简介:BasedontheknowinggeochemicalcharacteristicsofwallrockintheMobingolddepositandcompositionoffluidinclusioninore,water-rockexperimentswerecarriedout,importantachievementsareacquiredasfollowing:Goldismainlyderivedfromtheore-bearingwallrock,i,e.,aseriesofepimetamorphicclasticgritstone,sandyslate,andtuffaceousslateintheWuqiangBanxiFormation,WuqiangxiGroup.Inthermalsystemwithmiddle-lowtemperaturechlorinegoldmaybederivedformstablecomplexions,soitisquiteimportantingoldmetallogenicprocess.Sulphurandchlorineperformasthemajornegativeionsthroughoutthegoldactivationandmigrationmovement.Theconcentrationofsulphurandchlorineions,pHvalueandtemperatureareofdecidingsignificanceforgoldactivation,migrationandprecipitation.
简介:Twokindsofmyloniteseriesrocks,felsicandmafic,havebeenrecognizedintheNW-strikingshearzoneoftheJiapigougoldbelt.Duringductiledeformation,alargeamountoffluidinteractedintensivelywiththemyloniteseriesrocks:plagioclasesweresericitizedandtheAnvaluesdeclinedrapidly,finallyallofthemweretransformedtoalbites;darkmineralsweregraduallyreplacedbychlorites(mostlyripidolite).Meanwhile,large-scaleandextensivecarbonationalsotookplace,andthecarbonatizationmineralsvariedfromcalcitetodolomiteandankeritewiththedevelopmentofdeformation.Theδ^13Cvaluesofthecarbonatesare-3.0‰--5.6‰suggestingadeepsourceofcarbon.Theductiledeformationisnearlyaniso-volumeone(fv=1).Withtheenhancementofsheardeformation,SiO2inthetwomyloniteseriesrockswasdepleted,whilevolatilecomponentssuchasCO2andH2O,andsomeore-formingelementssuchasAuandSwereobviouslyenriched.ButitisnotedthattheenrichmentofAuinboththemyloniteseriesrocksdidnotreachthepaygradeofgold.ThereleasedSiO2fromwater-rockinteractionsoccurredintheformofcolloidsandabsorbedgoldinthefluid.Whenbrittlestructureswereformedlocallyintheductileintheductileshearzone,theore-formingfluidsmigratedtothestructuresalongmicrofractures,andprecipitatedauriferousquartzbecauseofreductionofpressureandtemperature.Fluidinclusionstudyshowsthatthetemperatureandpressureoftheore-formingfluidsare245-292℃and95.4-131.7MParespectively;thesalinityis12.88-16.33wt%NaCl;thefluid-phaseisrichinCa^2+,K^+,Na^+,Mg^2+,F^-andCl^-,whilethegaseousphasesarerichinCO2andCH4.TheδDandδ^18Ovaluesoftheore-formingfluidare-84.48‰--91.73‰and-0.247‰-+2.715‰respectively,suggestingthatthefluidiscomposedpredominantlyofmeteoricwater.
简介:Soilwaterisoneofrenewablewaterresources.Somepropertiesofsoilwaterconcerningwithitsavailabilitytoplantarebrieflydescribed.Anequationforestimatingtheamountofsoilwaterresourceispresented.Basedontheevaporationdemandofatmosphere,theevaluationcoefficientforsoilwaterresourceissuggested.
简介:A5-yearexperimentonwaterbalancehasbeenconductedinaflatrainfedwheatfieldwithanareaof66×100m^2inFengqiu,HenanProvinceinChina.Basedontheanalysisofsemi-variancefunctionsconductedwithsoilmoisturesamplestakenfrom77nodesofa10×10m^2grid,thesoilmoisturedistributioninthefieldwasstructuralwithatemporalstability.Accordingtotheautocorrelationrangeofthesemi-variancefunction,6siteswereselectedforthedeterminationofsoilwaterconditions.Thecharacteristicofprobabilitydensityfunctionofthedifferencesofwaterstorageintwosetsofmeasurementsshowedthatthedistributionofthesevariablesinthefieldwasanormalone.Theerrorintheestimationoftheaverageof5randomsampleswas14%(α=0.10),andtheerrorsofwaterconsumptionbywheatduringtheexperimentswereestimatedtobe6-13%.Simetheexperimentalfieldwaslargeenoughtoavoidanyedgeeffect,theresultsobtainedshouldtallywiththeactualsituation.Yetthesoilsystemwasheterogeneous,sowemustfollowtheprinciplesofstatisticsandgeostatisticswhendescribingthesystem'sstatuswiththeaverageofthesamples.
