简介：技术突破推进了诊断成像的时间、空间的决定，并且3维(3-D)重建技术被介绍了进日常临床的实践。虚拟内视镜检查法(VE)是在3-D空格放大代表性的图象的感觉的一种非侵略的技术，提供病理学的区域和他们的包围结构的精确空间关系。许多计算机算法能被用来产生3-D图象，利用螺线计算了断层摄影术或磁性的回声成像(MRI)的在也固有的信息。VE图象通过空机关启用endoluminal航行，因此模仿常规内视镜检查法。几临床的研究验证了虚拟膀胱镜检查的诊断用途，它在膀胱肿瘤的察觉有高敏感和特性率。在肾盂，输尿管和尿道的虚拟探索的出版经验令人鼓舞却仍然少见。VE是一只保险箱，能与ureteropelvic连接阻塞在病人的长期的后续被使用的非侵略的方法，膀胱肿瘤和输尿管或尿道狭窄。它的主要限制是无能为组织病理学说的检查和联系电离放射危险提供活体检视织物标本(除非MRI被使用)。在endoluminal狭窄或阻塞的情况中，然而，VE向头部地允许虚拟endoluminal航行并且对小型机关枪的一种尾耳的片断。得出结论，VE提供评估泌尿道的一个不太侵略的方法，特别为比放射线学者不太熟悉代表性的成像的临床医生。

简介：尽管测试的前列腺特定的抗原(PSA)无疑增加了的浆液的平淡的使用前列腺癌症(PCa)察觉，它的主要缺点之一是它特性的缺乏。作为后果，许多人为懒惰的瘤经历不必要的活体检视或治疗。PCa特定的标记为疾病和一个前列腺瘤的攻击性的预言的早察觉被需要。因为PCa是异构的疾病，瘤标记的一块面板为更精确的诊断是基本的。几biomarkers由于他们为在组织的疾病的特性是有希望的。然而，织物是象一个可能的屏蔽工具不合适。因为尿能容易以一种非侵略的方式被获得，它是为测试的biomarker的有希望的底层。这篇文章为在尿的PCa的非侵略的测试考察biomarkers。

简介：目的：观察推拿治疗手术后尿潴留的临床疗效。方法：对37例手术后尿潴留患者施行穴位推拿治疗，穴位选用气海、关元、中极，双侧三阴交。结果：治疗1～3次后，治愈36例，1例因退出治疗而未统计疗效。结论：穴位推拿是治疗手术后尿潴留的一种有效方法。

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简介：62patientswithtraumaticparaplegiaweretreatedwithacupuncture(GovernorVesselelectro-stimulation),accordingtothetheoriesofTCMsuchasdredgingthemeridians,regu-latingvitalenergyandblood,improvingbloodcirculation,reinforcingmarrowandreplenishingbrain.Theeffectofacupunctureonurinarybladderdisturbancewasstudied.Theresultsindicatedthattotaleffectratewas96.8%(Ⅰ—Ⅲ),markedeffectratewas66.1%(Ⅰ—Ⅱ).Themarkedeffectrateincompleteparaplegiawassignificantlydifferentfromthatinimcompleteparaplegia;itwas63.0%and87.5%respectively.Furthermore,theresultssuggestedthatthedegreeofspinalcordinjurywasveryimprotantfactorthataffectedtheeffectofacupuncturetherapy.

简介：ItwasreportedthatProf.YUandhiscolleaguesfromtheFirstAttachedHospitalofHarbinMedicalUniversityhadachievedanewdevelopmentinelectroacupuncture(EA)treatmentofurinarylithiasisinclinic.Bycombiningthemeridian-collateraltheoryoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)andthesegmentaldistributionofthespinalnerveroots

