论，当在扭转之间的量转变在多肽上声明链，和合拢的率由nonadiabatic是计算的，合拢的蛋白质被考虑操作员方法。率计算在合拢被概括到频率变化的盒子。合拢率公式的蛋白质的一种分析形式被获得，它能为蛋白质合拢的进一步的学习作为一个有用工具被服务。率理论的申请简短被总结解释合拢实验的蛋白质。它包括合拢率的惯性的时刻依赖，对的统一描述二状态并且合拢的multistate蛋白质，合拢并且展开率对变性剂集中的关系，在放出能、吸能的合拢之间的区别，ultrafast并且下坡的合拢从量合拢看了理论，并且，最后，合拢率和它的non-Arrhenius行为的解释的温度依赖。所有这些研究支持合拢的蛋白质是的看法实质上，在conformational之间的量转变说。

简介：Manystructuralandfunctionalpropertiespossessedbyplantshavegreatpotentialstostimulatenewconceptsandinno-vativeideasinthefieldofbiomimeticengineering.Thekeyinputsfrombiologycanbeusedforcreationofefficientandop-timizedstructures.ThestudyofthegeometryandfoldingpatternofleavesofMimosapudica,referredasSensitivePlant,revealssomeofthepeculiarcharacteristicsduringfoldingandunfolding.Whentheleafistouched,itquicklyfoldsitsleafletsandpinnaeanddroopsdownwardatthepetioleattachment.Withthehelpofexperimentsonsimulationmodel,thevariationsinangleofleafletsanddegreeofcompactionafterfoldingareinvestigated.

简介：Microtubulesplayimportantrolesinneuronalmorphogenesis,includingcellularpolarization,neuritegrowth,andbranching.Amicrotubuleisapolymerofα-andβ-tubulinheterodimersthatareformedbyamultistepprocessassistedbyatleastfivetubulin-foldingcofactors(TBCA–E)(Lopez-Fanarragaetal.,2001).Newlysynthesizedα-andβ-tubulinsassociatewiththecytosolicchaperonincomplex(CCT),andthenthequasi-nativetubulinsinteractwith

简介：Usingatriangularlatticemodeltostudythedesignabilityofproteinfolding,weovercametheparityproblemofpreviouscubiclatticemodelandenumeratedallthesequencesandcompactstructuresonasimpletwo-dimensionaltriangularlatticemodelofsize4+5+6+5+4.Weusedtwotypesofaminoacids,hydrophobicandpolar,tomakeupthesequences,andachieved223+212differentsequencesexcludingthereversesymmetrysequences.Thetotalstringnumberofdistinctcompactstructureswas219,093,excludingreflectionsymmetryintheself-avoidingpathoflength24triangularlatticemodel.Basedonthismodel,weappliedafastsearchalgorithmbyconstructingaclustertree.Thealgorithmdecreasedthecomputationbycomputingtheobjectiveenergyofnon-leafnodes.Theparallelexperimentsprovedthatthefasttreesearchalgorithmyieldedanexponentialspeed-upinthemodelofsize4+5+6+5+4.Designabilityanalysiswasperformedtounderstandthesearchresult.

简介：蛋白质合拢是在生物信息学，许多试探算法为被建议了的一个相关计算问题。这个工作为微分进化(DE)的申请介绍方法论给蛋白质合拢的问题，用双性人维的恐水病极的模型。DE是一个相对最近的进化算法，；在几个工程优化问题成功地被使用了，通常与连续变理。我们介绍在DE印射以便提供一在真实值的向量之间印射的遗传型显型的概念；实际合拢。方法论被详细说明；有基准的几个实验被做。我们把结果与另外的类似的实现作比较。建议DE出现了竞争，统计上一致；很有希望。

简介：

简介：Abranchandboundalgorithmisproposedforthetwo-dimensionalproteinfoldingproblemintheHPlatticemodel.Inthisalgorithm,thebenefitofeachpossiblelocationofhydrophobicmonomersisevaluatedandonlypromisingnodesarekeptforfurtherbranchingateachlevel.Theproposedalgorithmiscomparedwithotherwell-knownmethodsfor10benchmarksequenceswithlengthsrangingfrom20to100monomers.Theresultsindicatethatourmethodisaveryefficientandpromisingtoolfortheproteinfoldingproblem.

简介：一台创新可变僵硬设备基于数字模拟被建议并且调查。设备，叫了一个合拢的可变僵硬弹簧(FVSS)，能广泛地被使用，特别在有适应僵硬的调节集体dampers(TMD)。FVSS的一个重要特征是它的能力通过在它的支持之间的距离的一个小面值硬币改变在更低、上面的界限之间的僵硬。这个特殊特征在更短的时间间隔导致更低的时间落后错误和重新调整。设备的管理方程与类似的元素为对称的FVSS被导出并且简化。这台设备然后被用来控制single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF)象multi-degree-of-freedom(MDOF)一样的结构经由半活跃的TMD的结构。数字模拟被进行为这些结构比较几个控制案例。使它更现实主义，有它的自己的限制的一台真实直接当前的马达没有限制除了一个理想的控制案例被模仿，两个都，结果被比较。建议设备能有效地被用来压制结构的不受欢迎的颤动并且更加与一台被动设备相比改进控制器的表演，这被显示出。