简介:Thenaturalsupplyoflandresourcesislimited,buttheeconomicsupplymaychangealongwithsocialandeconomicdevelopment,anditssizeisdecidedbyenatureandsocialandeconomicbodyconditions.Whenthesupplyingabilityoflandresourcesthreatensthedevelopmentofsocietyandtheconflictbetweenpeopleandlandbecomestense,itforcedpeopletoim-provelandutilizationandtoincreasetheeffectivesupplyoflandresources.ThepapermadeanoverallconsiderationonthecharacteristicsoftheirrigatedfarmingandthefrailecologicalenvironmentinFuhaiCounty,AltayArea,XinjiangUigurAutonomousRegionandexploredlandarrangementplanningaswellaswaterresourceplanningandenvironmentalprotection.Thepaperevaluatednaturalresources,landutilizationandwaterresourceofthecasestudyareasandfocusedonthespatio-temporalbalancebetweentheutilizationofwaterandlandresources.Intheendthepaperafeasibleplanwasmadeoutforthelandarrangementproject.
简介:Foresthasastrongfunctioninstoringwater,conservingsoilandprotectingfarmland.Inthestudy,basedonfleldmanagementandsurvey,theseeffectsofforestinBeijingweredeterminedandquantified.Accordingtotheprinciplesandmethodologyofenvironmenteconomics,thevaluesofforesttoconservesoilandwaterwereaccounted.TheresultshowsthatthetotalvalueofforesttoconservesoilandwaterinBeijingisasmuchas1129.58×10~8yuan,inwhichthevalueofwaterstorageis1107.92×10...
简介:在中国的黄土高原上,干燥土壤层可以由于过量蒸发形成,导致蝗虫(Robiniapseudoacacia)承受的黑色的降级。为了更好设法,预测包含黑蝗虫,这研究被打算调查黑蝗虫蒸发率的反应玷污在黄土高原上用二代表性的土壤(卢拇的泥土和沙的沃土)由气象学的因素影响了的水可获得性。四个土壤水内容为在开始户外的壶然后在一个控制气候的房间种的黑蝗虫幼苗被维持,由弄干或灌溉壶。在两环境,每日的蒸发率被力量功能与空气温度并且由逻辑功能有关引用土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量(et0)。蒸发率比在卢拇的黏土更产生处于在沙的沃土的气象学的条件的变化。在浇得好的处理的蒸发率为比在卢拇的黏土在沙的沃土种的黑蝗虫是更大的。规范的蒸发率由et0是未受影响的直到土壤水内容的批评价值(c)被达到;c价值为卢拇的黏土显著地减少了,但是当et0增加了时,为沙的沃土土壤显著地增加了。这些建议黑蝗虫的蒸发特征上的气象学的条件的效果依赖于土壤质地。
简介:Researchsamplesweretakenfromanancientgravelstratumwhichisnotonlyarepresentativesoillayeralongthemiddle-lowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverinEastChina,butalsooneoftheprimaryNeozoicstratainNanjingdistrict.Locatedmostlyonthesecondandthirdterraces,theancientgravelstrataformedthegeomorphiclandscapesofterraceandstep.Theywerecomplexinconstitution,variedwidelyinstability,ofmultiplesources,locallyderived,andassociatedwithbraidedstreamsinthedepositionenvironment.ACIPW(Cross,Iddings,PirssonandWashington)methodmodifiedbytheauthorwasusedtoanalyzethesoi-rock-formingmaterialsoffinergrains(lessthan2mminsize)oftheancientgravelstratum.Resultsoftheanalysisshowedthatthesandygrainswerecomposedofapatite,ilmenite,potassiumfeldspar,plagioclase,enstatiteandfreequartz,theclaymainlyofkaolinite,andthecementofacombinationofsilicon,aluminumandironataratioof46:44:10.Inthesoil-rock-formingprocesses,includingcompactionalsolidification,water-stableilluviation-cementation,homogeneousovergrowthandsoon,theloosesoil-rock-formingcomponentsgraduallychangedintoconsolidatedsoilandfurthertotheearlystageoflithification.Meanwhile,fromtheanalysis,wefoundthattheancientgravelstratumhadbeenprotectedbytheoverlyingXiashuloessorbasaltandtheoverloadingresultedinoverconsolidatedstrata.ThemodifiedCIPWmethodwasapplicableandeffectiveforsemi-quantitativeanalysis.
