简介:摘要利用在线耦合的三维大气化学传输模式WRF-Chem模拟了冬季东亚地区的气溶胶辐射反馈情况。该模式的模拟结果中,温度、相对湿度、风速等值都和地面观测有较好的对应关系,可较好地反应该区域的气象要素特征。针对大气污染物的模拟,结果可见PM2.5的高值区主要集中在中国东部地区,包括长江中下游平原和华北平原,另外四川盆地的颗粒物浓度也较高。本研究还对比了开关气溶胶辐射反馈的两个数值实验,发现东亚地区由于PM2.5导致的地表短波辐射接收量减少了约20-45W/m2,其中降幅最大的是京津冀区域、四川盆地及华中平原区,这与颗粒物浓度的高值区是相对应的。由于气溶胶气候效应导致的温度、相对湿度变化分别达到-0.6℃和6%,增加的湿度导致颗粒物的吸湿增长,其质量浓度会对应升高。该结果定量描述了该地区由于气溶胶辐射反馈造成的近地面温度湿度变化,并分析了其可能存在的正反馈机制。
简介:AWRF-Chemmodelincludingacomprehensivegas-phasenitrogenchemistrymodulewasusedtosimulateaseveredusteventappearingintheeasternChinaon19-25March,2002.ThemodelingresultwellreproducedPM10concentrationsinvariousdistancesfromthedustsourcesandthetransportpathwayoftheduststrom.TheresultsshowedthatboththeconcentrationsandthedrydepositionfluxesofPM10increasedovertheChinaseasduringthedusteventfollowingthepassageofacoldfrontsystem.ThemaximumfluxesofPM10intheYellowSeaandtheEastChinaSeaduringthedusteventwere5.5and8.4timesofthosebeforetheevent,respectively.However,thetemporalvariationsofthedrydepositionfluxesofparticulateinorganicnitrogendifferedovertheYellowSeafromthoseovertheEastChinaSea.NitrateandammoniuminthewholenorthernChinarapidlydecreasedbecauseoftheintrusionofdust-loadedairon19March.ThedustplumearrivedintheYellowSeaon20March,decreasingtheparticulateinorganicnitrogeninmassconcentrationaccordingly.TheminimumdrydepositionfluxesofnitrateandammoniumintheYellowSeawereabout3/5and1/6ofthosebeforethedustarrival,respectively.Incontrast,whenthedustplumecrossedovertheYangtzeDeltaarea,itbecameabundantinnitrateandammoniumandincreasedtheconcentrationsanddrydepositionfluxesofparticulateinorganicnitrogenovertheEastChinaSea,wherethemaximumdrydepositionfluxesofnitrateandammoniumincreasedapproximatelyby4.1and2.6timesofthosepriortothedustarrival.
简介:在这篇论文,联机天气研究并且预报并且化学(WRF/CHEM)模型,结合了城市的华盖(UCM)和源於生物排放的模型,被用来在第二等的器官的喷雾器(SOA)上探索城市的扩大的影响形成。城市的地图的二种情形在WRF/CHEM被使用在珍珠河三角洲(PRD)代表1990年代初(都市化前)和当前的城市的分发。用为2001年3月的上述陆地使用情形的月长的模拟结果出现:(1)都市化能由大约0.63°C增加每月平均的温度,减少每月在38%平均10-m风速度,增加每月由80m平均边界层深度,并且减少月刊平均混合由0.2g/kg的比率的水。(2)处于气象学的条件的变化能导致NOx,VOC,O3和NO3激进分子的可检测的集中变化。由4ppbv和1.5ppbv的最大值的都市化减少表面NOx和VOC集中分别地。在主要城市上的表面O3和NO3激进分子集中分别地由大约24ppbv和412pptv增加;有增加集中通常与温度的区域与一致的O3和NO3基的区域增加并且弯屈NOx和VOC减少的速度减小。(3)都市化能在Foshan,中山和西方广州导致SOA的9%增加,3%在深圳和Dongguan减少。在PRD主要城市上,从艾特肯模式的SOA在30%,但是与超过70%SOA减少从积累模式。都市化从艾特肯模式在SOA形成上有更强烈的影响。(4)在PRD上,5565%SOA来自aromatics先锋。都市化有对aromatics先锋的最强烈的影响生产SOA(14%增加),当链烷先锋上有更少的影响时。链烯先锋在都市化状况下面有否定贡献到SOA形成。
简介:天气研究预报模型(WRF)与高分辨率和NCEP1?设置了???ㄠ???????????????????????????è