简介：我们决定了在prostatic演算和更低的尿道之间的关联症状(LUTS)，以及prostatic演算的预先安排的因素。为LUTS在我们的诊所介绍了的1527个病人，802经历了完全的评估，包括transrectalultrasonography，voidedbladder-3标本和国际prostatic症状分数(IPSS)。有prostatic演算的335个病人和没有prostatic演算的467个病人的一个总数分别地被划分成演算和没有演算组。严重LUTS和prostatic演算的预兆的因素用uni/multivariate分析被决定。全面IPSS分数是15.7卤9.2在演算和没有演算组织的9.2和14.1卤，分别地(P=0.013)。最大的流动率是12.1卤6.9和14.2卤8.2mLs?1在演算和没有演算组织，分别地(P=0.003)。在为预言严重LUTS的因素的univariate分析上，在年龄的差别(P=0.042)，prostatic演算(P=0.048)并且前列腺炎(P=0.018)是统计上重要的。在multivariate分析上，然而，没有因素是重要的。在为预先安排的multivariate分析上prostatic演算的因素，在年龄的差别(P<0.001)并且前列腺体积(P=0.001)是重要的。到我们的知识，有prostatic演算的病人抱怨更严重的LUTS。然而，prostatic演算不是严重LUTS的一个独立预兆的因素。因此，不仅因为prostatic演算而且因为年龄和另外的因素，有prostatic演算的人有更严重的LUTS。另外，老年和大前列腺体积是为prostatic演算的独立人士预先安排因素。

简介：我们在朝鲜良性的prostatic增生(BPH)在更低的尿道症状(LUTS)上分析了肥胖的效果病人。这是multicenter，在朝鲜在四个中心进行的代表性的、未来的学习。有对BPH第二等的LUTS的602个人的一个总数被包括。BPH/LUTSs盒子是有8削尖的国际前列腺症状分数(IPSS)的40年的人。高度，重量和腰圆周被测量。在602个病人之中，156个病人在90厘米上面有腰圆周，代表中央肥胖，并且215个病人在25kgm-2上面有一个身体团索引。腰圆周断然与前列腺体积被相关(P=0.034)。有腰圆周的人>90厘米富有经验1.36褶层与腰圆周90厘米与人相比增加了严重LUTS(95%CI0.82鈥?.41)的风险。前列腺体积断然与中央肥胖在人与紧急和nocturia被相关。在与BPH诊断的朝鲜的人的这张人口，中央肥胖而非全面肥胖似乎是LUTS的更重要的预言者与BPH相关。

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简介：Theepidemiologyofbenignprostatichyperplasia(BPH)andmalelowerurinarytractsymptoms(LUTS)hasevolvedconsiderablyduringthepastseveralyears.ThetermLUTSdescribesadistinctphenotypeandallowsforabroadepidemiologicdescriptionofurinarysymptomsatapopulationlevel.Althoughitisbecomingthepreferredtermforstudyingurinarysymptomsinpopulations,LUTS

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简介：AbstractBackground:Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors and have a poor prognosis. Early detection of gliomas is crucial to improve patient outcomes. Urine accumulates systematic body changes and thus serves as an excellent early biomarker source.Methods:At the biomarker discovery phase, we performed a self-controlled proteomics analysis by comparing urine samples collected from five glioma patients at the time of tumor diagnosis and after surgical removal of the tumor. At the biomarker validation phase, we further validated some promising proteins using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)-based targeted proteomics in another cohort, including glioma, meningioma, and moyamoya disease patients as well as healthy controls.Results:Using label-free proteome quantitation (LFQ), we identified twenty-seven urinary proteins that were significantly changed after tumor resection, many of which have been previously associated with gliomas. The functions of these proteins were significantly enriched in the autophagy and angiogenesis, which are associated with glioma development. After targeted proteomics validation, we identified a biomarker panel (AACT, TSP4, MDHM, CALR, LEG1, and AHSG) with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.958 for the detection of gliomas. Interestingly, AACT, LEG1, and AHSG are also potential cerebrospinal fluid or blood biomarkers of gliomas.Conclusions:Using LFQ and PRM proteome quantification, we identified candidate urinary protein biomarkers with the potential to detect gliomas. This study will also provide clues for future biomarker studies involving brain diseases.