简介:Theeffectsofsimulatedacidrainretainedinsoilonthepropertiesofacidsoilanditsdiminishingbyapplicationofgroundphosphaterockwereinvestigatedbyusingthesorptionmethod.Resultsshowasfollows:(1)Foryellowbrownsoil,theeffectofsimulatedacidrainonthepropertiesofsoilwithapHvalueof5.9wasrelativelysmall,exceptagreatquantityofacidraindepositedonit.(2)forredsoil,theeffectofsimulatedacidrainonthepropertiesofsoilwassignificant.Withtheincreaseoftheamountofaciddeposition,thepHvalueofsoilwasdeclined,butthecontentsofexchangeableH^+,Al^3+andMn^2+andtheamountofSO4^1-retentionwereincreased.(3)Manypropertiesofacidsoilscouldbeimprovedbyapplyinggroundphosphaterock.Forexample,pHvalueofsoilsandtheamountsofavailablePandexchangeableCa^2+andMg^2+wereincreased,andtheamountsofexchangeableH^+andAl^3+andSO4^2-retainedwasreduced.Theapplicationofgroundposphaterockcouldeffctivelydiminishthepollutionofacidraintosoil.
简介:TheaimofthisworkisanimprovementoftheparameterizationofthesoilmoistureintheschemeoftheLandSurfaceProcessModel(LSPM)forapplicationsoverdesertareas.Infact,inverydryconditions,thewatervapourfluxplaysanimportantroleintheevaporationprocessesandinfluencestheundergroundprofilesofhumidityandtemperature.TheimprovedversionofsoilmoistureparametcrizationintheLSPMschemehasbeencheckedbyusingthedatatakenfromthedatabaseofthefieldexperimentHAPEX-Sahel(Hydrology-AtmospherePilotExperimentintheSahel,1990-1992).ModelsimulationsrefertothreedifferentstationslocatedinNiger(Fallow,MilletandTigersites)whereinputdataforLSPMandobservationsweresimultaneouslyavailable.TheresultsofsimulationstakingintoaccountthewatervapourfluxinthesoilmodelLSPM,seemtocomparebetterwiththeobservedbehaviourofsoilmoistureandturbulentheatfluxesthanthoseoverlookingthewatervapourflux,confirmingthegreatimportanceofthewatervapourinsuchdryconditions.
简介:Coupledtransferofsoilwaterandheatinclosedcolumnsofhomogeneousredsoilwasstudiedunderlaboratoryconditions.Acoupledmodelwasconstructedusingsoilphysicaltheory,empiricalequationsandexperimentaldatatopredictthecoupledtransfer.Theresultsshowthattransportofsoilwaterwasaffectedbytemperaaturegradient,andthelargestnetwatertransportwasfoundinthesoilcolumnwithinitialwatercontentof0.148m^3m^-3,Atthesametime,temperaturechangeswiththetransportofsoilwaterwasinanonlinearshapeasheatparameterswrefunctionofwatercontent,andthechangesoftemperaturewerepositivelycorrelatedwiththenetamountofwatertransported.Numericalmodellingresultsshowthatthepredictedvaluesoftemperaturedistributionwereclosetotheobservedvalues,whilethepredictedvaluesofwatercontentexhibitedlimiteddeviationatbothendsofthesoilcolumnduetotheslighttemperaturechangesatbothends.ItWASindicatedthatthemodelproposedherewasapplicable.
