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简介：新frontogenesis功能根据结果的变丑的绝对水平坡度的本地变化率被开发并且分析。与传统的frontogenesis功能不同，最新定义的变丑frontogenesis从动力学而非热力学的观点被导出。因此，因为温度和潮湿的isolines的压缩能被一个流动领域的变化直接导致，它为frontogenesis的学习是更直觉的。这新frontogenesis功能为因为mei-yu雨线典型地比温度坡度由一个强壮得多的潮湿坡度组成，在中国学习mei-yu前面是特别地有用的，并且包含大变丑流动。真实mei-yu的分析正面的降雨事件显示变丑frontogenesis功能显著地工作很好，基于潜在的温度坡度的一项措施比传统的frontogenesis功能生产更清楚的mei-yu前面。更重要地，变丑frontogenesis表演关上关联与随后(6h以后)降水模式和封面雨线为预后或甚至未来降水的预言的好、适用的意义。

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简介：Pinusdensifloravar。zhangwuensis变得快，并且它的干旱和咸度抵抗比Pinussylvestrisvar好。mongolica。我们比较了在二种之间的冷强壮的冷强壮和机制，到为支持并且适用P提供一个理论基础。densifloravar。在冷区域的zhangwuensis。一个冷压力实验在P的3岁的小植物上被执行。densifloravar。zhangwuensis和P。sylvestrisvar。在在五温度政体变硬以后的mongolica，5，10，20，40，并且60?瑩??欠灡慰愠??杭洿????猯灵￣桳睯摥愠猠浩汩牡椠据敲獡?湩栠楥桧?畢?楤灳慬敹??楨桧牥椠据敲獡摥椠?潴慴?档潬潲桰汹?愠瑣癩瑩敩?景爠'T獩潣???湡??呓?湡?敬敶?景??愠摮?????猯'T￣桴湡琠潨敳琠敲瑡摥眠瑩??欠灡慰愠??杭洿????猯灵？

简介：ThecirculationofYellowSeaColdWaterMass(YSCWM)intheSouthernYellowSeaisinvestigatedusingadiagnostic2DMITgcmmodel.Theresolutionofthecomputationalgridis900minthehorizontaland2mintheverticalwhereaninitialtemperaturedistributioncorrespondingtoatypicalmeasuredYellowSeaColdWaterMasswasapplied.TheexistenceofYSCWMthatcausesfluiddensitydifference,isshowntoproducecounter-rotatingcyclonichorizontaleddiesinthesurfacelayer:theinneroneisanti-cyclonic(clockwise)andrelativelyweaker(8–10cms-1)whiletheouteroneiscyclonic(anti-clockwise)andmuchstronger(15–20cms-1).ThisresultisconsistentwiththesurfacepatternobservedbyPangetal.(2004),whohasshownthatamesoscaleanti-cycloniceddy(clockwise)existsintheupperlayerofcentralsouthernYellowSea,andabasin-scalecyclonic(anticlockwise)gyreliesoutsideoftheanti-cycloniceddy,basedonthetrajectoriesanddriftingvelocitiesof23drifters.Belowthethermocline,thereisananti-cyclonic(clockwise)circulation.ThiscomplexcurrenteddysystemisconsideredtobecapableoftrappingsuspendedsedimentsanddepositingthemnearthefrontbetweenYSCWMandthecoastalwatersofftheSubeicoast,providinganexplanationonthesedimentdepthandsizedistributionofmudpatchesintheSouthernYellowSea.Moreover,sensitivetestscenariosindicatethatvariationsofbottomfrictiondonotsubstantiallychangethemainfeaturesofthecirculationstructure,butwillreducethebottomcurrentvelocity,increasethesurfacecurrentvelocityandweakentheupwellingaroundthefrontalarea.

简介：轧了射出二极管(LEDs)，薄AlInN层在堵住层(EBL)的电子前面插入了的基于的蓝光试验性地被学习。插入薄EBL能改进轻产量力量并且减少效率，这被发现与常规AlGaN对应物相比低垂。基于数字模拟和分析，当薄AlInN层被使用时，电、光的特征上的改进主要被归因于电子漏电流的减小，它在量井(QW)增加搬运人的集中。

简介：Thecoldflowcharacteristicsareinvestigatedtoshowtheeffectofthestructuralparametersoftheflowguidevaneonthetrappedvortexcombustor(TVC).TheresultsshowthatthestructuralparametershavesignificanteffectsontheTVC.Asa/Hincreases,thetotalpressureloss,thewallshearstressatthebottomofthecavityandtheturbulentintensityinthemaincombustionzoneincrease.b/Bdoesnothaveasignificanteffectonthecavityflowstructureandthetotalpressureloss,andthewallshearstressatthebottomofthecavityincreasesasb/Bincreases.Thereisnosignificantincreaseoftheturbulentintensitywiththeincreaseofb/B.Theincreaseofc/Lhaslittleeffectonthetotalpressureloss,anditisnotconducivetoastablecombustion.Asc/Lincreases,thewallshearstressatthebottomofthecavitydecreases.Whena/H=0.4,b/B=0.4,c/L=0.1,adesirabledual-vortexstructureisformedwithanacceptablepressurelosstoachieveastablecombustion.Moreover,toascertainthattheflameisstablefordifferentvaluesofVmawiththeoptimalstructuralparameters,theeffectofVmaontheflowfieldisdiscussed.Resultssuggestthatthedual-vortexstructurehasnorelationshipwiththeincreaseofVma.Furthermore,anunsteadysimulationisconductedtoshowthegenerationandthedevelopmentofthedual-vortex.