简介：AnewmethodforsimulatingthefoldingpathwayofRNAsecondarystructureusingthemodifiedantcolonyalgorithmisproposed.ForagivenRNAsequence,thesetofallpossiblestemsisobtainedandtheenergyofeachstemiscalculatedandstoredattheinitialstage.Furthermore,amorerealisticformulaisusedtocomputetheenergyofmulti-branchloopinthefollowingiteration.Thenafoldingpathwayissimulated,includingsuchprocessesasconstructionoftheheuristicinformation,theruleofinitializingthepheromone,themechanismofchoosingtheinitialandnextstemandthestrategyofupdatingthepheromonebetweentwodifferentstems.FinallybytestingRNAsequenceswithknownsecondarystructuresfromthepublicdatabases,weanalyzetheexperimentaldatatoselectappropriatevaluesforparameters.ThemeasureindexesshowthatourprocedureismoreconsistentwithphylogeneticallyprovenstructuresthansoftwareRNAstructuresometimesandmoreeffectivethanthestandardGeneticAlgorithm.

简介：蛋白质合拢问题是生物信息学的最突出的问题之一。在这篇论文，我们与单体的二种学习一个三维的关闭,关,断开,截止格子蛋白质AB模型，恐水病；吸水，；介绍一个启发式的伪物理的算法。由精心地在物理世界上模仿光滑的有弹性的球的运动，算法为给定的单体链发现低精力的配置。一个随后的“关闭,关,断开,截止陷井”策略被建议被触发一为一种粘住的状况的jump以便从本地最小出来。方法在关闭,关,断开,截止格子AB模型被测试了。计算结果显示出有希望的性能。为有13～55单体的所有序列，算法比以前建议的通常认为的接地状态与更低的精力发现状态。而且为有21的序列，34；55单体，新通常认为的接地状态被发现，它与在现在的文学给的那些不同。

简介：Inanattempttorealizeaflappingwingmicro-airvehiclewithmorphingwings,wereportonimprovementstoourpreviousfoldableartificialhindwing.Multiplehinges,whichwereimplementedtomimicthebendingzoneofabeetlehindwing,weremadeofsmallcompositehingeplatesandtinyaluminumrivets.Thebuck-tailsofrivetswereflaredafterthehingeplateswereassembledwiththerivetssothatthefolding/unfoldingmotionscouldbecompletedinlesstime,andthestraightshapeoftheartificialhindwingcouldbemaintainedafterfabrication.Foldingandunfoldingactionsweretriggeredbyelectrically-activatedShapeMemoryAlloy(SMA)wires.Forwingfolding,theactuationcharacteristicsoftheSMAwireactuatorweremodifiedthroughheattreatment.Throughaseriesofflappingtests,weconfirmedthattheartificialwingsdidnotfoldbackandarbitrarilyfluctuateduringtheflappingmotion.

简介：FoldingandspinningbehaviorofCnaphalocrocismedinalis(Guenee)(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)indifferentcategoriesofricegenotypesviz.,resistant,susceptible,hybrid,scented,popularandwildricegenotypesweresignificantlydifferent.Longerleafselectiontimeandfoldingtimeperprimaryfold;shorterprimaryfoldandwholeleaffold;lowernumberofbindsperprimaryfoldandwholeleaffoldwererecordedinresistantandwildricegenotypes.Inthecorrelationanalysis,itwasfoundthattheleaffoldingparameterswerepositivelycorrelatedtoleaffolderdamagewhereastheleafspinningparameterswerenegativelycorrelated.Similarly,themorphologicalcharactersdifferedsignificantlyamongthechosengenotypesandwererelatedtoleaffolderdamage.Theleafwidthandtotalproductivetillernumberwerepositivelycorrelatedtoleaffolderinfestation.Resultsalsoindicatedthatthetrichomedensityandlength,leaflengthandplantheightmightcontributetoresistancewhereastotalnumberofgreenleaveshadnoeffectonleaffolderinfestation.Inthescatterplotanalysisbetweenleaffoldingandspinningcharactersandleaffolderdamage,thegenotypeswereseparatedintofourgroupsviz.,resistant(TKM6,Ptb33,LFR831311,OryzarhizomatisandO.minuta),moderatelyresistant(ASD16andCORH1),moderatelysusceptible(ADT36,PusaBasmatiandCB200290)andsusceptible(IR36andTN1).Thepresentinvestigationprovedthattheleafmorphologyviz.,leaflengthandwidth,plantheightandtrichomedensityandlengthmayplayavitalroleinresistanceagainstriceleaffolder.

简介：ThecausestotheoutersurfacefoldingdefectsinN80-Qoilcountrytubulargoods(OCTG)wereinvestigatedthroughtheobservationofthedefects’morphology,microstructureandtheanalysisofthechemicalcompositions.Itisbelievedthatthedefectwasresultedfromtheintrinsicflawsthatoriginallyexistedonthebillet;theywereextendedandoxidizedduringthefollowingreheatingandrollingprocesses.Withmorestrictqualitycontrolandinspectionofthebillet,thedefectcanbepreventedeffectivelyfromoccurring.