简介:Whetherthegenerationaffectedbythefamilyplanningwillbenefitdirectlyisthekeytotestwhetherthepolicyimplicationsarethesametocollectiveandindividual.Thereareresearchesonthefamilyplanning'sconsequencesareusuallyinthemacro-level.Inordertodiscoveryhowfamilyplanningdirectlyaffectstheindividual,thispaperusemicrodatafromChinaFamilyPanelStudies(CFPS)2010totesttheimpactoffamilyplanningonchildren'spersonalincome.Theresultsshowsthat'quantity-qualitytradeoff'hypothesisholdsonhumancapitallevelsinChina,andtheimplementationoffamilyplanningpolicyeffectivelyincreaseschildren'seducationlevel,butthesocialcapitaleffectofsiblingsisalsoreducedbythefamilyplanningpolicy.Consideringthetwokindsofeffects,thefamilyplanningpolicyhasnotsignificantlyaffectchildren'spersonalincome.
简介:Cardiologistswhoseepatientsonageneralcardiologyservicearebeginningtoseeanincreasingnumberofpatientswhohavereceivedaprimarypreventionimplantablecardiacdefibrillator(ICD)buthaveneverhaditfire.ThereareadditionallyanumberofpatientswhohaveinappropriatefiringofICDs.Inappropriateshocksoccurinupto40%ofpatientswithanICD.Themaincauseissupraventriculartachyarrhythmia,includingsinustachycardia,atrialfibrillation,andotherrapidsupraventriculararrhythmias.
简介:Background:Apreviousstudyhasreporteda50%reductionindisuseatrophyofthequadricepsduringthefirst14daysafteranteriorcruciateligament(ACL)reconstruction.Afollow-uptrialisneededtoconfirmthesepromisingresults.ThepresentstudyaimstoinvestigatetheeffectofanocclusionstimulusonquadricepsatrophyafterACLreconstruction.Methods:Atotalof24subjectsparticipatedinthestudy.Theywererandomizedintotwogroups.Startingthe2nddayaftersurgery,theocclusiongroupreceivedanocclusionstimulusfor5min,followedbyremovaloftheocclusivepressurefor3min.Thiswasrepeatedfivetimesinonetrainingsession,twicedaily.Duringtheperiodofocclusivestimulus,thesubjectsperformed20lowloadexercisesforthequadriceps.Thecontrolgroupfollowedthesameexerciseprotocol,butwithouttheocclusionstimulus.Changesinquadricepsanatomicalcrosssectionarea(ACSA)weremeasuredusingaxialmagneticresonance(MR)imagesat40%and50%ofthelengthofthefemur.Results:BothgroupshadasignificantreductionofquadricepsACSAfrom2daysbeforesurgeryto16daysaftersurgery.Duringtheinterventionperiod,theocclusiongrouplost13.8%±1.1%(mean±SEM)andthecontrolgrouplost13.1%±1.0%oftheirquadricepsACSA,respectively.Therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweentheocclusionandcontrolgroupswithregardstoatrophyofthequadricepsmuscles.Conclusion:Inconflictwithotherstudiesusingasimilarprotocol,applicationofbloodflowrestrictionthefirst14daysafterACLreconstructiondidnotreducequadricepsACSAmuscleatrophymeasuredbyMRinapopulationofathletes.
简介:WeinvestigateinthispapertheinfluenceofslowlightonthebalancebetweentheKerrandtwo-photonabsorption(TPA)processesinsiliconslottedhybridnonlinearwaveguides.Threetypicalsiliconphotonicwaveguidegeometriesarestudiedtoestimatetheinfluenceofthelightslow-downfactoronthemodefieldoverlapwiththesiliconregion,aswellasonthecomplexeffectivenonlinearsusceptibility.Itisfoundthatslottedphotoniccrystalmodestendtofocalizeintheirhollowcorewithincreasinggroupindex(n_G)values.Consideringahybridintegrationofnonlinearpolymersinsuchslottedwaveguides,arelativedecreaseoftheTPAprocessbymorefactorof2ispredictedfromn_G=10ton_G=50.Asawhole,thisworkshowsthattherelativeinfluenceofTPAdecreasesforslottedwaveguidesoperatingintheslowlightregime,makingthemasuitableplatformforthird-ordernonlinearoptics.