简介:ROOTversion3(spring2001)supportsautomaticclassschemaevolution.Inadditionthisversionalsoproducesfilesthatareself-describing.Thisisachievedbystoringineachfilearecordwiththedescriptionofallthepersistentclassesinthefile.Beingself-describingguaranteesthatafilecanalwaysbereadlater,itsstructurebrowsedandobjectsinspected.alsowhenthelibrarywiththecompiledcodeoftheseclassesismissingTheschemaevolutionmechanismsupportsthefrequentcasewhenmultipledatasetsgeneratedwithmanydifferentclassversionsmustbeanalyzedinthesamesession.ROOTsupportstheautomaticgenerationofC++codedescribingthedataobjectsinafile.
简介:1IntroductionLetA∈Cn×n,B∈Cn×n.WesayBisasquarerootofAifA=B×Bi.e.A=B2.Itiswell-knownthatanysymmetricpositivedefinitematrixexistsoneandonlyonesquarerootwhichisasymmetricpositivedefinitematrix,too(e.g.see[5]).Higham[4]studiedcarefullytherelationofarealnonsingularmatrixbetweenitsrealsquarerootsanditseigenvalues.AlefeldandSchneider[1]pointedoutthatforanynonsingularM-ma-trixthereisoneandonlyoneM-matrixasitssquareroot.Inthispaper,westudyona
简介:Toevaluatetheeffectofvegetativefilterstripsonsedimenttrapping,thespatialdistributionofdepositedsediment,andthesizedistributionofdepositedparticlesfromhyperconcentratedflows,asimulatedgrassfilterstripexperimentwasconductedwithplasticgrassusinganadjustableslopesteelflume.Thesimulatedvegetationcoverwas36%,andtheinflowsedimentconcentrationsappliedwere147,238,320,and429kgm~(-3).Thesedimentconcentrationintheoutflow,andthesedimentparticlesizeweredetermined.Theresultsshowedthatthegrassfilterstripstrappedmostofthesedimentfrominflowatlowsedimentconcentration.Thedepositionefficiencydecreasedwithincreasingsedimentconcentration,being55.2%and15.7%inthe147and429kgm~(-3)sedimenttreatments,respectively.Mostofthedepositedsedimentsweredistributedintheupperflume.Inaddition,thegrassfilterstripsmainlytrappedthecoarsesediment(particlesize>10μm).
简介:植被盖子在土壤在水流动上有主要效果。二个地点,由大约50m的距离分开了,被选择确定hydrophysical参数和在出现在一个大雨追随者期间的沙的土壤的水流动的异质上的草盖子的影响一个长热的、干燥时期。有植被或有机物的有限影响的控制土壤(纯沙)被采样在一个森林中的空地区域下面在50厘米深度获得,并且草地土壤在10厘米被盖住由草的厚腐殖的层和colonised。水抵抗性的坚持用微型磁盘infiltrometer用水落下穿入时间测试,sorptivity和不饱和的水力的电导率被测量,并且浸透用双戒指infiltrometer的水力的电导率。染料tracer实验被用来估计水流动,和两个的异质为估计有效的生气的节的修改方法和为估计优先的流动的度的一个原来的方法被用来确定从染的土壤的图象的这异质介绍。大多数hydrophysical参数在二表面之间是实质地不同的。草地土壤有水抵抗性的一个索引大约10次纯沙和水抵抗性的坚持的乘纯沙的的几乎350。分别地,在草地土壤的水和乙醇sorptivities纯沙的那些是7%和43%。在草地土壤的水力的电导率和浸透的水力的传导性分别地是纯沙的5%那些和16%。染料tracer实验与“air-draining”揭示了稳定的流动在纯沙的状况和在草地土壤的开发得好的优先的流动,相应于单个草丛、小微消沉。草地土壤是实质地,更多流水讨厌、有3与纯沙相比预定优先的流动的度。这研究的结果增强我们在气候的任何变化的后果,将最终影响水文学,将在草地和赤裸的土壤之间是显著地不同的看法。
简介:InthispaperthelimitingdistributionoftheleastsquareestimatefortheautoregressivecoefficientofanearlyunitrootmodelwithGARCHerrorsisderived.Sincethelimitingdistributiondependsontheunknownvarianceoftheerrors,anempiricallikelihoodratiostatisticisproposedfromwhichconfidenceintervalscanbeconstructedforthenearlyunitrootmodelwithoutknowingthevariance.Togainanintuitivesensefortheempiricallikelihoodratio,asmallsimulationfortheasymptoticdistributionisgiven.
