简介：在这份报纸，我们在normed空格的orthogonality的现在的各种各样的观点和方面。orthogonality的描述和归纳也被考虑。范围和也实现他们的基本操作员和操作员的核的orthogonality上的结果被给。

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简介：Thisstudydealtwiththeelectrostrictiveresponsesofpolyurethane(PU)actuatorswithdifferentmicrophaseseparationstructure,whichwasapromisingcandidateforamaterialusedinpolymeractuators.InordertoconstructPUswithdifferenthigher-orderstructure,PUswithvarioustypesofpolyolweresynthesized:poly(neopentylglycoladipate)(PNAD),poly(tetramethyleneglycol)(PTMG),andpoly(dimethylsiloxnae)(PDMS).SynthesizedPUwascharacterizedbyFouriertransform-infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopyandgelpermeationchromatography(GPC).ThermalanalysisandmechanicalpropertiesofPUfilmswerecarriedoutwithdifferentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC)andUTM(universaltestingmachine),respectively.AndPUactuatorwasformedinatypeofmonomorph,whichwasmadebycarbonblackelectrodesonthebothsurfacesofPUfilmbyspincoatingmethod.ActuationbehaviorwasmainlyinfluencedonmicrophaseseparationstructureandmechanicalpropertyofPU.Inresult,PUactuatorwithPNAD,polyesterurethane,hadthelargestfield-induceddisplacement.

简介：Theproblemofrecognizingnaturalscenes,suchaswater,smoke,fire,wind-blownvegetationandaflockofflyingbirds,isconsidered.Thesescenesexhibitthecharacteristicdynamicpattern,buthavestochasticextent.Theyarereferredtoasdynamictexture(DT).Inreality,thediversityofDTsondifferentviewpointsandscalesareverycommon,whichalsobringgreatdifficultytorecognizeDTs.Inthepreviousstudies,duetonoconsideringofthedeformableandtransientnatureofelementsinDT,themotionestimationmethodisbasedonbrightnessconstancyassumption,whichseeminappropriateforaggregateandcomplexmotions.Anovelmotionmodelbasedonrelativemotionintheneighborhoodoftwo-dimensionalmotionfieldsisproposed.Theestimationofnon-rigidmotionofDTsisbasedonthecontinuityequation,andthenthelocalvectordifference(LVD)isproposedtocharacterizeDTlocalrelativemotion.SpatiotemporalstatisticsoftheLVDsisusedastherepresentationofDTsequences.ExcellentperformancesofclassifyingallDTsinUCLAdatabasedemonstratethecapabilityoftheproposedmethodindescribingDT.

简介：TheaccumulationandabsorptionkineticsofLabyfish(Oryziaslatipes)frombothwaterandfoodweretestedinfreshwater.TheeffectsofLaconcentrationinwaterandfoodandtheexistenceoffulvicacidontheabsorptionwereinvestigated.ItwasdemonstratedthattheamountofLaaccumulatedinfishincreaseswiththeincreaseinLaconcentrationinwaterandfoodandexposureduration,whichthenormalphysiologicalactivityoffishwasinhibited.Withfulvicinthesystem,theabsorptionratedecreasessignificantlyindicatingthatthefulviccombinedLaisnotavailabletothefishuptake.

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简介：在Gymnemasylvestre的各种各样的机关的gymnemic酸内容被高效液体层析(HPLC)方法调查。结果表演在各种各样的机关的gymnemic酸的内容，显然不同，是54.29，31.66，28.82，27.67，25.39，20.56和1.31mg·g在射击尖端的−1DW，花，节点，叶子，内部节点，根和种子分别地。最高的gymnemic酸内容(54.29mg·g−1DW)在射击尖端被发现，在叶子(27.67mg·g−1DW)的比那高的1.96褶层。gymnemic酸(35.39mg·g−1DW)的最大的数量在年轻叶子被观察，它在旧叶子(23.07mg·g−1DW)比那高1.52倍。gymnemic酸在的内容年轻、中间、旧内部节点分别地，是26.47，25.77和23.94mg·g−1DW而在年轻、中间、旧的节点的gymnemic酸的内容是27.96，都在叶子(27.67mg·g−1DW)比那降低，28.81和29.66mg·g−1DW，分别地比那所有高在叶子。学习为Gymnemasylvestre资源的合理发展和利用提供科学证据，自从在天赋的利用上看台在自然引起了这些植物的弄空。

简介：Manymonographspointoutthatdifferentialencodinganddecodingisnecessaryforef-fectualinformationtransmissionagainstphaseambiguitywhileseldomdiscussthereasonwhyphaseambiguitywillemergeinevitably.Availablealgorithmsarespeciallydesignedforcertainmodulationscheme;thesealgorithmscannotsatisfytherequirementofsoft-definedradio,whichperhapsdemandsauniformalgorithmfordifferentmodulations.Thispaperproposesanewopiniononphaseambiguityfromtheviewofprobability.Thisopinionbelievesthatmodulatingsymbolsequencecanaffect,atoptimumsamplingepoch,themodulatedwaveformasoscillatingcarrierhasdone,andsothestochasticsequenceleadstophaseambiguity.Basedonageneralsignalmodel,thispaperalsoputsforwardanoveluniversalalgorithm,whichissuitablefordifferentsignals,evensomenewones,byconfiguringseveralparameters.

