简介：Thisstudyfocusesonthehydrochemicalcharacteristicsof47watersamplescollectedfromthermalandcoldspringsthatemergefromtheHammamRighageothermal?eld,locatedinnorth-centralAlgeria.TheaquiferthatfeedsthesespringsismainlysituatedinthedeeplyfracturedJurassiclimestoneanddolomiteoftheZaccarMount.Measureddischargetemperaturesofthecoldwatersrangefrom16.0to26.5°Candthehotwatersfrom32.1to68.2°C.Allwatersexhibitedanear-neutralpHof6.0–7.6.Thethermalwatershadahightotaldissolvedsolids（TDS）contentofupto2527mg/l,whiletheTDSforcoldwaterswas659.0–852.0mg/l.Chemicalanalysessuggestthattwomaintypesofwaterexist:hotwatersintheup?owareaoftheCa–Na–SO4type（HammamRigha）andcoldwatersintherechargezoneoftheCa–Na–HCO3type（ZaccarMount）.Reservoirtemperatureswereestimatedusingsilicageothermometersand?uid/mineralequilibriaat78,92,and95°CforHR4,HR2,andHR1,respectively.Stableisotopicanalysesoftheδ18OandδDcompositionofthewaterssuggestthatthethermalwatersofHammamRighaareofmeteoricorigin.Weconcludethatmeteoricrechargein?ltratesthroughthefractureddolomiticlimestonesoftheZaccarMountandisconductivelyheatedatadepthof2.1–2.2km.ThehotwaterstheninteractatdepthwithTriassicevaporiteslocatedinthehydrothermalconduit（fault）,givingrisetotheCa–Na–SO4watertype.Astheyascendtothesurface,thethermalwatersmixwithshallowerMg-richgroundwater,resultinginwatersthatplotintheimmaturewater?eldintheNa–K–Mgdiagram.Themixingtrendbetweencoldgroundwatersfromtherechargezonearea（ZaccarMount）andhotwatersintheup?owarea（HammamRigha）isapparentviaachloride-enthalpydiagramthatshowsamixingratioof22.6\R\29.2%.WesummarizetheseresultswithageothermalconceptualmodeloftheHammamRighageothermal?eld.

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简介：Lomagundi-Jatuli事件(LJE)是保存13C在在世界范围的Paleoproterozoic碳酸盐的+5和+16之间的carb价值。然而，这些旅行的持续时间，振幅和模式仍然保持糟糕抑制了。在北方中国Craton的2.14-1.83GaHutuo组是一>10km厚火山--沉积顺序，包括>5km在在上被扔的厚保存得很好的碳酸盐--对亚tidal环境潮汐。碳酸盐的152件最不改变的样品的公司同位素、元素的分析揭示了三阶段的13C进化。它以只积极的13Ccarb(+1.3到+3.4)在Dashiling和Qingshicun形成在~上演2.1Ga碳酸盐，从积极价值由转变列在后面到震荡在~的积极、否定的价值3000mWenshan，Hebiancun，Jianancun，和Daguandong形成的厚碳酸盐，并且与只否定的13C保存在的carb价值>500mHuaiyincun和Beidaxing形成的厚dolostones。看来许多LJE，特别地那些极其积极的13Ccarb信号，没在Hutuo碳酸盐被记录。只积极的13Ccarb价值(+1.3到+3.4)多半在更低的形成保存了对应于LJE的目的，而随后二个阶段反映LJE和Shunga-Francevillian事件(SFE)的发作的余殃。现在的数据点到碳上的氧的增加的影响从Doucun骑车到Dongye亚群并且证明在北方中国Craton的LJE的结束与在Fennoscandia和南非的那些是将近同时的。

简介：Thisstudyfocusesonthedecadalvariabilityoftropicalcyclones(TC)overtheWesternNorthPacific(WNP)andhowthesechangesarerelatedtotheMadden-JulianOscillation(MJO).ItwasdonewiththehelpoftheReal-timeMultivariateMJOindexfromtheAustralianGovernmentBureauofMeteorologyoftheCentreforAustralianWeatherandClimateResearch,TCdatafromtheJointTyphoonWarmingCenterbesttrackdatasets,anddailyandmonthlydatasetsfromtheNCEP/NCARreanalysiscenter.TheresultsshowthattheTCfrequencyintheWNPexhibitedastatisticallysignificantdecreaseduring1998-2010comparedtoduring1979-1997.ThedecreaseinTCfrequencyintheWNPmainlyoccurredduringMJOactivephases(i.e.,phases4,5,6,and7).FurtherinvestigationoftheclimatebackgroundandthepropagationdifferencesoftheMJObetween1979-1997and1998-2010wasperformed.TheLaNina-liketropicalseasurfacetemperaturecoolingcausedstrongerWalkercirculationandthusinducedunfavorableatmosphereconditionsforWNPTCgenesisincludingalow-leveleasterlyanomaly,anegativerelativevorticityanomaly,anincreaseinsea-levelpressure,andstrongerverticalwindshear.Moreover,shorteningoftheMJOcycle,declineinthedurationoftheactivephasesintheWNP,andeasterlyanomalyandshrinkageoftheconvectionareaduringMJOactivephasesmayalsopartlyexplainthedecadalvariationofTC.

