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简介：Widthspreadisusuallyconsideredinhotrolling,nevertheless,itcanbeignoreincoldrolling.Inordertocontrolthecrownandflatnessbettersimultaneouslyandrealizethedecouplingofcrownandflatness,thetransversedisplacementfunctionofstripisdefinedanddeduced.Thefactorsthataffectsthewidthspreadareanalyzingwiththefunction.Accordingtotheunchangedprincipleofvolumebeforeandafterrolling,theflatnessmodelwhichconsidersthewidthspreadisdeduced.Throughthemodel,thetransversemetalflowingofdifferentstandsanddifferentthicknessisanalyzing,itisfoundthatthewidthspreadisbiggestincoldrollingattheNo.1standbecauseofthemaximumthicknessandreductionandtheminimumdeformationresistance.Itgivesagoodfoundationforthedecouplingofcrownandflatness.

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简介：In2005,significantrainfallreinforcementandseveredisasterwasinducedbytropicalcyclone(TC)TalimafteritmadelandfallontheeastofChina.Observationalanalysesshowthatithasrelationshipwithcoldairintrusion.Forinvestigatingtheimpactofcoldairintensity,wemakeuseofWeatherResearchandForecasting(WRF)model,thesynthesizerofNCEP/NCARreanalysisdataandJapanregionalspectralmodeldata,tocarryoutnumericalexperiments.Resultsshowthatrainfallreinforcementoccursinallexperiments.Differentintensityofcoldaircanmodifytherainfalldistributionandintensitysignificantly.Intherainfallcenter,theincrementmaximumofrainfallistwiceaslargeasthatoftheminimum.Moderatecoldairintrusionmayresultinthestrongestrainfallreinforcement.Differentcoldairintensitycanleadtodifferentmotionoflow-levelconvergencelinesandfronts.Thereisagoodrelationshipbetweentherainfallregionandtheeasternpartofthefront.Ononehand,strongcoldairweakenstheTCintensitybyitsintrusionintotheTCcenterandresultsinweakconvergenceandaconvergentzoneandarainbandshiftedsouthward.Ontheotherhand,weakcoldairreducestheconvergenceandmovestheconvergentzoneandrainbandnorthward.Moderatecoldairintrusionmaintainsstronglow-levelconvergenceandhigh-leveldivergence,keepingstrongupwardmotionovercertainregions.Consequently,therainbandbeginstostagnateandrainfallreinforcesabruptlytherein.

简介：Anonlinepinholedetectorbasedonthephotoelectricinspectionofcold-rolledsteelstripswasintroduced.Pinholedetectionisimportanttoguaranteethequalityofcold-rolledsteelstrips.ThedetectorherewasdevelopedindependentlybyBaosteel,andisdesignedbasedontheprincipleofphotoelectrictransfer.Typically,aninspectionlightsourceisinstalledabovethesteelstriptobeinspected,andaphotoelectricreceiverisinstalledbeneaththesteelstrip.Thepinholedetectorconsistsofasuper-brightLEDlightsourceandaphotoelectricreceiver,whichiscomposedprimarilyofphotomultipliers.Thesuper-brightLEDlightsourceilluminatesthestripsurface,andthelightthatpermeatesfrompinholesisdetectedandamplifiedbyaphotoelectricreceiver.Thephotomultipliertransformsthedetectedlightintoanelectricalsignal,whichislaterrecognizedandclassifiedbyasignal-processingcircuitandcollectedbyadata-acquisitioncard.Thedetectorcanaccuratelytrackthestripedgeandshieldthestripedgefromoutsidelight.Asaresult,thissystemcandetectapinholeinthestripedgewithasmallblindzoneontheedge.Mostimportantly,thedetectorexhibitsgoodinspectionaccuracyandcanaccuratelydetectapinholewithadiameterof155m.

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简介：Coldstrippingisthemostcommonprocessforcrudeoilsweeteninginoilfieldsparticularlyatoffshoreinstallationsbecauseofitslowpriceandrelativelyeasyoperatingconditionsincomparisonwithothersweeteningprocesses.Inthispaperthecoldstrippingprocessintraycolumnhasbeenmodeledmathematicallyinstaticanddynamicmodes,andsolvedwiththeMATLABsoftware.Thisprocesshasbeenusedintheexistingtreatmentfacilitiesofanoffshoreoilproductioncomplexforverifyingthemodelresults.WiththehelpofHYSYSsoftwaretheeffectiveparametersontheprocesshavebeendiscussedandtheoptimizedconditionsfinalizedaftersomeplantmodificationsforimprovingtheperformanceofstrippercolumnshavebeenproposed.