简介:Togainanenhancedunderstandingofthemechanismbywhichgibberellins(GAs)regulatethegrowthanddevelopmentofplants,itisnecessarytoidentifyproteinsregulatedbyGA.Proteomeanalysistechniqueshavebeenappliedasadirect,effective,andreliabletoolindifferentialproteinexpressions.Inpreviousstudies,sixteenproteinsshoweddifferencesinaccumulationlevelsasaresultoftreatmentwithGA3,uniconazole,orabscisicacid(ABA),and/orthedifferencesbetweentheGA-deficientsemi-dwarfmutant,Tan-ginbozu,andnormalcultivars.Amongtheseproteins,aldolaseincreasedinrootstreatedwithGA3,waspresentatlowlevelsinTan-ginbozuroots,anddecreasedinrootstreatedwithuniconazoleorABA.Inarootelongationassay,thegrowthofaldolase-antisensetransgenicricewashalfofthatofvectorcontroltransgenicrice.TheseresultsindicatethatincreasesinaldolaseactivitystimulatetheglycolyticpathwayandmayplayanimportantroleintheGA-inducedgrowthofroots.Inthisreview,wediscusstherelationshipamongGA,aldolase,androotgrowth.
简介:Thestudyiscarriedoutontheeffectofdrillingnoiseandvibrationongrowthofgrasscarp,MyloparyngodonPiceus,byusingcut-finmarkingmethodinsitu.Comparedwithothermethods,themethodismoreappropriate,foritsoperationissimplerandmoredatamaybeobtainedunderthesamecondition.Theresultsshowthatdrillingnoiseandvibrationhavesignificanteffectonthegrowthofgrasscarp.Criticalequivalentnoiseandvibrationgrade(NleqandVleq)areabout84.4dBand90.2dB,andtheaffectingradiusisabout8.5m.Theeffectofdrillingnoiseandvibrationcouldbeinfluencedbysomefactors,suchasdurationofpollutionandbodyweightofgrasscarp,etc.Grasscarp′sgrowthcouldrapidlyrecoverafterremovingdrillingnoiseandvibration,indicatingthatthedrillingnoiseandvibrationdonotdamagethefishorgansandtheeffectisreversible.Therefore,theeffectmechanismmaybeduetotheactivatingresponseofnon-hearingsystem.
简介:氨基的混合物(交流),即,氨基酸和氨基的糖,是在动物粪肥和土壤的器官的氮(N)的主要形式。为了在长期的家禽垃圾(PL)的效果上增加我们的理解,土壤交流上的申请分享并且周转在这研究,我们在23件PL样品决定了21交流的内容,从020收集的15件土壤样品,2040,并且有PL应用程序的0,5,10,15和20年的五个牧场阴谋的4060厘米层,和5草射击在这些牧场领域上种的样品。交流同时是的21的内容由methanesulfonic酸水解作用/抽取和阴离子决定了搏动层析的amperometry。PL申请在PL与类似于交流的一个分发模式增加了全部的土壤和单个交流内容。最高的AC-N集中用10年或15年的PL应用在土壤被观察,与年度申请的顺序不一致率或累积应用PL数量。PL的申请在大多数交流的最高的增加与来自收到了PL5年的领域的射击的草射击增加了AC内容。这些观察建议两个刚适用,剩余PL有贡献到土壤AC-N,和也加速的那PL应用在土壤的AC-N转变。
简介:在布基纳法索,endosulfan的重要数量被用于棉花地;另外,城市的蔬菜农业被高fertiliser输入经常描述,例如包含重金属的城市的稳固的浪费(例如,Cu和Cd)。因此,包围棉花的关联和城市的蔬菜与vetiver(Vetiveriazizanioides)阴谋篱笆由micropollutants减少环境污染用一个沥滤的实验被调查,与充满布基纳法索的二代表性的农业土壤的室外的溶度计:Vertisol和Lixisol。在6个月以后,小Cu在leachates被发现(<0.010%应用数量)由于它的高吸附,在土壤留下的系数和它的趋势出现。尽管有leachate和溴化物恢复,在土壤是更大的比在赤裸的土壤与vetiver种了草,endosulfan和Cd的更小的数量从赤裸的土壤(0.01%~1.48%应用数量)比在那些从种的土壤(0.01%~0.70%应用数量)在自河被发现,与他们的吸附系数一致。这些结果可以被endosulfan的更大的降级也与赤裸的土壤和Cd的吸收相比在种的土壤解释由vetiver。因此,vetiver可以减少地下水污染的风险特别为Cd和endosulfan,它比Cu更活动。另外,尽管有endosulfan和Cd的更小的数量,在Vertisolleachates测量了(0.01%应用数量和0.04%,分别地)与Lixisolleachates相比,vetiver在减少是更有效的micropollutants沥滤如果在Lixisol上而非在Vertisol上种了。进一步的地监视是必要的在布基纳法索的气候的条件下面表明vetiver的有效性。
简介:Thedepletionrateofphosphateinthesoil-rootinterfacezoneincreasedalongwithgrowthandphosphateuptskeofwheatormaize,whichindicatedthatthephosphatedistributioninsoilneartherootsurfaceagreedwellwiththephosphatemovementinrhizosphereandphosphateuptakebyplant,Therelativeaccumulationzoneofphosphatewithin0.5mmapartfromtherootsurfacedevelopedatthe15thdayorsoaftercultivatingwheatormaizesincetherootphosphatesecretionincreasedgraduallyinthisstage.Thephosphatedistributioninthesoil-rootinterfacezoneagainstthegrowingtime(t)andthedistancefromtherootplane(x)couldbedescribedbythenon-linearregressionequationwiththethirdpowersofxandt.