简介：Waveguidingpropertiesofsilicananowiresinvariousenvironmentsarestudiedbysolvingtheeigenvalueequationsofacircularcross-sectionwaveguidenumericallyincylindricalcoordinates.Thesingle-modecondition,propagationconstants,poyntingvectorandpowerdistributioninsideandoutsidesilicananowirearecalculated.Theresultsshowthatsilicananowiresinwater,comparedwithsilicananowiresinair,havehigherfractionoftheevanescentfields.Duetothesensitivitytosurroundingenvironment,silicananowiresareverysuitableforsensingelements,whichcanbeusedtoimplementasingle-modefiberopticevanescentwavesensingelementofhighlysensitiveandaccuratemeasurement.

简介：ThepaperpresentssomepreliminaryresultsofPSSperformancesmeasuredbyusingvariousexcitingsources.Theenergyresolutionof25eVforMnKαandof-15eVforTiKαisobtained.respectively,forvariousexcitingsources,thesatellitestructureofSiKαhasbeenclearlyobserved.ThepeakofCrKβandofMnKαinastainlesssteelsamplehasalsobeenresolvedandthedetectableamountofTihasbeenlessthan10^-9g.ThecomparisonsoftheseresultsattempttofindmoresuitableexcitingsourceforadifferentapplicationofPSSandtodiscussthepossibilityofapplicationcarriedoutbyPSScombinedwithanewμ-X-rayexcitingsource.

简介：Theglobalmeantemperaturesoftheatmosphereandthesurfaceofvariousplanetsofthesolarsystemaredeter-minedbytakingthesystemasinradiativeequilibrium,withtheatmospheretakenastransparenttosolarradiationbutwithanalbedoα,andcomposedofNlayerseachofwhichabsorbsallinfraredradiationthatfallsonit,andatoplayerofpartialabsorptivitya,whilethesurfaceistakenasblack.Itisfoundthat,fortheearth’satmospherewithα=0.33,N=0,a=0.83,itgivesthecurrentobservedmeansurfacetemperatureT_s=15℃andtheeffectivemeanradiativetemper-atureoftheatmosphereT_a=242.6K.Ontheotherhand;theatmosphereofVenusischaracterizedbyα=0.70andN=70,whichyieldsasurfacetemperatureofabout700K.Itisalsofoundthatsurfaceevaporationandabsorptionofsolarradiationbytheatmospheretendtolowerthesur-facetemperature.

简介：Adimpleappearsonafreesurfacewhilerotatingacylindertankfilledwithliquid.Thedimplestartstoconcentricallydeepertoadrainportatthebottomcenterofthetank.Overtime,thedimplepenetratesthedrainport,afreesurfaceformsalongandslenderstringshapeinthetank,andaso-calledvortexing(aircore)phenomenonoccurs.Thegenerationofavortexcoredependsonthesizeofthetankanddrainport,andonthepropertiesoftheliquidinthetank.Inthisstudy,theliquidlevelandthetimeatwhichthevortexcoreisinitiallygeneratedarenumericallyinvestigatedusingdifferentvaluesoftankdiameter,drainportdiameter,andinitialtankrotationalspeeds.Insteadofafullthree-dimensionalanalysis,atwo-dimensionalaxisymmetricsimulationisconducted.Themomentumconservationequationinthecircumferentialdirectionisadditionallysolvedinthetwo-dimensionalmeshsystem.Severalnon-dimensionalvariablesarecreated:theratiooftheaircoregenerationdistanceandtankdiameter,thediameterratioofthetankanddrainport,therotationalReynoldsnumber,therotationalFroudenumber,andtherotationalWebernumber.Finally,thenon-dimensionalaircoregenerationdistanceiscorrelatedwiththeothernon-dimensionalparameters.

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简介：Theadsorptionisothermsoffouractivatedcarbons(NoritRB1,ChemvironBPL,Monolit,andAmbersorb-572)havebeenexaminedbynitrogenadsorptionat77.5K.Amethodforadsorptionpotentialdistributioncalculationhasbeenproposedbasedontheadsorptionisotherms.ThisdistributionprovidesinformationaboutpossiblechangesintheGibbsfreeenergycausedbytheenergeticandgeometricalheterogeneitiesofanactivatedcarbonaswellasbytheadsorbate-relatedentropiceffects.Thegeneralcharacteroftheadsorptionpotentialdistributionisclearlyvisiblebyitssimplerelationtothemicroporeandmesoporedistribution.

