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简介：Theanalysisof43yearsofNCEP-NCARreanalysisdataandstationobservationsrevealstheconnectionsbetweentropospherictemperaturevariationsandtheweakeningoftheIndiansummermonsooncirculation.TheIndiansummermonsoonvariationisstronglylinkedtotropospherictemperatureoverEastAsia,showingsignificantpositivecorrelationsofmeantropospherictemperaturewithall-Indiansummerrainfallandthemonsooncirculationintensity.TheresultshowsthatIndiansummermonsooncirculationunderwenttwoweakeningprocessesinrecentdecades.Thefirstoccurredincircathemid-1960s,andtheotheroccurredincircathelate1970s.ThefindingindicatesthatthemeantropospherictemperaturemayplayacrucialroleintheweakeningoftheIndiansummermonsoonintensityviachangingland-seathermalcontrast.TheroleofthetropospherictemperaturecontrastbetweenEastAsiaandthetropicalareafromtheeasternIndianOceantothetropicalwesternPacificistoweakentheIndiansummermonsooncirculation.

简介：Basedondynamicrupturesimulationsonaplanarfaultinahomogeneoushalf-space,weinvestigatedthenucleationprocessesusingthetime-weakeningfrictionlaw.Boththecharacteristictimeandtherupturespeedinthenucleationasperityplayanimportantroleindeterminingrupturebehaviorsonafaultplanefollowingthetime-weakeningfrictionlaw,withwhichrupturestartsfromasinglepointinthenucleationasperityandpropagatesatagivenspeedtowardtheboundaryofthenucleationarea.Rupturewithasmallcharacteristictimeoralargerupturespeedinthenucleationasperitypropagatesearlierfromthehypocenter.Rupturefollowingtheslipweakeningfrictionlawrequiresasmallerradiusofnucleationpatchtohavesimilarrupturefrontcontoursofthetime-weakeningfrictionlaw.Eveniftherupturevelocityinthenucleationpatchofthetime-weakeningfrictionlawincreasestoinfinity,thepeaksliprateinthenucleationasperityissmallerthanthatoftheslip-weakeninglaw.Thepeakgroundvelocitydistributionsofrupturesfollowingthetwofrictionlawsarealsocompared.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatechangesinfundusexcyclotorsionafterinferiorobliquemyectomyormyotomy.METHODS:Therecordsof21patientsundergoingstrabismussurgerybyasinglesurgeonbetween2009and2012wereexamined.Onlypatientswhohadundergoneaninferiorobliquemyectomyormyotomy,withorwithouthorizontalrectusmusclesurgery,wereevaluated.Digitalfundusphotographswereobtained,andtheangleformedbyahorizontallinepassingthroughtheopticdisccenterandareferencelineconnectingthefoveolaandopticdisccenterwasmeasured.Associatedclinicalfactorsexaminedincludeageatthetimeofsurgery,presenceorabsenceofaheadtilt,degreeofpreoperativeverticaldeviation,torsionalangle,inferiorobliquemuscleoveraction/superiorobliquemuscleunderaction,andsurgerylaterality.Whethertheprocedurewasperformedaloneorincombinationwithahorizontalrectusmusclesurgerywasalsoexamined.RESULTS:Meanpreoperativetorsionalanglewas12.0±6.4°,whichdecreasedto6.9±5.7°aftersurgery(P<0.001,pairedt-test).Torsionalanglealsodecreasedfrom15.1±7.0°to6.2±4.3°inthemyectomygroup(P<0.001,pairedt-test)buttherewerenosignificantchangesinthemyotomygroup(P=0.093,Wilcoxonsignedranktest).Multivariablelinearregressionanalysisshowedthatpreoperativetorsionalangle,degreeofinferiorobliqueoveraction,andageatsurgeryindependentlyandsignificantlyaffectedpostoperativetorsionalangle.CONCLUSION:Meantorsionalangledecreasedafterinferiorobliquemyectomy.Degreeofpreoperativetorsionalangle,inferiorobliqueoveraction,andageatsurgeryinfluencepostoperativetorsionalangle.