简介:SignificantchangeshaveoccurredintheAntarcticPeninsula(AP)includingwarmertemperatures,acceleratedmeltingofglaciers,andbreakupoficeshelves.ThisstudyusestheWeatherResearchandForecastingmodel(WRF)forcedbytheCommunityClimateSystemModel4(CCSM)simulationstostudyfoehnwindwarminginAP.Wea-thersystemsresponsibleforgeneratingthefoehneventsaretwocyclonicsystemsthatmovetowardand/orcrossoverAP.WRFsimulatesthemovementofcyclonicsystemsandtheresultingfoehnwindwarmingthatisabsentinCCSM.ItisfoundthatthewarmingextentalongatransectacrossthecentralAPtowardLarsenCIceShelf(LCIS)variesduringthesimulationperiodandthemaximumwarmingmovesfromnearthebaseofleewardslopestoover40kmawayextendingtowardtheattachedLCIS.Ouranalysissuggeststhatthefoehnwindwarmingisnegativelycorrelatedwiththeincomingairtemperatureandthemountaintoptemperatureduringperiodswithoutsignificantprecipitation,inwhichisentropicdrawdownisthedominantheatingmechanism.Ontheotherhand,whensignificantprecipitationoccursalongthewindwardsideofAP,latentheatingisthemajorheatingmechanismevidencedbypositiverelationsbetweenthefoehnwindwarmingand1)incomingairtemperature,2)windwardprecipitation,and3)latentheating.Foehnwindwarmingcausedbyisentropicdrawdownalsotendstobestrongerthanthatcausedbylatentheating.ComparisonofWRFsimulationsforcedbyoriginalandcorrectedCCSMdataindicatesthatfoehnwindwarmingisstrongerintheoriginalCCSMforcedsimulationwhennosignificantwindwardprecipitationispresent.Thefoehnwindwarmingbecomesweakerinbothsimulationswhenthereissignificantwindwardprecipitation.Thissuggeststhatmodel’sabilitytoresolvethefoehnwarmingvarieswiththeforcingdata,buttheprecipitationimpactontheleewardwarmingisconsistent.
简介:Twolandsurfacemodels,CommunityLandModel(CLM3.5)andNOAHmodel,havebeencoupledtotheWeatherResearchandForecasting(WRF)modelandbeenusedtosimulatetheprecipitation,temperature,andcirculationfields,respectively,overeasternChinainatypicalfloodyear(1998).Thepurposeofthisstudyistorevealtheeffectsoflandsurfacechangesonregionalclimatemodeling.ComparisonsofsimulatedresultsandobservationdataindicatethatchangesinlandsurfaceprocesseshavesignificantimpactonspatialandtemporaldistributionofprecipitationandtemperaturepatternsineasternChina.CouplingoftheCLM3.5totheWRFmodel(experimentWRF-C)substantiallyimprovesthesimulationresultsovereasternChinarelativetoanolderversionofWRFcoupledtotheNOAH-LSM(experimentWRF-N).ItisfoundthatthesimulationofthespatialpatternofsummerprecipitationinWRF-CisbetterthaninWRF-N.WRF-Calsosignificantlyreducesthesummerpositivebiasofsurfaceairtemperature,anditssimulatedsurfaceairtemperaturematchesmorecloselytoobservationsthanWRF-Ndoes,whichisassociatedwithlowersensibleheatfluxesandhigherlatentheatfluxesinWRF-C.
简介:开展了基于嵌套的全球模式MIROC和区域气候模式WRF的动力降尺度模拟试验,检验该模式对中国气候的模拟性能,得到以下结论:全球气候模式MIROC和WRF都能较好地模拟出中国年平均地表气温(下文简称气温)分布。WRF模式对气温场的描述更为细致,模拟出了四川盆地高温和中国最北方区域的低温。两个模式总体上对南方降水模拟好于北方地区,东部地区好于西部地区。MIROC模式模拟的年平均和各季节降水与观测的空间相关系数在0.79~0.83之间,表明它对降水的模拟较好。WRF模式模拟的降水空间分布好于MIROC模式。MIROC模式在青藏高原东南侧存在虚假降水中心,WRF能有效改进该地区降水的模拟。两个模式对年平均气温和降水年际变率的模拟能力均较差,WRF模式相对MIROC模式有一定改进。
简介:利用WRF模式的5种云微物理方案对华西地区一次秋雨过程(2011年9月13—20日)进行了模拟,分析不同云微物理方案对华西秋雨的模拟能力,并对降水模拟差异的可能原因进行分析。结果表明:WRF模式的5种云微物理方案对华西秋雨均具有一定的模拟能力,可模拟出华西秋雨的夜雨特征,但Kessler方案模拟的降水落区偏小且降水强度偏弱,而Lin方案模拟的降水强度则偏强;相对来说,Ferrier和WSM3方案对华西秋雨主要降水过程的模拟效果较好。对比WRF模式5种不同云微物理方案对华西秋雨过程的模拟可知,各方案模拟的区域降水强度与WRF模式模拟的上升运动的强弱存在较好的一致性。