简介：BackgroundCongenitaltrachealstenosis(CTS)isachallengingairwayproblem.CTSininfantsandchildrencanbelife-threatening.Duringlastthirtyyears,alargenumberofstudiescoveringthediagnosis,clinicalpresentation,managements,especiallysurgicaltreatmentsofCTShavebeenreported.ThisreviewaimedtoconcluderecognizedknowledgeofCTSandprovidecluesformanaginginfantsandchildrenwithCTS.

简介：Theheartistheprincipalorganthatcirculatesblood.Innormalconditionsitproducesfoursoundsforeachcardiaccycle.However,mostoftenonlytwosoundsappearessential:S1andS2.Twoothersounds:S3andS4,withloweramplitudethanS1orS2,appearoccasionallyinthecardiaccyclebytheeffectofdiseaseorage.Thepresenceofabnormalsoundsinonecardiaccycleprovidevaluableinformationonvariousdiseases.Theaorticstenosis(AS),asbeingavalvularpathology,ischaracterizedbyasystolicmurmurduetoanarrowingoftheaorticvalve.Themitralstenosis(MS)ischaracterizedbyadiastolicmurmurduetoareductioninthemitralvalve.Earlyscreeningofthesediseasesisnecessary;it'sdonebyasimpletechniqueknownas:phonocardiography.Analysisofphonocardiogramssignalsusingsignalprocessingtechniquescanprovideforcliniciansusefulinformationconsideredasaplatformforsignificantdecisionsintheirmedicaldiagnosis.Inthisworktwotypesofdiseaseswerestudied:aorticstenosis(AS)andmitralstenosis(MS).Eachonepresentssixdifferentcases.Theapplicationofthediscretewavelettransform(DWT)toanalysepathologicalseverityofthe(ASandMSwaspresented.Then,thecalculationofvariousparameterswasperformedforeachpatient.ThisstudyexaminesthepossibilityofusingtheDWTintheanalysisofpathologicalseverityofASandMS.

简介：Theangiotensin-convertingenzymegeneisacandidategeneofstroke.Thepresentstudyinvolved62healthyvolunteersand148patientswithmiddlecerebralarterystenosisasconfirmedbybraincolorultrasoundfromaHanpopulationinNorthChina,anddeterminedtheperipheralbloodangiotensin-convertingenzymegenotypeusingPCR-restrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphismanalysis.TheresultsshowedthatthefrequenciesoftheDDgenotypeandDallelewereincreasedinpatientswithmiddlecerebralarterystenosis,butthedifferencewasnotstatisticallysignificantcomparedwithhealthycontrols.ThefindingsofthisstudyontherelationshipbetweenstrokegenesandmiddlecerebralarterystenosisindicatenosignificantcorrelationbetweenthefrequenciesoftheDDgenotypeandDalleleofangiotensin-convertingenzymeandmiddlecerebralarterystenosisinthisHanpopulationfromNorthChina.Inthefuture,studieswillbecarriedouttoinvestigatecorrelationsbetweenmultiplestrokecandidategenesynergyandmiddlecerebralarterystenosistoprovideafoundationforthedevelopmentofgenetherapy.