简介：这份报纸为最佳的设计论述一条途径一新翻新叫的技术削弱并且抑制那为土木工程是有效的无弹性的结构。其他的设计方法论关于能决定地点和结构的元素变弱或弄软并且增加的大小当保险结构的稳定性时，抑制的存在的被开发。是处于非线性的状态的多项式的求和的一个最佳的多项式控制器在阶段1方法被使用减少山峰反应数量地震地激动非线性或hysteretic系统。最佳的多项式控制器的主要优点是它能自动地稳定结构的系统。砍类型结构的最佳的设计被用作一个例子说明建议途径的可行性，它导致减小两个都达到顶点内部故事的飘移和山峰总数加速。

简介：UsingtheNationalCenterforEnvironmentalPredictionreanalysisdataon1.0°×1.0°gridsanddatafromtheTropicalCycloneyearbook(2000),adiagnosticanalysisandnumericalsimulationwereperformedtoinvestigatethecharacteristicsandmechanismunderlyingtherapidweakeningoftyphoonXangsane.TheresultsshowthatasharpdeclineintheintensityoftyphoonXangsaneresultedfromitsmovementintothecoolseasurfacetemperatureareaintheEastChinaSea,theintrusionofcoldairfromthemainlandintothetyphoon,andarapidincreaseoftheverticalwindshearinthesurroundingenvironment.Animportantfactorthatledtothedemiseofthetyphoonwasasignificantdecreaseinthemoisturetransportintothetyphoon.Furthermore,theresultsofthenumericalsimulationandsensitivityexperimentsindicatethatseasurfacetemperaturelargelymodulatedtherapidweakeningoftyphoonXangsane.

简介：BasedontheTropicalCyclone(TC)YearbooksdataandJRA-25reanalysisdatafromtheJapanMeteorologicalAgency(JMA)during1979-2008,dynamiccompositeanalysisandcomputationofkineticenergybudgetareusedtostudytheintensifyingandweakeningTCsduringExtratropicalTransitionoverChina.TheTCIshowsstrongupper-leveldivergence,strengthenedlow-levelconvergenceandsignificantlyenhancedupwardmotionundertheinfluenceofstrongupper-leveltroughsandhigh-leveljets.TheTCIiscorrespondinglyintensifiedafterExtratropicalTransition(ET);TCWexhibitsstrongupper-leveldivergence,subduedlow-levelconvergenceandslightlyenhancedupwardmotionundertheinfluenceofweakupper-leveltroughsandhigh-leveljets.ItthenweakensafterET.Theincrease(decrease)ofthegenerationofkineticenergybydivergencewindinTCI(TCW)atlowlevelisoneofthemajorreasonsforTCI’sintensification(TCW’sweakening)aftertransformation.Thegenerationofkineticenergybydivergencewindiscloselyrelatedtothedevelopmentofalow-levelbaroclinicfrontalzone.ThegrowthofthegenerationofkineticenergybyrotationalwindinTCIatupperlevelisfavorableforTCI’smaintenance,whichisaffectedbystrongupper-leveltroughs.ThedissipationofthegenerationofkineticenergybyrotationalwindinTCWatupperlevelisunfavorableforTCW’smaintenance,whichisaffectedbyweakupper-leveltroughs.

简介：Theflux-weakeningperformanceofapermanentmagnetbrushlessACdrivewasinvestigatedusingbothfloating-pointandfixed-pointDSPcontrollers.Asignificantcurrentoscillationwasobservedwhenthedrivewasoperatedathigh-speedintheflux-weakeningmodewiththefixed-pointDSP.Theinvestigationshowedthatthiswasduetotheon-linecompensationofthewindingresistancevoltagedropandquantisationerrorsassociatedwiththefixed-pointarchitectureoftheDSP.Asimplelook-uptableschemeisproposedtoeliminatetheoscillationandtoachieveextendedflux-weakeningcapability.

