简介：ThispresentationreviewedmostarticlesrecentlypublishedinpeerreviewedinternationalscientificjournalsrelatedtodetectiondopingwithrhGH.Fourpartswereinit:Firstpartwasthebriefintroductionaboutthebackgroundofdoping,specialdopingwithrhGH.Secondpartsummarizedthedevelopmentof'indirectmethod',markersapproach.Thirdwasfocusedonthedevelopmentof'directmethod',isoformapproach.Finally,somepotentialalternativeshavebeendiscussed.

简介：Dopantsanddefectsareimportantinsemiconductorandmagneticdevices.Strategiesforcontrollingdopinganddefectshavebeenthefocusofsemiconductorphysicsresearchduringthepastdecadesandremaincriticaleventoday.Co-dopingisapromisingstrategythatcanbeusedforeffectivelytuningthedopantpopulations,electronicproperties,andmagneticproperties.Itcanenhancethesolubilityofdopantsandimprovethestabilityofdesireddefects.Duringthepast20years,significantexperimentalandtheoreticaleffortshavebeendevotedtostudyingthecharacteristicsofco-doping.Inthisarticle,wefirstreviewthehistoricaldevelopmentofco-doping.Then,wereviewavarietyofresearchperformedonco-doping,basedonthecompensatingnatureofco-dopants.Finally,wereviewtheeffectsofcontaminationandsurfactantsthatcanexplainthegeneralmechanismsofco-doping.

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简介：克服做特别在宽乐队差距半导体，在半导体的瓶颈是在半导体物理的挑战许多年了。在这份报纸，我们在提高由表面活化剂和紧张做考察一些最近的进步。我们证明那表面活化剂和紧张是二条有效途径在取向附生的生长提高掺杂物溶解度。表面活化剂能在乐队差距内深介绍精力水平，使主人混合物不太稳定，因此降低故意的掺杂物的形成精力。紧张提高了做基于掺杂物导致的观察在主人的体积变化。如果当掺杂物导致了体积变化，外部紧张在一样的方向，掺杂物的形成精力被减少。这效果能被用来调节做地点，因此做类型，在一位主人。两个都包括紧张和表面活化剂的一个混合方法被建议，它能是一个有希望的一般方法进一步提高做。

简介：Polyparaphenylene(PPP)ispreparedbyAlCl3-CuCl2catalystswithbenzeneasthemonomerandisdopedbychemicalmethodandN^+ionimplantation.Theinfluencesoftheconcentration,temperatureandtimeofchemicaldopingandthedose,energyandtemperatureofionimplantation,onPPPconductivityareinvestigated.TheresultsshowedthattheconductivityofPPPcanbeimproved4-5ordersofmagnitudebyionimplantationandtheconductivityofPPPcanreachabout0.11S·cm^-1bychemicaldoping.Thecomparisonofstabilityofthematerialconductivebehaviorbyusingthetwodopingmethodsispresented.Itshowsthationimplantationisbetterthanchemicaldopinginstabilizingtheelectricconductivebehaviorforthematerial.

简介：Non-stoichiometriccompoundfluoride-dopedLiFePO4/Ccathodematerialsweresynthesizedviasolid-statereactionusingMgF2andAlF3asdopant.Thefluoride-dopedLiFePO4/CsampleswerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),andelectrochemicaltesting.TheresultsshowthatthematerialsarewellcrystallizedandfluoridedopingcannotchangethespacestructureofLiFePO4.SlightamountsofFe2O3withnofluorideimpuritywere...

简介：Thispaperreportsthedopingeffectofcholestericliquidcrystal3β-Hydroxy-5-cholestene3-oleateonpolymersolarcellscomposedofthepoly3-hexylthiopheneandthefullerenederivative.Withadopingratioof0.3wt%,thedeviceachievesanidealimprovementontheshuntresistorandthefillfactor.Comparedwiththereferencecell,thepowerconversionefficiencyofthedopedcellisimproved24%.Thephotoelectricmeasurementandtheactivelayercharacterizationindicatethattheself-assemblyliquidcrystalcanimprovethefilmcrystallizationandreducethemembranedefect.

简介：Performanceenhancementisconsideredanessentialpartofsport.1However,intheworldofcompetitiveandhigh-performancesports,thereisincreasingevidenceofahighprevalenceofperformance-enhancingdrugabuse.2-4Theuseofdrugsthatis,bannedsubstances-hasbecomeaseriousproblemwithsignificantsocial,ethical,policy,andpersonalconsequences,5-7andconsequentlycompromisestheintegrityofsportsandsportsmanshipatalllevelsofcompetition,aswellasthehealthandwell-beingofindividualathletesandpublichealthingeneral.