简介：Cold-stretchedpressurevesselsfromausteniticstainlesssteels(ASS)arewidelyusedforstorageandtransportationofliquefiedgases,andhavesuchadvantagesasthinwallandlightweight.Fatigueisanimportantconcerninthesepressurevessels,whicharesubjectedtoalternativeloads.Eventhoughseveralcodesandstandardshaveguidelinesonthesepressurevessels,therearenorelevantdesignmethodsonfatiguefailure.TounderstandthefatiguepropertiesofASS1.4301(equivalentsincludeUNSS30400andAISI304)insolution-annealed(SA)andcold-stretchedconditions(9%strainlevel)andtheresponseoffatiguepropertiestocoldstretching(CS),low-cyclefatigue(LCF)testswereperformedatroomtemperature,withtotalstrainamplitudesrangingfrom-.4%to-.8%.Martensitetransformationsweremeasuredduringthetests.Comparisonsoncyclicstressresponse,cyclicstress-strainbehavior,andfatiguelifewerecarriedoutbetweenSAandCSmaterials.ResultsshowthatCSreducestheinitialhardeningstage,butprolongsthesofteningperiodinthecyclicstressresponse.Martensitetransformationhelpsformastableregimeandsubsequentsecondaryhardening.Thestressesofmonotonicandcyclicstress-straincurvesareimprovedbyCS,whichleadstoalowerplasticstrainandamuchhigherelasticstrain.ThefatigueresistanceoftheCSmaterialisbetterthanthatoftheSAmaterial,whichisapproximately1?03to2?04cycles.TheS-NcurveoftheASMEstandardforASSiscomparedwiththefatiguedataandisjustifiedtobesuitableforthefatiguedesignofcold-stretchedpressurevessels.However,consideringtheCSmaterialhasabetterfatigueresistance,theS-Ncurvewillbemoreconservative.ThepresentstudywouldbehelpfulinmakingfulluseoftheadvantagesofCStodevelopanewS-Ncurveforfatiguedesignofcold-stretchedpressurevessels.

简介：Pd-containingionicliquid（IL）1-hexyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate（C6MIMBF4）immobilizedon7-Al2O3（Pd-IL/γ-Al2O3）waspreparedandcharacterizedbyFouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy（FTIR）,scanningelectronmicroscopy（SEM）andBrunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）analysis.TheinfluencesofC6MIMBF4loadingandPdonmethaneconversiontoC2hydrocarbonsundercoldplasmawereinvestigated.FTIRandSEManalysesindicatedthatC6MIMBF4hadbeensuccessfullyimmobilizedon7-Al2O3andtheC6MIMBF4showedexcellentstabilityundercoldplasma.TheresultsofBETandmethaneconversionshowedthatwiththeincreaseinimmobilizationamountofC6MIMBF4ontoγ-Al2O3,thespecificsurfaceareaandporevolumeofIL/γ-Al2O3decreased,whiletheselectivityandyieldofC2hydrocarbonsincreased.TheselectivityofC2hydrocarbonswas94.6%whentheloadingofC6MIMBF4was40%,andthepercentageofC2H4inC2hydrocarbonswasashighas64%whenusingPd-IL/γ-Al2O3asacatalystwithnoconventionalthermalreductiontreatment.Opticalemissionspectra（OES）fromthecoldplasmareactorduringmethaneconversionwerealsostudied.TheresultsindicatedthattheintensityoftheC2,CH,H,andCactivespeciesfrommethaneandhydrogendecompositionincreasedwhenIL/γ-Al2O3orPd-IL/γ-Al2O3wasintroducedintotheplasmasystem.BasedontheanalysesofthegasproductandOESspectra,itcanbeconcludedthatthesurfacecatalyzedreactionsbetweenplasmaandionicliquidwereveryimportantforthereductionofPd2+andtheformationofC2H4.