简介：INTRODUCTIONApproximately400millionpersonsworldwidesufferfrombladderdisease.Individualswithend-stagebladderdiseaseoftenrequirebladderreplacementorrepair.Severalbladdersubstituteshavebeenattemptedwithbothorganicmaterialsandsynthetics.

简介：在妇产科的外科以后在尿保留的处理在Zhongji(CV3)和Zusanli(圣36)观察温暖的刺破的艾灸的临床的效果。

简介：AbstractBackground:The low accuracy of equations predicting 24-h urinary sodium excretion using a single spot urine sample contributed to the misclassification of individual sodium intake levels. The application of single spot urine sample is limited by a lack of representativity of urinary sodium excretion, possibly due to the circadian rhythm in urinary excretion. This study aimed to explore the circadian rhythm, characteristics, and parameters in a healthy young adult Chinese population as a theoretical foundation for developing new approaches.Methods:Eighty-five participants (mean age 32.4 years) completed the 24-h urine collection by successively collecting each of the single-voided specimens within 24 h. The concentrations of the urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine for each voided specimen were measured. Cosinor analysis was applied to explore the circadian rhythm of the urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine excretion. The excretion per hour was computed for analyzing the change over time with repeated-measures analysis of variance and a cubic spline model.Results:The metabolism of urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine showed different patterns of circadian rhythm, although the urinary sodium excretion showed non-significant parameters in the cosinor model. A significant circadian rhythm of urinary creatinine excretion was observed, while the circadian rhythm of sodium was less significant than that of potassium. The circadian rhythm of urinary sodium and creatinine excretion showed synchronization to some extent, which had a nocturnal peak and fell to the lowest around noon to afternoon. In contrast, the peak of potassium was observed in the morning and dropped to the lowest point in the evening. The hourly urinary excretion followed a similar circadian rhythm.Conclusion:It is necessary to consider the circadian rhythm of urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine excretion in adults while exploring the estimation model for 24-h urinary sodium excretion using spot urine.

简介：Amajorproblemwhichispoorlyunderstoodinthemanagementofbladdercancerislowsensitivitytochemotherapyandhighrecurrenceaftertransurethralresection.Insulin-likegrowthfactor1receptor(IGF-1R)signalingplaysaveryimportantroleinprogression,invasionandmetastasisofbladdercancercells.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedwhetherIGF-1Rwasinvolvedinthegrowthstimulatingactivityanddrugresistanceofbladdercancercells.Theresultsshowed:ThemRNAsofIGF-1,IGF-2andIGF-1Rwerestronglyexpressedinserum-freeculturedT24cellline,whereasnormalurothelialcellsdidnotexpressthesefactors/receptorsoronlyintracelevels;T24cellrespondedfarbettertogrowthstimulationbyIGF-1thandidnormalurothelialcells;blockageofIGF1Rbyantisenseoligodeoxynucleotide(ODN)significantlyinhibitedthegrowthofT24cellandenhancedsensitivityandapoptosisofT24cellstomitomycin(MMC).TheseresultssuggestedthatblockageofIGF-IRsignalingmightpotentiallycontributetothetreatmentofbladdercancercellswhichareinsensitivetochemotherapy.

简介：AbstractBackground:Time in range (TIR) refers to the time an individual spends within their target glucose range, which now has been popularized as an important metric to classify glycemic management and also recognized as an important outcome of current diabetes therapies. This study aimed to investigate the association between TIR and the severity of the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1014 inpatients with T2DM at the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Peking University International Hospital, China. TIR was defined as the percentage of blood glucose within the target range of 3.90-10.00 mmol/L. Urine samples for assessment of UAER were collected for 3 consecutive days from the start of hospitalization.Results:The TIR values for patients with normal urine levels of albumin, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria were 70% ± 20%, 50% ± 20%, and 30% ± 20%, respectively (all P < 0.001). The patients were stratified according to quartiles of TIR as follows: quartile (Q) 1, <55%; Q2, 55%-72%; Q3, 73%-83%; and Q4, >83%. The incidences of microalbuminuria in Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 41.1%, 21.6%, 7.1%, and 5.5% (all P < 0.001), respectively. The respective incidences of macroalbuminuria were 24.2%, 1.1%, 1.4%, and 0% (all P < 0.001). In multinomial logistic regression analyses, TIR was significantly correlated with microalbuminuria (odds ratio [OR] 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52-0.65, P < 0.001) and macroalbuminuria (OR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.18-0.38, P < 0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure, and levels of triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, and creatinine.Conclusion:The proportion of blood glucose in TIR is closely related to the severity of UAER in patients with T2DM.

