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简介：摘要Background and aimIn Multiple Sclerosis (MS) spasticity worsen patient′s quality of life. Botulinum NeuroToxin TypeA (BoNT-A) is extensively used in focal spasticity, frequently combined with physical therapies. Radial extracorporeal shock waves (rESW) were already used in association with BoNT-A. Considering that loss of efficacy and adverse events are determinants of BoNT-A treatment interruption, this study aimed to evaluate the possibility to prolong BoNT-A′s effect by using rESW in MS focal spasticity.MethodsSixteen MS patients with spasticity of triceps surae muscles were first subjected to BoNT-A therapy and, four months later, to 4 sections of rESWT. Patients were evaluated before, 30, 90 days after the end of the treatments, by using Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) and kinematic analysis of passive and active ankle ROM.ResultsBoNT-A determined a significant reduction of spasticity evaluated by MAS with a reduction of positive effects after 4months (P<0.05); MTS highlighted the efficacy only 90 days after injection (P<0.05). rESWT decreased MAS values at the end and 30 days later the treatment (P<0.01); MTS values showed instead a prolonged effect (P<0.01). BoNT-A determined a gain of passive and active ankle ROM, persisting along with treatment and peaking the maximum value after rESWT (P<0.05).ConclusionsrESWT can prolong BoNT-A effect inducing significant reduction of spasticity and improvement in passive and active ankle ROM in MS patients. The use of rESWT following BoNT-A injection is useful to avoid some limitations and to prolong the therapeutic effects of BoNT-A therapy.

简介：摘要ObjectivesTo investigate whether botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection is more effective than radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy in reducing plantar flexor muscle spasticity in subjects with cerebral palsy.MethodsA total of 68 subjects with cerebral palsy were randomly allocated to BTX-A injection (Group 1) or radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Group 2) (first experiment; E1). Outcome was evaluated using the Tardieu V1 and V3 stretches, at 3 weeks, 2 months (M2) and M3 after baseline. At M6 subjects in Group 1 received radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy and subjects in Group 2 received BTX-A injection (second experiment; E2); outcome was evaluated as in E1. Treatment success was defined as improvement in foot dorsiflexion ≥10° when performing the V3 stretch at M2 in both experiments.ResultsIn both experiments mean V1 and V3 significantly improved over time. In E1 both treatments resulted in similar treatment success. In E2 fewer subjects treated with BTX-A injection reached the criteria of treatment success than did subjects treated with radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy, which was due to a carry-over effect from E1. No significant complications were observed.ConclusionBTX-A injection is not superior to radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of plantar flexor muscle spasticity in subjects with cerebral palsy.

简介：39Vibriocholerae的一个总数非，非，O139拉紧的O1从Dhaka城市的不同部分的表面水被孤立，孟加拉国。，显示出的这些种类ctx或zot基因缺乏的所有由PCRanalysis.Eighteen代表证明种类为enterotoxin生产使用被测试一个兔子ileal环模型，哪个生活8个种类和文化的房间6个种类过滤在ileal的生产液体累积循环。然而，任何一个都没他们生产热马厩毒素(圣)，由乳臭未干的老鼠试金检测了。在另一方面，中的15%个孤立由中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)房间试金检测了的生产细胞毒素。乘集中的文化的五十紧张没对反霍乱毒素给任何沉淀素乐队的代表过滤，建议紧张生产了enterotoxin，它与已知的霍乱毒素(CT)antigenically不同。百分之八十个总数孤立被发现为易变的haemolysin由试管方法检测了的热积极，而，39%被Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen(营地)方法发现积极。然而，87%isolates是积极的因为紧张的haemagglutinin/protease和所有为mannose-sensitive-haemagglutinin试金是积极的。

