简介：AbstractGastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is a precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (GC) and is considered an irreversible point of progression for GC. Helicobacter pylori infection can cause GIM, but its eradication still does not reverse the process. Bile reflux is also a pathogenic factor in GIM and can continuously irritate the gastric mucosa, and bile acids in refluxed fluid have been widely reported to be associated with GIM. This paper reviews in detail the relationship between bile reflux and GIM and the mechanisms by which bile acids induce GIM.

简介：胆汁的形成取决于胆汁能分泌的仪器的结构、功能的正直，处于不同状况，它的缺陷导致胆汁郁积的症候群。象与它的作文和流动联系的各种各样的方面一样允许胆汁分泌物的结构的底处于生理的条件评价将首先被考察。小管胆汁被极化的hepatocytes生产在他们的basolateral(正弦曲线)的那抓住运输ers并且顶端(小管)血浆膜。这评论在这主要胆汁形成的分子的决定因素上总结最近的数据。当胆汁通过胆汁管，胆汁的树的主要功能是由在胆汁管上皮细胞(cholangiocytes)的能分泌、吸收性的过程的小管胆汁的修正。在cholangiocytes的液体和溶质运输的机制将也被讨论。与分泌物不变、糟糕控制的hepatocytes相对照，cholangiocyte分泌物被荷尔蒙和神经调整。奉献给胆汁分泌物的这些规章的机制的短节被包括了。这修订的目的与胆汁的生理学和病理是在将被奉献给特定的问题的这个系列将底放为另外的评论相关的。

简介：胆汁酸(BA)由充当tensioactives在肠在胖消化有一个长确定的角色，由于他们的amphipatic特征。BA被肠上皮很高效地重新吸收并且经由大部分被阐明了的运输机制再循环回到肝。BA的运输和合成被特定的血浆膜受体和原子受体紧部分地调整。除了他们的主要效果，BA被宣称在胃肠的癌症，肠的发炎和肠的离子的运输起一个作用。BA不在任何这些生物活动，和结构的要求是相等的通常被识别了。特别地，一些BA可能在煽动性的肠疾病为癌症chemoprevention并且也许是有用的，尽管进一步的研究在这个领域里是必要的。这评论在BA肠的生物学的这些方面盖住最近的开发。

简介：胆汁酸为饮食的类脂化合物和胖可溶的维生素的吸收是重要的，但是正在表明分子与不仅多样endocrine和paracrine功能。胆汁酸调整胆汁酸，类脂化合物和葡萄糖新陈代谢并且调制温度和精力动态平衡。而且，胆汁酸不能仅仅支持房间增长和肝新生，但是能也导致规划细胞死亡。胆汁酸功能通过包括原子荷尔蒙受体的激活的不同小径被调停，细胞内部的家族ases并且血浆膜界限，G蛋白质联合了胆汁酸受体TGR5/Gpbar-1。

简介：背景：训练的整个身体颤动(WBV)出现到豆子为在更老的个人训练的常规抵抗的有效选择。到目前为止，没有数据在心和肺的健康上关于振动效果存在。目的：这随机的ised控制了估计的试用在超过60岁的社区住所成年人在心和肺的健康和肌肉力量上训练的1年的WBV的效果。方法：220个成年人的一个总数(意味着年龄67.1年)随机被分到一个WBV组，健康组或控制组。在一个颤动平台上行使的TheWBV组，和健康组表演了心血管，抵抗，平衡和拉长的锻练。控制组没参予任何训练。心率在一个单个WBV会议期间被测量。山峰氧举起(VO2peak)和time-to-peak锻练(TPE)在进步自行车ergometry期间被测量。肌肉力量被一个测力计估计。结果：心率在WBV训练期间显著地增加了。在1年以后，VO2peak,TPE和肌肉力量在WBV和健康组显著地增加了。两个都训练的组在VO2peak和肌肉力量同样改善了。健康组比WBV组在TPE更显著地改善了。结论：WBV在社区住所训练老看起来有效改进心和肺的健康和肌肉力量。