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简介：From1990to2001,theauthortreated31casesofurinaryretentionofposthemorrhoidectomyorcesareansectionwithacupunctureofHegu(LI4)(reinforcingmethod)andSanyinjiao(SP6)(reducingmethod).Thetherapeuticeffectofthetreatmentwassatisfactory,thetotaleffectiveratewas96.7%.Followingisthereportofthetreatment.

简介：AbstractBackground:Traditional tissue engineering methods to fabricate urinary tract patch have some drawbacks such as compromised cell viability and uneven cell distribution within scaffold. In this study, we combined three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and tissue engineering method to form a tissue-engineered urinary tract patch, which could be employed for the application on Beagles urinary tract defect mode to verify its effectiveness on urinary tract reconstruction.Methods:Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) were dropped into smooth muscle differentiation medium to generate induced microtissues (ID-MTs), flow cytometry was utilized to detect the positive percentage for CD44, CD105, CD45, and CD34 of hADSCs. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) in hADSCs and MTs were identified by Western blotting. Then the ID-MTs were employed for 3D bioprinting. The bioprinted structure was encapsulated by transplantation into the subcutaneous tissue of nude mice for 1 week. After retrieval of the encapsulated structure, hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining were performed to demonstrate the morphology and reveal collagen and smooth muscle fibers, integral optical density (IOD) and area of interest were calculated for further semiquantitative analysis. Immunofluorescent double staining of CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were used to reveal vascularization of the encapsulated structure. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2), α-SMA, and smoothelin of the MTs in the implanted structure. Afterward, the encapsulated structure was seeded with human urothelial cells. Immunofluorescent staining of cytokeratins AE1/AE3 was applied to inspect the morphology of seeded encapsulated structure.Results:The semi-quantitative assay showed that the relative protein expression of VEGFA was 0.355 ± 0.038 in the hADSCs vs. 0.649 ± 0.150 in the MTs (t = 3.291, P = 0.030), while TSG-6 expression was 0.492 ± 0.092 in the hADSCs vs. 1.256 ± 0.401 in the MTs (t = 3.216, P = 0.032). The semi-quantitative analysis showed that the mean IOD of IL-2 in the MT group was 7.67 ± 1.26, while 12.6 ± 4.79 in the hADSCs group, but semi-quantitative analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in the difference between the two groups (t = 1.724, P = 0.16). The semi-quantitative analysis showed that IOD was 71.7 ± 14.2 in non-induced MTs (NI-MTs) vs. 35.7 ± 11.4 in ID-MTs for collagen fibers (t = 3.428, P = 0.027) and 12.8 ± 1.9 in NI-MTs vs. 30.6 ± 8.9 in ID-MTs for smooth muscle fibers (t= 3.369, P = 0.028); furthermore, the mean IOD was 0.0613 ± 0.0172 in ID-MTs vs. 0.0017 ± 0.0009 in NI-MTs for α-SMA (t = 5.994, P = 0.027), while 0.0355 ± 0.0128 in ID-MTs vs. 0.0035 ± 0.0022 in NI-MTs for smoothelin (t= 4.268, P = 0.013), which indicate that 3D bioprinted structure containing ID-MTs could mimic the smooth muscle layer of native urinary tract. After encapsulation of the urinary tract patch for additional cell adhesion, urothelial cells were seeded onto the encapsulated structures, and a monolayer urothelial cell was observed.Conclusion:Through 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering methods, we provided a promising way to fabricate tissue-engineered urinary tract patch for further investigation.