简介：SONY也出宽屏幕笔记本了．你相信吗？一向给人以“固执”示人的SONY也禁不住市场的诱惑．推出旗下的第一款宽屏幕笔记本A系列。到目前为止全球十几家笔记本大厂只有IBM的ThinkPad系列还未推出宽屏摹了。此次，A系列一共推出15英寸．15.4英寸和17英寸三款不同的型号．而17英寸将凭借超大的屏幕和不俗的配置．成为A系列乃至整个SONY笔记本中的旗舰机型。

简介：在这篇论文，作者与某些θ-讨论多线性的单个积分打考尔德ón-Zygmund操作员并且从弱H1(Rn)获得围住的海角到weakL1(Rn)。

简介：基于目标，产品由gasoline-typeand生产了的这篇文章芳香类型连续催化改过(CCR)单位在这些催化改过单位的技术指示物上做一个评价。这篇文章也为最大化汽油类型和芳香类型的CCR单位关于催化剂，化工物品的优化和优化操作政体的选择交付的目标产品探索技术措施。

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简介：ObjectiveToestablishananimalmodelofsuddenonsetsensorineuralhearingloss(SSNHL)tostudyitsmechanisms.MaterialsandmethodsTheinnerearwasexposedto3-nitropropionicacidat0.5mol/L(3-NP(H))and0.3mol/L(3-NP(L))throughtheroundwindowmembranefor30minutesin50maleguineapigs.Thresholdsofauditorybrainstemresponses(ABR)wereestablishedbeforethetreatmentandretestedat4hours,1day,3daysand6daysfollowing3-NPexposure.Controlanimalsweretreatedwithphosphatebufferedsaline(PBS)andtheirABRswereretestedat4hoursand1dayafterthetreatment.Animalsweremonitoredfornystagmusandposturalsignsofvestibulardysfunction,usingadigitalvideocamera,followingthetreatmentprocedure.Specimensweretakenat12hours,1day,3daysand7daysfollowing3-NP(H)exposureandembeddedinJB4forlightmicroscopyobservation.ResultsABRswerelostinallanimalstestedat4hoursfollowing3-NP(H)exposure.TherateofcompleteABRlossdecreasedaspost-treatmenttesttimeincreased.ABRswerelostin80%(4/5)oftheanimalsat1dayafterexposureto3-NP(L).Spontaneoushorizontalnystagmuswithafastphaseawayfromthetreatedeardevelopedinall3-NP(H)-treatedanimalsandin20%(1/5)oftheanimalsexposedto3-NP(L),exceptfortheonetreatedbilaterally.Variousdegreeofposturaldisturbancesconsistentwithunilateralvestibulardysfunction,suchasspontaneousbarrelrollingtowardstheexposuresidewhilewalking,wereseeninallanimalsexposedto3-NP(H)and40%(2/5)ofanimalsexposedto3-NP(L),exceptfortheoneanimaltreatedbilaterally,whichshowednosignsofimbalance.Bothnystagmusandposturaldisturbancesresolvedin2daysfollowing3-NPexposure.HistologicalstudyshowedtemporaryedematintheorganorCorti,Claudiuscellsandtheinnersulcuscells3daysafter3-NP(H)treatment.Enlargementofintercellularspaceinthespiralprominencewasfirstnoticedat12hourspost-3-NP(H)exposure,progressedatd

简介：Theaetiologyandpathogenesisoftype2diabetesremainunclear.Mostpatientsexhibitacombinationoftwomajormetabolicdefects:

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简介：Failureofthethyroidglandrequiresthyroidhormonereplacementtherapy,whichisrelativelyeasilyadjustedtoreplicatethenormalphysiologicalstatebymonitoringplasmalevelsofthyroxineand/orthyroid-stimulatinghormone.Incontrast,failureofpancreaticβ-eellsrequiresinsulintherapy,andoptimalreplacementrequiresmonitoring,notoftheabsenthormone(insulin),butofitsmajorsubstmte(glucose).