简介：Basedonintensiveautomaticweatherstationdata,satellitecloudimagery,NCEPreanalyzeddata,andthesimulationresultsfrommesoscalenumericalmodels,thisstudyanalyzesthecharacteristicsandformationmechanismsofthemesoscaleconvectionsystem(MCS)duringtheextremeprecipitationeventthatwastriggeredbyaweakenedlow-pressureinvertedtroughofTyphoonHaikuionAugust10/2012.Theresultsofthisstudyshowthatcoldairattherearofanortheasterncoldvortexcreatesthermodynamicconditionsfavorabletothedevelopmentofextremeprecipitation.Themainbodyofthecoldairisnorthwardlocatedsothatthecoldairinvadesonlythemiddlelayeroftheperipheryoftheinvertedtrough.Thus,thecoldairminimallyaffectsthelowerlayer,whichresultsinaverticallydistributedstructureofthetemperatureadvectionthataugmentstheformationanddevelopmentofconvectiveinstabilitystratification.Inthemiddletroposphere,thecoldairencounterstheconvergent,ascending,warmmoistairfromthelow-pressureinvertedtrough,leadingtofrontogenesis.Thefrontogenesisenhanceswindconvergencewhich,inturn,furtherenhancesthefrontogenesis,andthepositivefeedbackbetweenthesetwoforcesaugmentsthedevelopmentofmeso-andsmall-scaleconvectionsystemsintherainstormregionanditsvicinity,whichstrengthenstheupwardtransportationofwatervaporfromlowlayersandthickeningofwatervaporconvergenceandresultsinlocalheavyrains.

简介：Ultra-lowcarbon(ULC),cold-rolledsheetsteelsforporcelainenamelingcontainingalloysoftitaniumandboronarestudied.Themicrostructure,mechanicalproperties,inclusions,andprecipitatesofthesheetsteelsareanalyzed.Thehydrogenpermeationtimeofthesheetsteelsas-annealedandafterskin-passedorcold-rolledatdifferentreductionsaremeasured.Itisshownthatthesheetsteelspossessdifferentfeaturesofenamelingpropertiesinhydrogenpermeability,fishscaleresistance,andpinholeresistance.

简介：BasedonGlobalOceanDataAssimilationSystem(GODAS)andNCEPreanalysisdata,atmosphericandoceanicprocessespossiblyresponsiblefortheonsetofthe2011/12LaNiaevent,whichfollowedthe2010/11LaNiaeven—referredtoasa'doubledip'LaNia—areinvestigated.Thekeymechanismsinvolvedinactivatingthe2011/12LaNiaareillustratedbythesedatasets.ResultsshowthatneutralconditionswerealreadyevidentintheequatorialeasternPacificduringthedecayingphaseofthe2010/11LaNia.However,isothermalanalysesshowobviouslycoldwaterstillpersistingatthesurfaceandatsubsurfacedepthsinoff-equatorialregionsthroughoutearly2011,beingmostpronouncedinthetropicalSouthPacific.ThenegativeSSTanomaliesinthetropicalSouthPacificactedtostrengthenasouthernwindacrosstheequator.ThesubsurfacecoldwaterinthetropicalSouthPacificthenspreadnorthwardandbrokeintotheequatorialregionatthethermoclinedepth.Thisincursionprocessofoff-equatorialsubsurfacecoldwatersuccessfullyinterruptedtheeasternpropagationofwarmwateralongtheequator,whichhadpreviouslyaccumulatedatsubsurfacedepthsinthewarmpoolduringthe2010/11LaNiaevent.Furthermore,theincursionprocessstrengthenedasaresultoftheoff-equatorialeffects,mostlyinthetropicalSouthPacific.ThenegativeSSTanomaliesthenreappearedinthecentralbasininsummer2011,andactedtotriggerlocalcoupledair–seainteractionstoproduceatmospheric–oceanicanomaliesthatdevelopedandevolvedwiththesecondcoolinginthefallof2011.

简介：Self-emissionx-rayshadowgraphyprovidesamethodtomeasuretheablation-fronttrajectoryandlow-modenonuniformityofatargetimplodedbydirectlyilluminatingafusioncapsulewithlaserbeams.Thetechniqueusestime-resolvedimagesofsoftx-rays(>1keV)emittedfromthecoronalplasmaofthetargetimagedontoanx-rayframingcameratodeterminethepositionoftheablationfront.Methodsusedtoaccuratelymeasuretheablation-frontradius(δR=±1.15μm),image-to-imagetiming(δ(t)=±2.5ps)andabsolutetiming(δt=±10ps)arepresented.Angularaveragingoftheimagesprovidesanaverageradiusmeasurementofδ(Rav)=±0.15μmandanerrorinvelocityofδV/V=±3%.ThistechniquewasappliedontheOmegaLaserFacility[Boehlyetal.,Opt.Commun.133,495(1997)]andtheNationalIgnitionFacility[CampbellandHogan,PlasmaPhys.Control.Fusion41,B39(1999)].