简介：Odonatalarvaeandadultswerecollectedfromfourteensitesofvarioushabitatsincludingrivers,ricefields,mountainstreams,freshwaterandpeatswamps,oilpalm,sugarcaneandrubberplantationsandlake.Outof51speciesrecorded,Libellulidaemadeupthemostdominantof10familiesfollowedbyGomphidaeandCoenagrionidae.Otherfamilieswerelesscommon.Riverineandstreamecosystemswerethemostdiverse,bothwithsixfamiliesand19and13speciesrespectively.Inthericefields,LibellulidaeandCoenagrionidaewererepresentedby17andsevenspeciesrespectively.ThepoorestfaunaofOdonatawasrecordedfromalakesystem.Afewoflibellulidswerefoundtobepollutiontolerantandwidespreadindistribution.Manyodonatespecieswererestrictedtopreferredhabitatsorwaterparametergradientsthatcouldbeusedasbioindicatorsofrespectivehabitatsorparameters.

简介：Thispaperreviewsthenumericalmodelsofvariouscavitatingflowsaroundhydrofoils.Numericalmodelsrelatingtocavitationflows,includingmasstransfermodelsandturbulencemodels,aresummarizedatfirst.Thennumericalresultsandanalysisofflowcharacteristicsforthecavitatingflowsaroundtwistedhydrofoils,truncatedhydrofoilandtipleakagearediscussedrespectively.Formeanflowfields,ReynoldsaveragedNavier-Stokes(RANS)simulationassociatedwithakindofnonlinearturbulencemodelisfoundtobeaneconomicandrobustnumericalapproachfordifferentkindsofcavitatingflowsincludingcloudcavitation,tipcavitationandtipleakagecavitation.Topredictthefluctuationsofpressureandvelocity,largeeddysimulation(LES)anddetachededdysimulation(DES)aretwoeffectiveapproaches.Finally,afewopenquestionsareproposedforfutureresearch.

简介：1.IntroductionThediscretizationofmanysecondorderselfadjointellipticboundaryvalueproblemsbythefiniteelementmethodleadstolargesparsesystemsoflinearequationswithsymmetricpositivedefinite(SPD)coefficientmatrices.Fortheselinearsystems,algebraicmultilevelp...

简介：Theprimaryresonancesofaquadraticnonlinearsystemunderweakandstrongexternalexcitationsareinvestigatedwiththeemphasisonthecomparisonofdifferentanalyticalapproximateapproaches.Theforcedvibrationofsnap-throughmechanismistreatedasaquadraticnonlinearoscillator.TheLindstedt-Poincar′emethod,themultiple-scalemethod,theaveragingmethod,andtheharmonicbalancemethodareusedtodeterminetheamplitude-frequencyresponserelationshipsofthesteady-stateresponses.Itisdemonstratedthatthezeroth-orderharmoniccomponentsshouldbeaccountedintheapplicationoftheharmonicbalancemethod.Theanalyticalapproximationsarecomparedwiththenumericalintegrationsintermsofthefrequencyresponsecurvesandthephaseportraits.Supportedbythenumericalresults,theharmonicbalancemethodpredictsthatthequadraticnonlinearitybendsthefrequencyresponsecurvestotheleft.Iftheexcitationamplitudeisasecond-ordersmallquantityofthebookkeepingparameter,thesteady-stateresponsespredictedbythesecond-orderapproximationoftheLindstedtPoincar′emethodandthemultiple-scalemethodagreequalitativelywiththenumericalresults.Itisdemonstratedthatthequadraticnonlinearsystemimpliessofteningtypenonlinearityforanyquadraticnonlinearcoefficients.

简介：Bythemethodofcomparisonandanalysis,thesuccessionpatternoftotalP,availablephosphorus,organicPtypesandinorganicPtypesinrhizosphereandnon-rhizospheresoilatdifferentdevelopmentstagesinLarch(Larixolgensis)plantationswasrevealed.Theresultshowed:whenstandageincreased,thecontentofavailablephosphorus,O-P,totalPandorganicPinrhizospheresoildecreasedgreatlyorsignificantly,thecontentofinorganicP,Ca-PandFe-Pinrhizospheresoilinrhizospheresoilincreasedgreatlyorsignificantly.ThecontentofCa-Pinnon-rhizospheresoilincreasedwithstandgrowing.ThecontentofFe-Pinhalf-maturestand,availablePandFe-Pinnearmaturestand,availablePandCa-Pinmaturestandinnonrhizospheresoilwasmorethanthatinrhizospheresoil.