简介：Objective:Toprobetheincidence,pathogenesisandclinicalcharacteristicsoftraumaticsubduralhydroma(TSH)developingintochronicsubduralhematoma(CSDH).Methods:Weretrospectivelyanalyzedtheclinicaldataof32patientswithTSHdevelopingintoCSDHandreviewedrelatedliterature.Results:16.7%ofTSHdevelopedintoCSDHinthisstudy.Thetimeofevolutionwasfrom22to100daysafterheadinjury.Allthepatientswerecuredwithhematomadrainage.Conclusions:TSHisoneoftheoriginsofCSDH.TheclinicalcharacteristicsofTSHdevelopingintoCSDHfollowthattheagesofthepatientsarepolarized,thattheevolutionoftenhappensinthepatientswithsmallchronichydromasandbeingtreatedconservatively,thatthepatientsareusuallyinjureddeceleratedlyandthattheaccompanyingcerebraldamageisoftenverymild.

简介：Interhemisphericsubduralhaematoma(ISH)probablyrepresentsoneoftherarestformsofposttraumaticintracranialhaemorrhagesbecauseofthepeculiaranatomicallocation.ItwasfirstdescribedatautopaybyAirrngandEransin1940andfewcases(110)havebeenreportedsinceJobobefirstdescribedclinicalcasesin1955.1-7SincethereisnoinitialpathognomoniccharacteristicpresentingmodeofISH,ISHwouldresultinaserioussituationifnottreatedproperlyandpromptly.Recently,wetreatedtwopatientssufferingISHinourneurosurgeryunit.

简介：Chronicsubduralhematoma(CSDH)representsoneofthemostfrequenttypesofintracranialhemorrhage.ManagementofthepatientswithCSDHhasbeenevolvedthroughavastvarietyofmethodsandtechniques.Althoughthereisgeneralagreementthatsurgicaltherapyisusuallythepreferredtreatment,therearefewotherneurosurgicalconditionsthatsparksuchstrongdiscussionsanddifferencesofopinionconcerningtheoptimalsurgicaltechnique.1,2Inthispaper,wereviewadvancesinsurgicaltreatmentofCSDH.

简介：AbstractChronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a chronic space-occupying lesion formed by blood accumulation between arachnoid and dura mater, which is usually formed in the third week after traumatic brain injury. Surgical treatment is usually the first choice for patients with CSDH having a significant space-occupying effect. Most of the patients showed good results of surgical treatment, but still some patients had a postoperative recurrence (the recurrence rate was up to 33%). Because CSDH is often seen in the elderly, patients are weak and have many basic diseases. The risk of surgical treatment is high; serious complications and even death (the death rate is up to 32%) can often occur. The overall good prognosis rate of patients aged more than 90 years is 24%. The drug treatment can provide a safe and effective treatment for elderly patients who are weak, intolerable to surgery, or failed in surgery. Low-dose and long-term use of atorvastatin (20mg/d) is suggested for continuous treatment for at least 8 weeks, while low-dose and short-term use of dexamethasone can improve the therapeutic effect of atorvastatin on CSDH. Patients should undergo CT or MRI scanning at least one time within 2 weeks after the start of drug treatment.

简介：Grapheneisthestrongestmaterialbutitsperformanceissignificantlyweakenedbyvacancydefects.Weusemoleculardynamicssimulationstoinvestigatethetensilebehaviorofagraphenewhichcontainsasinglevacancydefect.Ourresultssuggestthatbecauseofthesinglevacancy,thefracturestrengthofgraphenelossesabout17.7%.Thestressconcentrationaroundthevacancydefectleadstothedestructionofnearbysix-memberringsstructure,whichformstheinitialcrack.Thepropagationdirectionofthiscrackindefectivegrapheneisatanangleof60°tothetensiledirectioninitially,butthenbecomesperpendiculartothetensiledirection.