简介:Aerobicrice(OryzasativaL.)cultivationisconsideredanalternativeproductionsystemtocombatincreasedwaterscarcityandarsenic(As)contaminationinthefoodchain.PotexperimentswereconductedattheWheatResearchCentre,Dinajpur,Bangladeshtoexaminetheroleofwatermanagement(WM),Asandphosphorus(P)onyieldandyieldattributesofboro(varietyBRRIdhan29)andaman(varietyBRRIdhan32)rice.Atotalof18treatmentcombinationsofthethreelevelsofAs(0,20and40mg/kg)andP(0,12.5and25.0mg/kg)andtwoWMstrategies(aerobicandanaerobic)wereinvestigated.YieldattributesweresignificantlyaffectedbyincreasingAslevels.GrainyieldsofBRRIdhan29andBRRIdhan32werereducedfrom63.0to7.7and35.0to16.5g/potwithincreasingAsapplication,respectively,indicatingagreatersensitivityofBRRIdhan29thanBRRIdhan32.Moreover,AstoxicitywasreducedwithaerobiccomparedtoanaerobicWMforallPlevels.Duringearlygrowthstages,phytotoxicsymptomsappearedonBRRIdhan29andBRRIdhan32ricestemswithincreasingAslevelswithoutapplyingPunderanaerobicWM.UnderanaerobicandAs-contaminatedconditions,BRRIdhan29washighlysusceptibletostraighthead,whichdramaticallyreducedgrainyields.Thereweresignificantrelationshipsbetweenthenumberofeffectivetillersperpotandrootdryweight,grainyield,andnumberoffertileandunfertilegrainsperpotforbothBRRIdhan29andBRRIdhan32(P<0.001).OurfindingsindicatethatricecouldbegrownaerobicallyinAs-contaminatedareaswithareducedriskofAstoxicityandyieldloss.
简介:植被盖子在土壤在水流动上有主要效果。二个地点,由大约50m的距离分开了,被选择确定hydrophysical参数和在出现在一个大雨追随者期间的沙的土壤的水流动的异质上的草盖子的影响一个长热的、干燥时期。有植被或有机物的有限影响的控制土壤(纯沙)被采样在一个森林中的空地区域下面在50厘米深度获得,并且草地土壤在10厘米被盖住由草的厚腐殖的层和colonised。水抵抗性的坚持用微型磁盘infiltrometer用水落下穿入时间测试,sorptivity和不饱和的水力的电导率被测量,并且浸透用双戒指infiltrometer的水力的电导率。染料tracer实验被用来估计水流动,和两个的异质为估计有效的生气的节的修改方法和为估计优先的流动的度的一个原来的方法被用来确定从染的土壤的图象的这异质介绍。大多数hydrophysical参数在二表面之间是实质地不同的。草地土壤有水抵抗性的一个索引大约10次纯沙和水抵抗性的坚持的乘纯沙的的几乎350。分别地,在草地土壤的水和乙醇sorptivities纯沙的那些是7%和43%。在草地土壤的水力的电导率和浸透的水力的传导性分别地是纯沙的5%那些和16%。染料tracer实验与“air-draining”揭示了稳定的流动在纯沙的状况和在草地土壤的开发得好的优先的流动,相应于单个草丛、小微消沉。草地土壤是实质地,更多流水讨厌、有3与纯沙相比预定优先的流动的度。这研究的结果增强我们在气候的任何变化的后果,将最终影响水文学,将在草地和赤裸的土壤之间是显著地不同的看法。
简介:Inordertoinvestigatetherelationbetweenthewatercontentchangingofsurfacesoilandmicro-quakerecordedbeforeearthquakes,wecarriedoutasimulationexperimentinlaboratory.Itspurposeistoexplorewhethertheacousticwavegeneratedbymicro-fracturingbeforeearthquakeareabletochangewatercontentofsurfacesoil,soastounderstandtherelationbetweenthermalanomalyintheremotesensingimagegotfromtheseismogenicareaandthecomingearthquake.Theresultoftheexperimentshowsthatwhentheacousticwaveentersintothesurfacesoilthewatercontenthereincreasesonthebackgroundofdecreasingduetonaturalevaporation.Inthemeantime,temperatureheredecreases.
简介:Aschemeisdevelopedforanalysingtheinteractionbetweenafoundationandanonlin-earrockandsoilmedium,inwhichthefoundationisconsideredasalinearelasticbodyandatypicalboundaryintegralequationmethod(BIEM)isemployed.(hathebasisoftakingthenonlinearproper-tiesofthemediumintoaccount,aperturbationBIEMisdeveloped.Thefundamentalequationsforthenonlinearcouplinganalysisareformulated,andtypicalproblemsaresolvedanddiscussedbythepre-sentmethod.
