简介:Liquidseparationofmagmaisreferredtoakindofdiffcrentiationofmagmawhichtakesplaceinthecaseofthatmeltsareimmiscibleorlimitedlymiscibleeacliother.Itplaysanimportantroleintheform-ingofbasic,ultrabasicrocksandoredepositsrclatedtotho8ekindsofrocks.Butitisnotsurewhethcritmayoccurintheprocessoftheformingofin
简介:Themechanicalandcorrosionperformanceoflowalloysteeltubulargoodsdependsonthemicrostructureobtainedasaresultofthecombinationofalloyingelementsandmanufacturingprocessparameters.Thebasicdesignphilosophyfortheselectionofthealloyingelementsisruledbythebalancebetweenthesteelcostandthematerialperformance.Followingthisapproachthealloyingsequenceforthemanufacturingoftubularcomponentsinoilcountrytubulargoods(OCTG)applicationisgenerallyMn,C,randMo,usedassubstitutionalelementsinatotaladdedweightconcentrationaround1%upto3%.OtherelementssuchasB,Ti,NbandVareappliedasstrengtheningmicroalloyingelementsformingfineprecipitates.AlackofexperienceisfoundrelatedtotheuseofTungsten(W)onOCTGapplications,althoughWisalsoasubstitutionalelementthatbelongstogroup6oftheperiodictabletogetherwithCrandMo.OntheotherhandWiswidelyaddedforsteelpipesworkinginhightemperatureservicessuchaspowerplantboilers,wherecreepresistanceisneeded.Itisalsoappliedfortoolsteelsenhancingthehardness,wearresistanceandcuttingperformance.TakenintoconsiderationthesimilaritybetweenCr,MoandWandtheapplicationswhereWhasbeenprovenitwasdecidedtoanalyzethefeasibilityofusingWasanalternativealloyingelementforsomeOCTGapplications.AnotherfactorthatdrivesthisstudyisthefactthatWcouldbeacosteffectivesubstituteofMo,dependingonthealloymarketprice.Thispaperisbasedonliteraturereviewandexperimentalactivitydoneonlaboratorysteelsinwhich0.1%Mowasreplacedby0.2%and0.4%W.Thedifferentfindingsinregardswithmanufacturingprocessconsiderations,materialperformanceandthepossibleuseofWalloyedsteelforOCTGapplicationsaresummarized.(1)OpposedtothesusceptibilityshownbylowcarbonwithhighCr-Wcontent,hotcracksarenotexpectedinmediumCsteels(0.2%-0.3%)withWadditionupto1%.(2)Microporosity-relateddefectscouldfo
简介:ThesurfacecompositionandelectronicstructureoftungstencarbidespreparedbydirectsynthesisandcarburizationofwhitetungsticacidwerestudiedwithX-rayphotoelectronspectros-copy.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatWO3andfreecarbonarepresentonthesurfaceofthecarbides.Forthehighsurfaceareatungstencarbidepreparedfromwhitetungsticacidalargeextentofoxygeninsertionintothecrystallatticewasobserved.MeasurementsofthebindingenergiesoftheW47/2,C1sandO1scorelevelsindicatethatchargetransferisfromtheWtotheCandOatoms,formingW5d-C2pandW5d-O2pbonding.ThecatalyticbehaviorofthetungstencarbidesinhydrocarbonconversionreactionsismentionedandcomparedwithPtcatalysts.
简介:EnergyConsumptioninTungstenExtractiveMetallurgyMoriG.AndPaschenP.(DepartrnentofNonferrousMetallurgy,UniversuyofLeoben,Franz-J...
简介:Afterformationsometinoredepositssufferedmoreorlesstransformingbylatergeologicalpro-ccsscs,sothattheyhaveshownthefeaturesofpolymetallo8enicepochs,polymetallogenic8tagcs,polymctal1izations,polygenicmatters,multifactorore-control8andpolmpetallogenictypesetc.andtheyhavetransformedintopo1ygeneticcompound
简介:Puretungsten(PW)andW-1wt%La2O3(WL10)werepreparedbypowdermetallurgicalroutefollowedbytheswaging+rollingprocess.Thelogarithmicstrainsare0,0.37,0.58,and0.98forWL10and0,0.58forPW.Heattreatmentswereperformedattemperaturesvariedfrom1,573to2,173Ktodeterminetherecrystallizationtemperature.Recrystallizationtemperaturesare1,973and2,173KforWL1(logarithmicstrainof0.37)andWL3(logarithmicstrainof0.98),respectively.ButinthecaseofWL2(logarithmicstrainof0.58),fullrecrystallizationisnotachievedattemperatureofabove2,173K.Furthermore,therecrystallizationtemperatureofPWwithlogarithmicstrainof0.58isatleast300KlowerthanthatoftheequivalentWL10sample.Moreover,theincreaseofrecrystallizationtemperatureinhibitsthestrengthdegradationofWL2:sampleslose4%and22%strengthwhenannealedat1,573and1,973Kcomparedwithroomtemperature(RT)sample.Finally,thetextureevolutionfortheswaged+rolledWL10issignificantlyrelatedtothedeformationdegree:thedominatedorientationis<001>forWL2while<110>forWL3.
简介:Throughinterfacialpoly-condensationofR2SnCl2(R=Me,Bu)withvariousdiacids,diphenols(diols),diamines,amino-acids,hydroxyacids,urea,orthiourea,aseriesoforgano-tinpoly-esters,poly-ethers,poly-amines,poly-amine-esters,poly-ureas,poly-thioureaswereprepared,andcharacterisedaltogethertotalling100polymers,amongwhich91arepreviouslyunreported.ThesynthesizedpolymershaveapotentialasathermostabilizerinPVCproducts.
简介:Eightnovelcompoundshavebeensynthesizedandtheyaretwoseriesofmixedtri(butyl/cyclohexyl)tincarboxylates:BunCy3-nSnO2CR(n=1,2;R=n-C3H7,C6H5,4-ClC6H4,4-NO2C6H4).InadditiontothestudiesoftheirstructureswithIR,119Snand13CNMR,wetestedtheirfungicidal,insec-ticidalandacaricidalactivities.Thepercentageofinhibitiontotheaforementionedphytopathogenisabout80—100%at50ppminglasshouseand100%forT.Uriticaeat500ppm.Thosefindingsindicatethatthiskindofcompoundshavebothfungicidalandacaricidalactivitiesandmayhaveagoodprospectforapplications.