简介：长期的subduralhematoma(CSDH)的外科的管理仍然是的目的因为不清楚的病原的机制，一个争论问题，和标准治疗没在CSDH被建立。这份报纸的意愿是为CSDH发现一个简单、有效的外科的过程。有由外科的治疗的CSDH的448个病人的回顾的研究在2005～2009期间被进行以便比较在二个不同主要外科的方法之间的效率的方法，即没有在组A(n=178)和有在组B(n=270)的灌溉的一辘辘声洞的灌溉的扭曲练习排水。结果统计上被分析。操作在组A和组B评估的结果分别地是7.9%和11.9%。好结果率是88.8%和75.5%，复杂并发症分别地在组A和组B是7.9%和20.7%。结论有hematoma洞的灌溉的辘辘声洞排水不对结果和预后有益。灌溉不在为CSDH的外科的治疗是重要的。因此在起始的治疗，因为它相对安全、节省时间、划算，没有hematoma洞的灌溉的扭曲练习排水被推荐。

简介：Thegeometricshapesofspecimensareimportantinimpacttensiletestsbecausegeometricshapesdeterminethestressstatesofthespecimens,andprecisegeometricshapescanobtainpropermaterialpropertieswithoutnon-materialfactors.Theaimofthisstudywastoinvestigatethe1Dformofthestressbychangingthelength-to-diameter(L/D)ratiosofspecimens.TheexperimentswerecarriedoutonasplitHopkinsontensilebar(SHTB)-rotatingdiskindirectbar-bartensileimpactapparatus.TheL/DratiosoftheLY12CZspecimensusedinthetestrangedfrom1to5.ResultsshowthatthespecimenscanbeusedtoobtainexactparametersofmaterialsundertheproposedconditionswhentheL/Dratioisgreaterthan2.Thisisbecausethelongerlengthwillreduceoreliminatetheeffectsoftheinterfaces.

简介：InordertoaccomplishreliablemechanicaldesignofMEMS,theinfluencesofsurfaceroughnessandoctadecyltrichlorosilane(OTS)self-assembledmonolayers(SAMs)onthemechanicalpropertiesofmicromachinedpolysiliconfilmsforMEMSareinvestigated.Surfaceeffectonthefracturepropertiesofmicromachinedpolysiliconfilmsisevaluatedwithanewmicrotensiletestingmethodusingamagnet-coilforceactuator.Statisticalanalysisofthesurfaceroughnesseffectsonthetensilestrengthpredicatedthesurfaceroughnesscharacterizationofpolysiliconfilmsbeingtestedandthedirectrelationofthemechanicalpropertieswiththesurfaceroughnessfeatures.Thefracturestrengthdecreaseswiththeincreaseofthesurfaceroughness.Theoctadecyltrichlorosilaneself-assembledmonolayerscoatingleadstoanincreaseoftheaveragefracturestrengthupto32.46%.SurfaceroughnessandthehydrophobicpropertiesofspecimenwhencoatedwithOTSfilmsarethetwomainfactorsinfluencingthetensilestrengthofmicromachinedpolysiliconfilmsforMEMS.

简介：Tostudythemechanicalpropertiesofthefilm/substratestructure,thefiniteelementcodeABAQUSv6.9-1isadoptedtosimulatethetensilemechanicalbehaviorofthenanoscalethinfilmbondedtoasubstrate.Thebifurcationphenomenonofthestructureunderuniaxialtensionisfound:thesingle-neckdeformation,themultiple-neckdeformationandtheuniformdeformation.Thesubstrateandthefilmareregardedaspower-hardeningmaterialsobeyingtheJ2deformationtheory.Firstly,theinfluenceofmaterialhardeningmatchontensilebifurcationmodeisanalyzedunderperfectlywell-bondedinterfacecondition.Then,theeffectsofinterfacialstiffnessandothersuperficialdefectssurroundingtheimperfectiononbifurcationmodeareinvestigated.Itisconcludedthatunderthewell-bondedinterfacecondition,ifthestressofthesubstrateislargerthanthefilm,thefilmwilluniformlydeformwiththesubstrate;ifthestressofthesubstrateissmallerthanthefilm,thefilmwillformasingleneck,exceptthecasethataweakly-hardeningfilmisbondedtoasteeply-hardeningsubstratewhenmultipleneckscanbeformed.Withthedecreaseofinterfacialstiffness,theuniformdeformationmodecantransformintothemultiple-neckdeformationmode,andfurthertransformintothesingle-neckdeformationmode.Andotherdefectssurroundingtheimperfectioncaninfluencethewavelengthofdeformationandnecknumber.