简介:Becauseofthedistinctionofsoilpropertyandhumuscontent,soilwatercontentisnotidealtoindicatewhetheritissuitabletothegrowthofplant.MainlybasedonthePF-anumericalvaluedenotingthewaterregimeofsoilandconnectedwiththegrowthofplant,thestudycombinedthemoisturepercentageofsoilwithPFtoresearchinquantitytheinterrelationbetweenthemoisturepercentageandPFindifferentsuccessionphasesofsubalpinedarkconiferousforestinGonggaMountain.Theresultsshowedthat:(1)InthesamePFvalue,themoisturepercentageinhumushorizonincreasedgraduallywiththedevelopmentofthesuccessionofthedarkconiferousforest;Themoisturepercentageofover-matureforestwasthehighestand>matureforest>half-matureforest>younggrowthforest;(2)Withtheincreaseofsoildepth,thesoilbulkdensityincreasedandthemoisturepercentagedecreased,butthedifferenceinthepercentageofmoisturewasnotnotableindifferentsuccessionphases.(3)Indifferentsuccessionseries,thevegetationaffectedthesoilwatercharacteristicsbyincreasingthesoilorganicmatter,improvingthesoilconstruction,recedingthesoilbulkdensityandenhancingthesoilporosity;(4)Thehumushorizonofthedarkconiferousforestsoilhasthehighestwaterholdingcapabilityinthisregion.
简介:Soilaggregatestability,animportantindexofthephysicalcharacteristicsofasoil,canprovideagoodindicationofasoil’serodibility,anddeservesspecialconsiderationinregionswithcoldclimate.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastostudytheeffectoffreeze-thawonsoilwater-stableaggregatesintheblacksoilregionofNortheastChina.Samplesofatypicalblacksoilintheregionwerecollectedtomeasurewater-stableaggregatesafterfreeze-thawunderdifferentconditions(i.e.,initialmoisturecontents,freezethawcyclesandfreezingtemperatures)bywet-sievingintoeightparticlesizegroups(>10,10–6,6–5,5–3,3–2,2–1,1–0.5,and0.5–0.25mm).Freeze-thawhadthemosteffectonaggregatestabilitywhenthesampleshadaninitialmoisturecontentof400gkg-1.Thewater-stableaggregatesofthefourlargerparticlesizegroups(>5,5–3,3–2,and2–1mm)reachedapeakstabilityvalue,butthoseofthetwosmallerparticlesizegroups(1–0.5and0.5–0.25mm)reachedaminimumvaluewhenthesoilmoisturecontentwas400gkg-1.Water-stableaggregatesofthefourlargerparticlesizegroupsdecreasedwhilethoseofthetwosmallerparticlesizegroupsincreasedwiththeincreaseoffreeze-thawcycles.Astemperaturesfell,thewater-stableaggregatesofthefourlargerparticlesizegroupsdecreasedwhilethoseofthetwosmallerparticlesizegroupsincreased.
简介:Afieldexperimentwasconductedfrom1999to2002tocompareandevaluatetheeffectsofnutrientandwaterregimesonpaddysoilqualitybyinvestigatingsoilchemicalandmicrobiologicalparameters.Fournutrientregimes,acontrol,chemicalfertilizersonly(CF),chemicalfertilizerswithswinemanure(SM),andchemicalfertilizerswithwheatstraw(WS),andtwosoilmoistureregimes,continuouswaterlogging(CWL)andalternatewettinganddrying(AWD),wereinvestigated.WithSMandWStotalorganiccarbonandtotalnitrogeninthepaddysoilweresignificantlyhigher(P<0.05)thanthosewithCF.AsimilareffectfororganicamendmentswasobservedinthesoillightfractionorganicC(LFOC),water-solublecarbohydrates(WSC),andwater-solubleorganicC(WSOC).CWL,inparticularwhenswinemanurewasincorporatedintothepaddysoil,markedlydecreasedsoilredoxpotential(Eh)andincreasedtotalactivereducingsubstances(ARS).Meanwhile,ascomparedtoCF,SMandWSsignificantly(P<0.05)increasedsoilmicrobialbiomassC(MBC)andmineralizablecarbon,withdifferencesinAWDbeinghigherthanCWL.Inaddition,SMandWStreatmentssignificantly(P<0.05)improvedriceabove-groundbiomassandgrainyield,withAWDbeinggreaterthanCWL.Thus,forecologicallysustainableagriculturalmanagementofpaddysoils,long-termwaterloggingshouldbeavoidedwhenorganicmanurewasincorporatedintopaddysoil.