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简介：FromJune,1986toJune1989,24casesofhilarbileductcarcinomawereexploredintheSurgicalDepartmentofGeneralHospitalofPLA,16/24caseswereresected,aresectabilityrateof66%.Theincreaseofresectabilityratewasduetoearlierrecognitionofthisconditionandtheextensionofsurgery,includingmajorresectionofliveraswellasradicaldissectionofthehepato-duodenalligamentandrepairativeoperationsonthebloodvessels.Amongthese16cases,majorhepaticresectionwasperformedin10cases,inwhich,3casesofresectionsofthemiddlelobeoftheliverweredoneinsteadofrightorextendedrightlobectomy.Nooperativemortalityinthe30days’postoperativeperiod,butthepostoperativemorbidityratewasstillhighandmostofthecomplicationswererelatedtobiliaryleakageandinfection.Threepatientsdiedinthefollowupperiodat6,14and15monthsrespectively.Allofthemdiedfrombiliaryinfection.Theremaining13patientswerestillalive,thelongestbein

简介：AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the fastest-growing diseases, and its global prevalence is estimated to increase >50% by 2030. NAFLD is comorbid with metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance. Despite extensive research efforts, there are no pharmacologic or biological therapeutics for the treatment of NAFLD. Bile acids and sphingolipids are well-characterized signaling molecules. Over the last few decades, researchers have uncovered potential mechanisms by which bile acids and sphingolipids regulate hepatic lipid metabolism. Dysregulation of bile acid and sphingolipid metabolism has been linked to steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. This clinical observation has been recapitulated in animal models, which are well-accepted by experts in the hepatology field. Recent transcriptomic and lipidomic studies also show that sphingolipids are important players in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Moreover, the identification of bile acids as activators of sphingolipid-mediated signaling pathways established a novel theory for bile acid and sphingolipid biology. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of bile acid and sphingolipid-mediated signaling pathways as potential contributors to NAFLD. A better understanding of the pathologic effects mediated by bile acids and sphingolipids will facilitate the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.

简介：AIM:Tostudythediagnosisofhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)presentingasbileducttumorthrombuswithnodetectableintrahepaticmass.METHODS:SixpatientswithpathologicallyprovenbileductHCCthrombibutnointrahepaticmassdemonstratedonthepreoperativeimagingorpalpatedintrahepaticmassduringoperativeexploration,werecollected.Theirclinicalandimagingdatawereretrospectivelyanalyzed.Themajorfindingsorsignsoncomprehensiveimagingwerecorrelatedwiththesurgicalandpathologicfindings.RESULTS:Jaundicewasthemajorclinicalsymptomofthepatients.Theelevatedserumtotalbilirubin,directbilirubinandalanineaminotransferaselevelswereinconcordancewithobstructivejaundiceandtheunderlyingliverdisease.Ofthe6patientsshowingevidenceofviralhepatitis,5werepositiveforserumalphafetoproteinandcarbohydrateantigen19-9,and1waspositiveforserumcarcinoembryonicantigen.Nopatientwascorrectlydiagnosedbyultrasound.Themainfeaturesofpatientsoncomprehensiveimagingwerefillingdefectswithcup-shapedendsofthebileduct,withlargefillingdefectspresentingascastingmouldsintheexpandedbileduct,hypervascularintraluminalnodules,debrisorbloodclotsinthebileduct.Noobviouscircularthickeningofthebileductwallswasobserved.CONCLUSION:Evenwithnodetectableintrahepatictumor,bileductHCCthrombusshouldbeconsideredinpatientspredisposedtoHCC,andsomeimagingsignsareindicativeofitsdiagnosis.

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简介：在最后十年期间是的胆汁分泌物的概念仅仅把净化的部件加到肠的混合便于胖消化/吸收并且消除方面产品的一个方法他我新陈代谢更加演变。在肠胃病学的世界杂志是在它“热点话题”的节出版的微型评论的系列，我们将打算在这块地里给我们的知识的简短却更新的概述。这封介绍的信被打算谢谢在肠胃病学贡献了知识的这个区域的发展的所有科学家。

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