简介：Thetensile-shearfailurezoneofthelaminateddampingsteelsheetwasinvestigatedbyscanningelectronmicroscopyandX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy.Itisfoundthatthereexistscohesivefailureinpolymersandwichandsub-boundaryfailurebetweenthesteelsheetandthepolymer.Thesub-boundarylayerisdominantlypolymermaterial.Thetensile-shearfailureofthelaminateddampingsteelsheetisaprocessduringwhichthecrazesform,growupandmergeintocracks.

简介：Three-dimensionaledgecracksareanalyzedusingtheSelf-SimilarCrackExpansion(SSCE)methodwithaboundaryintegralequationtechnique.TheboundaryintegralequationsforsurfacecracksinahalfspacearepresentedbasedonahalfspaceGreen’sfunction(Mindlin,1936).ByusingtheSSCEmethod,thestressintensityfactorsaredeterminedbythecrack-openingdisplacementoverthecracksurface.Indiscreteboundaryintegralequations,theregularandsingularintegralsonthecracksur-faceelementsareevaluatedbyananalyticalmethod,andtheclosedformexpressionsoftheintegralsaregivenforsubsurfacecracksandedgecrakcs.Thisgloballynumericalandlocallyanalyticalmethodim-provesthesolutionaccuracyandcomputationaleffort.Numericalresultsforedgecracksundertensileloadingwithvariousgeometries,suchasrectangularcracks,ellipticalcracks,andsemi-circularcracks,arepresentedusingtheSSCEmethod.Resultsforstressintensityfactorsofthosesurfacebreakingcracksareingoodagreementwithothernumericalandanalyticalsolutions.

简介：Thebendingstrengthofmicrofabricatedpolysiliconbeamswasmeasuredbybeambendingusingananoindenter.Also,thetensilestrengthofmicrofabricatedpolysiliconthinfilmswasmeasuredbytensiletestingwithanewmicrotensiletestdevice.Itwasfoundthatthebendingstrengthandtensilestrengthofpolysiliconmicrostructuresexertssizeeffectonthesizeofthespecimens.Insuchcases,thesizeeffectcanbetracedbacktotheratioofsurfaceareatovolumeasthegoverningparameter.Astatisticalanalysisofthebendingstrengthforvariousspecimensizesshowsthattheaveragebendingstrengthofpolysiliconmicrocantileverbeamsis2.885±0.408GPa.ThemeasuredaveragevalueofYoung'smodulus,164±1.2GPa,fallswithinthetheoreticalbounds.Theaveragefracturetensilestrengthis1.36GPawithastandarddeviationof0.14GPa,andtheWeibullmodulusis10.4-11.7,respectively.Thetensiletestingof40specimensonfailureresultsinarecommendationfordesignthatthenominalstrainbemaintainedbelow0.0057.

简介：长期的subduralhematoma(CSDH)和蛛网状的包囊(交流)的协会是不平常的。我们报导了2个少年运动员，CSDH与在他们的每日的运动活动发生了并且考察了文学的交流联系了。他们俩通过手术被对待，与令人满意的结果。交流是在有CSDH的年轻病人的一个普通预先安排因素。intracranial流血的复杂并发症是为外科的管理的一个指示。尽管仍然在无征状的交流的治疗有争吵，有交流的病人应该避免强烈运动以便减少intracranial的发生，这是一致出血源于头损害。

简介：在张力的联合的远地下面与一个嵌入的椭圆形的裂缝在一个无限的各向同性的有弹性的矩阵基于变丑的分析并且砍压力，精力版本率和一个混合破裂标准用一条精力平衡途径被获得。单个开的椭圆形的microcrack在一个代表性的体积元素导致的另外的依从张肌被导出，并且有随机的取向的microcracks的效果被介绍适当概率密度功能与泰勒的计划分析。为岩石和水泥的一个micromechanical损坏模型与试验性的结果被获得并且被验证。