简介：Determiningthespatio-temporaldistributionofthedeformationtiedtotheIndia-Eurasianconvergenceandtheimpactofpre-existingweaknessesontheCenozoiccrustaldeformationissignificantforunderstandinghowtheconvergencebetweenIndiaandEurasiacontributedtothedevelopmentoftheTibetanPlateau.TheexhumationhistoryofthenortheasternTibetanPlateauwasaddressedinthisresearchusinganewapatitefissiontrack(AFT)studyintheNorthQaidamthrustbelt(NQTB).ThreegranitesamplescollectedfromtheQaidamShanplutoninthenorthtiedtotheQaidamShanthrust,withAFTagesclusteringintheEocenetoMiocene.TheotherthirteensamplesobtainedfromtheLuliangShanandYukaplutonsinthesouthrelatedtotheLuliangShanthrustandtheyhaveshowedpredominantlytheCretaceousAFTages.RelatedthermalhistorymodelingbasedongrainagesandtracklengthsindicatesrapidcoolingeventsduringtheEocene-earlyOligoceneandsincelateMiocenewithintheQaidamShan,incontrasttothoseintheCretaceousandsincetheOligocene-MioceneintheLuliangShanandYukaregion.Theresults,combinedwithpublishedtheCretaceousthermochronologicalagesintheQaidamShanregion,suggestthattheNQTBhadundergorapidexhumationduringtheaccretionsalongthesouthernAsianAndean-typemarginpriortotheIndia-Eurasiancollision.TheCenozoicdeformationinitiallytookplaceintheNorthQaidamthrustbeltbytheEocene,whichisconsistentwiththerecentclaimthatthedeformationofthenortheasternTibetanPlateauinitiatedintheEoceneasaresponsetocontinentalcollisionbetweenIndiaandEurasia.Theimmediatedeformationrespondingtothecollisionistentativelyattributedtothepre-existingweaknessesofthelithosphere,andthereforethedeformationofthenortheasternTibetanPlateaushouldberegardedasaboundary-condition-dependentprocess.

简介：以前的研究建议在北热带大西洋(NTA)上的春天SST异例影响热带气旋(TC)在在下列夏天和秋天的西方的诺思太平洋(WNP)上的活动。现在的学习表明在春天NTASST和后面的夏天秋天WNPTC开始频率之间的连接不是静止的。后面的夏天秋天WNPTC开始频率上的春天NTASST的影响是在前弱、不足道，却在以后强壮、重要，1980年代末。在1980年代末前，在热带中央太平洋的NTASST导致异例的SST异例是弱的，并且在WNP上的大气的循环的反应不是强壮的。作为结果，在春天NTASST和后面的夏天秋天WNPTC开始频率之间的连接在以前的时期是不足道的。在1980年代末以后，相反，NTASST异例通过大西洋和平的teleconnection导致显著热带中央和平的SST异例。热带中央和平的SST异例进一步为WNPTC开始导致有利条件，包括垂直运动，中间水平的相对湿度，和垂直的带的风砍。因此，在NTASST之间的连接和WNPTC开始频率在最近的时期是重要的。进一步的分析证明interdecadal在在春天NTASST之间的连接变化，后面的夏天秋天WNPTC开始频率可能与在NTA区域上的climatologicalSST变化有关。

简介：通过从CMIP3和CMIP5收集的联合模型模拟和设计的整体的分析，我们证明基本空间规模限制可能在气候模型预言和设计的有用另外的精炼不能在哪个下面是可能的下面存在。那限制在气候变量之中并且从区域变化到区域。我们证明在表面温度预言的无常(噪音)(在全球气候模型模拟的一个整体之中由传播代表了)通常在整个北美洲在1000km下面在水平规模超过整体平均数(信号)，在那些规模暗示差的可预测性。更多的有限技巧为地区性的降水的可预测性被显示出。在这种情况中的整体传播趋于在2000km下面为规模超过或等于整体平均数。这些调查结果热点在预言地区性特定的未来气候异例的挑战，为特别，hydroclimatic影响例如干旱和湿。