简介：Ni0.3Cu0.07Zn0.63Fe2xLaxO4铁酸盐被稳固的阶段方法和sintered在1,150点准备?t接口。紫外分光光度计(UVS)被采用获得HfO2的乐队差距价值。在3d和Hf4f，核心级的系列和原子价系列被采用获得HfO2/InP的原子价乐队偏移量。试验性的结果出现(5.88??T

简介：Moleculardynamics(MD)simulationswereperformedtostretchtherectangulargraphenesheetsdopedwithsilicon,nitrogenorboronatoms.Young’smodulus,ultimatestress(strain)andenergyabsorptionweremeasuredforthegraphenesheetswiththedopingconcentration(DC)rangingfrom0to5%.Theemphasiswasplacedonthedistincteffectsofeachindividualdopantonthefundamentalmechanicalpropertiesofgraphene.TheresultsindicatedthatincorporatingthedopantsintographeneledtoanalmostlineardecreaseinYoung’smodulus.Monotonicreductionsinultimatestrength,ultimatestrainandenergyabsorptionwerealsoobserved.Suchdopingeffectswerefoundtobemostsignificantforsilicon,lesspronouncedforboron,andsmallornegligiblefornitrogen.Theoutputsprovideanimportantguidanceforthedevelopmentandoptimizationofnovelnanoscaledevices,andfacilitatethedevelopmentofgraphene-basedM/NEMS.

简介：Cr-dopedZnOthinfilmsarepreparedonglasssubstratesbythemagnetronsputteringtechnique.AnX-raydiffraction(XRD)isusedtoanalyzethestructuralpropertiesofthethinfilms.Itindicatesthatallthethinfilmshaveapreferentialc-axisorientation.Thepeakpositionofthe(002)planeshiftstothehigher2θvalue,andthepeakintensitydecreaseswiththeincreaseofCrdoping.Theresultsofthescanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)showthatthesurfacemorphologybecomesloosewiththeincreaseofCrdoping.Besides,itisfoundfromthephotoluminescence(PL)measurementatroomtemperaturethattheultravioletemissionpeakandgreenemissionbandarelocatedat375nmand520nm,respectively,andbothintensitiesofthemdecreasewiththeincreaseoftheCrdopingconcentration,whilethebandgapoftheultravioletemissionshiftstothelowerwavelength.TheexperimentalresultsconfirmthattheoptimalCrdopingconcentrationis2at.%.

简介：Thetheoreticalexpressionoftherelationshipbetweenoptimumdopingcontentandcrystalstructureispresentedaswellasthepreparationmethods.Byusingthisexpression,theoptimumdopingcontentofsilicon-dopedboroncarbidethinfilmiscalculated.Thequantitativecalculationvalueisconsistentwiththeexperimentalresults.Thistheoreticalexpressionisalsoappropriatetoresolvetheoptimumdopingcontentforotherelectricmaterials.

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简介：拥有做位置的不同Ce的Pd和PdPt催化剂的物理化学的性质被TEM，XRD，N2吸附解吸附作用，XPS和英尺红外的技术调查。为甲醇总数氧化的催化表演被检验学习增加位置的Ce的效果。CeO2艾尔2O3Ce直接被介绍进支持的TiO2(猫)催化剂比CeO2/Al22选择>O3Ce被受精在装载的TiO2(Ce/AT)样品方法。描述结果表明做位置的Ce不引起基本水晶的阶段的明显的另一和支持的mesoporous结构。然而，做位置的Ce影响支持的毛孔形状然后影响毛孔直径。猫催化剂拥有更丰富的吸附的氧和更多Ti3+能在催化剂表面上把更气体的氧转变成活跃的氧种类，它对反应有益。在猫的AlOTi桥便于艾尔和Ti种类的合作，它进一步加快反应率。

简介：用第一原则的乐队结构，方法和特殊quasirandom结构(平方)来临，我们系统地计算了弯系数和SnxZn1xTe合金的自然乐队偏移量的合金。我们证明鞠躬的系数和这些合金的乐队差距是易感知地作文依赖者。由于完整的重叠和Sn最外面的p轨道和Zns的delocalization转的波浪功能，在这些状态之间联合是很强壮的，导致有Sn集中x的增加的传导乐队边的重要换至较低排挡，当原子价乐队边与二进制ZnTe的相比保持几乎未改变时，因此改进可能性为双极性做。

简介：Theprogramprocessofthelongitudinalimpurityprofileintroducedinthequantumwell(QW)laserandmicrowaveelectronicmaterialsinanalysed,basedonthegrowthsystembymetalorganicchemicalvapordeposition(MOCVD)andmicrowaveelectronicmaterialsandchloridevaporphaseepitaxy(VPE).Thequantitativesolutionofthefinallongitudinaldirectionimpuritydistributionusingthemathematicalphysicsmodelofimpuritycarrier-gastransportdriftandrediffusioningrowthprocesswascarriedout.Atechnologyforgivingareferencetogrownimputityprofileofabruptdopinganduniformlongitudinaldirectionbasedonthetheoryispresented.

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简介：CeZr，CeYZr，LaCeZr，LaCePrZr，LaCePrYZr，和LaCePr稳固的答案经由一起沉淀方法被准备，并且借助于X光检查衍射(XRD)和Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(赌注)技术描绘了。稳固的答案的氧存储能力(振荡)被脉搏技术评估，催化活动用一台4隧道催化作用设备被估计。稳固的答案介绍了立方的结构，这被看见。特定的表面区域和热稳定性能被做Y进稳固的答案提高。当做大量La减少了时，做La的小数量在热耐久性上有积极效果特定的表面区域和热稳定性。LaCePrZr和LaCePrYZr固体解决方案用在Nd抽取在特定的表面区域和热稳定性介绍了某个更高的值以后，与LaCePr充实的Baotou稀土元素矿物质残余综合了，当为汽车的经济催化剂用尽纯化，从而启用被过去常。ceria氧化锆固体答案的表面上的涂层Al2O3或SiO2层增加了特定的表面区域和热抵抗。