简介：AttheinvitationoftheChineseAssociationforInternationalUnderstanding(CAFIU),adelegationofyoungmembersofJapan’sDietheadedbyTairaMasaaki,memberofHouseofRepresentativesvisitedBeijingfromDecember5to9.ChineseVice-PresidentLiYuanchaometthedelegationonDecember7."Wehopeyoung

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简介：<正>AttheinvitationoftheChineseAssociationforInternationalUnderstanding(CAFIU),a20-memberyoungleadersdelegationofJCI(JuniorChamberInternationalJapan)headedbyEndoTatsuya,CouncillorofNodaCity,ChibaPrefecturevisitedBeijingfromMay26to30.Thedelegationconsistsoflocalcouncillors,businessmen,civilservantsandmediaworkers.

简介：Background:Bioenergyisre-shapingopportunitiesandimperativesofforestmanagement.Thisstudydemonstrates,throughacasestudyinScotspine(PinussylvestrisL.),howforestbioenergypoliciesaffectstandmanagementstrategies.Methods:Optimizationstudieswereexaminedfor15Scotspinestandsofdifferentinitialstanddensities,sitetypes,andtemperaturesumregionsinFinland.StanddevelopmentwasmodeledusingthePipeQualstandsimulatorcoupledwiththesimulation-optimizationtoolOptiForBioenergytoassessthreeforestbioenergypoliciesonenergywoodharvestfromearlythinnings.Results:Theoptimalsolutionsmaximizingbarelandvalueindicatethatconventionalforestmanagementregimesremainoptimalforsparsestands.Energyharvestsoccurredonlywhenprofitable,ledtolowerfinancialreturns.Aforestbioenergypolicywhichincludedcompulsoryenergywoodharvestingwasoptimalfordenserstands.Atahigherinterestrate(4%),increasingenergywoodpricepostponedenergywoodharvesting.Inaddition,ourresultsshowthatearlythinningsomewhatreducedwoodqualityforstandsinfertilesites.Forlessfertilesites,thechangeswereinsignificant.Conclusions:Aconstraintofprofitableenergywoodharvestisnotrational.Itisoptimaltocarryoutthefirstthinningwithaflexibleforestbioenergypolicydependingonstanddensity.

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简介：Thisstudyexaminedthefactorsassociatedwithfinancialsupportinoldagefromthreeprimarymechanisms-personalsavings,familysupport,andsocialinsurance-toexploretheimplicationsforthefuturedevelopmentofChina’sruralsocialwelfaresystem.Cross-sectionalsurveysof1392youngandmiddle-agedruralresidentswereconductedinJulyandAugust2012.Theresultsshowedthatwhilesocialinsurancewasincreasinglyacceptable,personalsavingsandfamilysupportstillhadfundamentalvalue.Combiningthethreemechanisms,theruralold-agewelfaresystempresentednontraditionalfeatures.China’snewruralendowmentinsuranceisdiscussedasameanstoaddresstheneedforfinancialsupportamongtheruralagingpopulation.

简介：Noisepollutionisamajorhazardousfactortohumanhealthandislikelyharmfulforvulnerablegroupssuchaspre-terminfantsunderlifesupportsysteminanintensivecareunit.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatnoiseexposureimpairschildren’slearningabilityandcognitiveperformanceandcognitivefunctionsinanimalmodelsinwhichtheeffectismainlyattributedtotheoxidantstressofnoiseonthecognitivebrain.Thepotentialroleofnoiseinducedhearingloss(NIHL),ratherthantheoxidantstress,hasalsobeenindicatedbyadepressionofneurogenesisinthehippocampuslongafterabriefnoiseexposure,whichproducesonlyatentativeoxidantstress.ItisnotclearifnoiseexposureandNIHLduringearlydevelopmentexertsalongtermimpactoncognitivefunctionandneurogenesistowardsadulthood.Inthepresentstudy,abriefnoiseexposureathighsoundlevelwasperformedinneonatalC57BL/6Jmice(15daysafterbirth)toproduceasignificantamountofpermanenthearinglossasproved2monthsafterthenoise.Atthisage,thenoise-exposedanimalsshoweddeterioratedspatiallearningandmemoryabilitiesandareductionofhippocampalneurogenesisascomparedwiththecontrol.Theaveragedhearingthresholdwasfoundtobestronglycorrelatedwiththescoresforspatiallearningandmemory.Weconsidertheeffectsobservedarelargelyduetothelossofhearingsensitivity,ratherthantheoxidantstress,duetothelongintervalbetweennoiseexposureandtheobservations.

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