简介：SONYK系列是SONY笔记本系列中的一款低端产品。外形设计上．SONYK系列一改同类型产品稳重商务设计思路．采用了与SQCJYZ1颇为相近的时尚气息与GR和FR等机型形成了鲜明的对比．

简介：Validityandreliability,aswealllearnedinourfirstresearchmethodsclass,aretwoofthemostimportantqualitiesofanytest,measurementorassessment.Whencomparedwithvalidity,reliabilityisactuallymoreimportantsincewithoutit,therewouldbenovalidity.Sincereliabilityissoimportant,almostallresearchjournalstodayhavesomearticlesrelatedtoreliability.Unfortunately,manyofthesearticlesfailtoreport

简介：ItisprovedthattheChebyshevpolynomial_n(x)=T_n(xcosπ/2n),hasthegreatestuniformnormon[-1,1]ofitsthirdderivativeamongtherealpolynomialsofdegreeatmostn,whichareboundedby1in[-1,1]andvanishin-1and1.

简介：Typesystemprovidesaprecisedescriptionofaprogramminglanguage.Thisisaprerequisitefortheimplementationanduseoflanguage.Italsoconductsmechanicalandtransparenttype-checkingonprogramstopreventtheoccurrenceofexecutionerrorduringtherunningofprograms.So,itcanbesaidthat,ontheonehand,typesystemworksasaformaltooltodomathematicalanalysisoflanguage;ontheotherhand,itisaformalmethodforrigorouslyandpreciselydesigningandimplementinglanguage.Inthispaper,somebasicconceptsoftypesystemarediscussedfirst.Andthen,theimplementationofagraph-rewriting-basedfunctionallanguage－SClean'stypesystemisgivenindetails.Itishopedthattheproposedmethodofusingandimplementingtypesystemisofpracticalusefulness.

简介：SONY的505系列已经推出了一代又一代．从最早的505系列到最近的V505．每一代都给人留下浑刻的印象。而最近即将推出的S系列．虽然并不隶属于505系列．但从外形上我们可知它应该是505系列的接替者。我们惊喜地发现．在S系列中，加入了许多新的元素，无论是外形还是内在软件都让SONYFans眼前一亮。

简介：在考古学的发现的底上，米饭的最早的驯服在中间和更低的Changjiang河盆被证实了，当在这个区域野米饭人口与冻结冬季寒冷在气候下面在浅沼泽地被发现时。这些调查结果铅我们覆查关于米饭的驯服和区别的过去的想法。历史上，在1930年代二亚种，indica和装饰用的梨树，在在他们之间的F1混血儿根据绝育被建议。此后不久那，二种类型被很多个遗传上独立的特点的协会分类。特点的典型协会被被假定包括一套副本的混合绝育或繁殖障碍解释了后退的致命的基因并且是内部基因机制导致品种的区别。在1980年代，在Indica和装饰用的梨树类型之间的混合绝育被分析，并且当生气时，把肥沃的混血儿给Indica和装饰用的梨树类型的Indica，装饰用的梨树，和宽相容性的类型，被证明包含等位基因，S5i，S5j和S5n，分别地在染色体6上的一个地点。并且当没有配偶子流产发生在S5i/S5n和S5j/S5n遗传型时，让S5j等位基因被发现部分是的那些配偶子在S5i/S5j的混合遗传型流产了。从那以后，基因S5n在繁殖获得在亚种之间的肥沃、精力旺盛的混血儿的混合米饭被使用了，并且混合绝育的长争论的问题被解决了。另外，在如此的研究，特点的典型协会在每品种的组发现了被创始人效果更好解释。在另一方面，米饭的很多本国的栽培变种与分子的标记在1980年代并且以后与酶多型性被调查。作为结果，深刻基因差异在栽培米饭以及在野米饭被发现。这些调查结果似乎带我们到米饭的多重独立驯服的想法。然而在得出如此的一个结论前，至少二个因素，即，一些遗传型的long-distance-dissemination和由到原始栽培变种的本地野米饭的基因渗入的可能性需要被检验。考虑二个因素以及历史的事件，在Changjiang河盆接近野米饭的长期的装饰用的