简介：塑造耳朵的热前面(ESTF)，由黄海温暖的水流(YSWC)和山东沿海的水流(SCC)的集中形成了，在冬季是在黄海(YS)的很重要的海洋的现象。在所有表明的situ大小和分析数据集，ESTF在1950s-1990s，和一个类似的变弱趋势期间一直在变弱，这是也在YS上在冬季季风发现。数字实验证明变弱冬季季风能沿着瓷器海岸和向南方的异常水流与向北方异常的水流在多十的timescale上在YS导致异常发行量在里面中央对季节的吝啬的循环YSgenerally相反。异常发行量引起YSWC和SCC的减速，并且因此削弱ESTF。因为ESTF在地区性的海洋动力学和由空至海的相互作用起重要作用，它变弱在冬季在YS为地区性的气候有重要含意。

简介：Rockexperimentresultsindicatethattheload/unloadresponseratio(LURR)ofrocksexpressedviastrainenergymayhavesingularornegativevalueafterthestressintherockreachesitsmaximumbeforerockfailureorwhentherockgoesintothestrain-weakeningphase.Theuniversalityofthisphenomenonisdiscussed.ExpressedviastrainorstrainenergyandthetraveltimeofPwave,thevariationformofthereciprocalofLURRduringtheprocessofrockfailurepreparationisderived.TheresultsshowthatafterasharpdecreasethereciprocalofLURRreachesitsminimumwhenthemainfractureoftherockisabouttoappear.Thisfeaturecanbetakenasanindicationthattherockmainfractureisimpending.

简介：TheonsetofSouthChinaSeasummermonsoonin1998occurredonMay21st.UsingtheU.S.NationalCentersforEnvironmentalPredictionreanalysisdata,thispaperexaminesthephysicalprocessoftheweakeningofasubtropicalanticycloneinWestPacificduringtheonsetperiodusingtheZwack-Okossivorticityequation.Resultsshowthatduringthepre-onsetperiod,thepositivevorticityadvectioninfrontofanuppertropospherictroughwasthemostdominantphysicalmechanismfortheincreaseofthecyclonicvorticityonthe850-hPalayerovertheSouthChinaSeaanditsnearbyregion.Thesecondarycontributiontotheincreaseofthecyclonicvorticitywasthewarm-airadvection.Aftertheonset,themagnitudeofthelatent-heatwarmingtermrapidlyincreasedanditseffectontheincreaseofthecyclonicvorticitywasaboutthesameasthepositive-vorticityadvection.Theadiabatictermanddivergencetermcontributednegativelytotheincreaseofthecyclonicvorticitymostofthetime.Thus,thepositivevorticityadvectionisthemostimportantphysicalmechanismfortheweakeningoftheWestPacificsubtropicalanticycloneovertheSouthChinaSeaduringtheonsetperiod.

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简介：High-velocityfrictionexperimentswereconductedonclayeyfaultgougecollectedfromHongkououtcropofBeichuanfault,locatedatthesouthwesternpartofLongmenshanfaultsystemthatcausedthedisastrous2008Wenchuanearthquake.Theultimatepurposeofthisstudyistoreproducethisearthquakebymodelingbasedonmeasuredfrictionalproperties.Drygougeofabout1mminthicknesswasdeformeddryatslipratesof0.01to1.3m/sandatnormalstressesof0.61to3.04MPa,usingarotary-shearhigh-velocityfrictionaltestingmachine.Thegougedisplaysslipweakeningbehaviorasinitialpeakfrictiondecaystowardssteady-statevaluesafteragivendisplacement.Bothpeakfrictionandsteady-statefrictionremainhighatslowslipratesareexaminedandgougeonlyexhibitsdramaticweakeningathighsliprates,withsteady-statefrictioncoefficientvaluesofabout0.1to0.2.Specificfractureenergyrangesfrom1to4MN/minourresultsandthisisofthesameorderasseismicallydeterminedvalues.LowfrictioncoefficientsmeasuredonexperimentalfaultsareinbroadagreementwithlackofthermalanomalyobservedfromtemperaturemeasurementsinWFSD-1drillhole(WenchuanEarthquakeFaultScientificDrillingProject),whichcanbeexplainedbyevensmallerfrictioncoefficientfortheWenchuanearthquakefault.High-velocityfrictionexperimentswithporewaterneedstobedonetoseeifevensmallerfrictionisattainedornot.Shinyslickensidesurfacesformathighsliprates,butnotatslowsliprates.Slipzonewithslickensidesurfacechangesitscolortodarkbrownandformsduplex-likemicrostructures,whicharesimilartothosemicrostructuresfoundinthefaultgougesfromtheHongkououtcrop.DetailedcomparisonsbetweenexperimentallydeformedgougesamplesandWFSDdrillcoresinthefuturewillrevealhowmuchwecouldreproducethedynamicweakeningprocessesinoperationinfaultzonesduringWenchuanearthquakeatpresent.