简介:Basedontheformerresearchworkoftheauthors,theresistanceofdifferentsolidparticlesuspensionflowinaverticalpipeisanalysed,andinvestigatedexperimentally.Theapplicableformulasofpressuredroparepresented.Twotypesofpar-ticles,talcumpowderandglassbeads,areconvcyedinthetestwhichhasbeencarriedoutatvariousairvclocitiesof10to28m/sandattheratioofsolids-airmassflowraterangedfrom0to2.Theexperimentalresultsshowagoodagreementwiththecalculatedones.
简介:Anoveldesignofatwo-channelopticaladd–dropmultiplexerbasedonaself-rolled-upmicrotube(SRM)ispresented.ThisdesignconsistsofanSRMthathasaparaboliclobe-likepatternalongthetube'saxialdirection,aswellasstraightsiliconwaveguidesanda180°waveguidebend.TheverticalconfigurationoftheSRMandwaveguidesisanalyzedbythecoupledmodetheoryforachievingtheoptimumgap.Inthecriticalcouplingregime,whenthedeviceservesasanopticaldemultiplexer,theminimuminsertionlossis1.94dB,andthemaximumchannelcrosstalkis-6.036dB.Also,asanopticalmultiplexer,themaximumcrosstalkbecomes-11.9dB.
简介:AlittledropofwateraskedtheGodfortherealappearanceontheearth.TheGodsaid:“Mydearchild,justgoaheadandsee.Youwillfindtheanswerinyourjourney.”Inacuriousmood,thelittledropbeganhistrip.Nosoonerhadhecondensedintheskythanhesawthespotlesssky.Itwasalovelymorning,andafewfleecywhitecloudswereslowlyfloatinginthesky,Thelovelywhiteandsoftcloudsinvariousshapesattractedthedrop.
简介:Withthedevelopmentofhigh-resolutionandmulti-scaleunifiednumericalmodel,someoftechniquesaboutnon-hydrostaticmeso-scalenumericalweatherpredictionareaddressed.Theimpactoftheverticalcoordinatesystemisoneofthem.Inthispaper,basedonaWRF(WeatherResearchandForecast)model,theimpactonthecalculationofverticalvelocitywasstudiedwithdifferentverticalcoordinates.Thesimulationresultsshowedthatthecalculationofverticalvelocityissensitivetoverticalcoordinates.Itisespeciallymoreevidentwhentheresolutionincreased.Duetothecloserelationshipsbetweenverticalvelocityandprecipitation,thedifferenceofverticalvelocityinevitablyinfluencesmodel'sdescriptionofprecipitation.Anidealexperimentexhibitsthatpressuregradientforcecomputationsinthepressureterrain-followingcoordinatearesensitivetosurfacepressure.
简介:Densitystratifiedflowwithboththeverticaltemperaturegradientandtheverti-calsalinitygradientissimulatednumerically,inwhichturbulenttermsarecalculatedbyasim-plifiedturbulencestress/fluxalgebraicmodel.Thefeatureofstratificationandturbulenceisde-scribedcorrectlybythemodel.Thecomputationalresultsagreewellwiththeexperimentaldata.However,thek-eturbulencemodelisnotsosuccessful.
简介:Thepresentworkprovidesanovelmethodforcalculatingverticalvelocitybasedoncontinuityequationsinapressurecoordinatesystem.Themethodovercomesthedisadvantageofaccumulationofcalculatingerrorsofhorizontaldivergenceincurrentkinematicsmethodsduringtheintegrationforcalculatingverticalvelocity,andconsequentlyavoidsitssubsequentcorrection.Inaddition,throughmodificationsofthecontinuityequations,itshowsthatthevorticityoftheverticalshearvector(VVSV)isproportionalto-ω,theverticalvelocityinpcoordinates.Furthermore,ifthechangeofωinthehorizontaldirectionisneglected,thevorticityofthehorizontalvorticityvectorisproportionalto-ω.Whenωisunderafluctuatingstateintheverticaldirection,theupdraftoccurswhenthevectorofhorizontalvorticityrotatescounterclockwise;thedowndraftoccurswhenrotatingclockwise.ThevalidationresultindicatesthatthepresentmethodisgenerallybetterthantheverticalvelocitycalculatedbytheωequationusingthewetQ-vectordivergenceasaforcingterm,andtheverticalvelocitycalculatedbyutilizingthekinematicsmethodisfollowedbytheO’Brienmethodforcorrection.Theplus-minussignoftheverticalvelocityobtainedwiththismethodisnotcorrelatedwiththeintensityofdBZ,buttheabsoluteerrorincreaseswhendBZis>=40.Thismethoddemonstratesthatitisagoodreflectionofthedirectionoftheverticalvelocity.
简介:NetcapitalflowstodevelopingcountriesfelltoUS$780billionin2008,reversinganupwardtrendthatbeganin2003andpeakedatUS$1,222billionin2007,accordingtoanewreportfromtheWorldBank.Particularlyhardhitwereprivatecapitalflows,whichfellbyalmost40%.Alldevelopingregionswereaffected,withemerging
简介:Inthispaper,theprincipleofmirrorimageisusedtotransformtheproblemofwavediffractionfromacircularcylinderinfrontoforthogonalverticalwallsintotheproblemofdiffractionoffoursymmetricincidentwavesfromfoursymmetricallyarrangedcircularcylinders,andthentheeigenfunctionexpansionofvelocitypotentialandGrafsadditiontheoremareusedtogivetheanalyticalsolutiontothewavediffractionproblem.Therelationofthetotalwaveforceoncylindertothedistancebetweenthecylinderandorthogonalverticalwallsandtheincidenceangleofwaveisalsostudiedbynumericalcomputation.
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简介:Regularandirregularwaveforcesactingonverticalwallsarestudiedbyapreviouslydevelopednumericalmodel.Thecomputedwaveforcesarecomparedwiththeavailableexperimentaldatatoverifythenumericalmodel,andsatisfactoryagreementsareobtained.Thevariationofwaveforceswithincidentanglesandtheshapeofsimultaneouspressuredistributionareinvestigated,andthecomparisonsbetweennumericalresultsandGoda'spredictionsarealsocarriedout.Itisconcludedthatthemaximumwaveforcesactingontheunitlengthofverticalwallisofteninducedbytheobliquelyincidentwavesinsteadofnormallyincidentwaves,whileGoda'sformulamaybeinapplicableforobliquewaveincidence.Theshapeofsimultaneouspressuredistributionisnotsignificantlyinfluencedbyincidentangles,anditcanbefavorablypredictedbyGoda'sformula.WhenregularwaveheightsaretakenasthesameasirregularwaveheightH1%,theirregularwaveforcesPh,1%areslightlylargerthanregularwaveforcesinmostcases.