简介：MagnesiumalloyEZ10(Mg-RE-Zn)wasdeformedintensionattemperaturesfrom20upto520°C.Arapiddecreaseoftheyieldandtensilestrengthwithtemperaturewasobservedattemperatureshigherthan300°C.Ontheotherhand,ductilityofsamplesrapidlyincreasedinthesametemperaturerange.Lightmicroscopyandscanningelectronmicroscopywasusedtorevealthereasonforthesebehaviours.Intermetallicparticlesingrainboundariesareresponsibleforexcellentmechanicalpropertiesatlowertemperatures.Diffusionalprocessesoccurringattemperatureshigherthan300°Csignificantlyinfluencedthedeformationmechanismaswellasthefracturecharacter.

简介：Threedifferenttypesoftensilestrength(TS)980MPagradeadvancedhigh-strengthsteelsusedinautomotiveapplications,namely,980MS(martensitesteel),980DP(dualphase)and980QP(quenchingandpartitioning)steelswereexamined.ThedelayedfractureresistanceofthesteelswasevaluatedusingaU-bendtest,slowstrainratetest(SSRT)andaconstantloadtensiletest.Theresultsindicatedthatallthesteelscouldpassthe300hHClsolutionimmersiontestandnoneoftheU-bendspecimenswasfracturedinthetest.However,thesteelsexhibiteddifferentsusceptibilitiestodelayedfractureunderSSRTandtheconstantloadtensiletests.980DPexhibitedthehighestresistancetodelayedfractureamongallthesamples,while980MSwasfoundtobethemostsusceptibletodelayedfracture.

简介：Titaniumandtitaniumalloyshaveseveraladvantages,butthecostoftitaniumalloysisveryexpensivecomparedwiththetraditionalmetalmaterials.Thisarticleintroducestwonewlow-costtitaniumalloysTi-2.1Cr-1.3Fe(TCFalloy)andTi-3Al-2.1Cr-1.3Fe(TACFalloy).Inthisstudy,weusedCr-Femasteralloyasoneoftherawmaterialstodevelopthetwonewalloys.Weintroducethemicrostructureandtensilepropertiesofthetwonewalloysfromβsolutiontreatedwithdifferentcoolingmethods.Optica...

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简介：TensileimpactexperimentsofEC8.0-24×7glassfiberbundlesatdifferentlowtempera-turesT（14℃,-40℃and-100℃）andstrainratesεwerecarriedout,andcompletestress-straincurveswereobtained.Withintherangeoftheexperimenttemperaturesandstrainrates,itisfoundthattheinitialmodulusE,theultimatestrengthσmaxandtheunstablestrainεboftheglassfiberbundlesallincreasewithatanidenticalT.Atanidenticalε,withthedecreaseofT,Eandσmaxincrease;butεbincreaseswhen14℃>T>-40℃anddecreaseswhen-40℃>T>-100℃.Thestrain-rate-andtemperature-depen-dentbimodalWeibullstatisticalconstitutivetheorywasadoptedforthestatisticalanalysisoftheexperimentalresults,andtheWeibullparametersofsinglefiberwereobtained.TheresultsshowthatthebimodalWeibulldistributionfunctionissuitabletorepresentthestrengthdistributionoftheglassfiberatlowtemperatureanddifferentstrainrates.ThedifferencesinthemechanicalpropertiesbetweenEC8.0-24×7andEC5.5-12×14glassfiberbundleswerealsodiscussed.

简介：分层的钢纤维增强了橡胶水泥(LSFRRC)，基于国家标准的要求具体的人行道的一种新类型试验性地被研究。从平凡水泥(PC)的曲折张力的力量的不同性质，橡胶水泥(RC)，分层的钢纤维增强了水泥(LSFRC)，LSFRRC被介绍。试验性的结果与RC相比证明LSFRRC的张力的力量被4.12%与PC相比改进，在13.75%。曲折张力的性质上的负担偏转曲线被提出。LSFRRC的曲折张力的坚韧索引I10与PC相比被改进10.32次。