简介：Treetopologies,whichconstructspatialgraphswithlargecharacteristicpathlengthsandsmallclusteringcoefficients,areubiquitousindeploymentsofwirelesssensornetworks.Smallworldsareinvestigatedintree-basednetworks.Duetolinkadditions,characteristicpathlengthsreducerapidlyandclusteringcoefficientsincreasegreatly.Atreeabstract,Cayleytree,isconsideredforthestudyofthenavigationalgorithm,whichrunsautomaticallyinthesmallworldsoftree-basednetworks.Inthefurtherstudy,epidemicsinthesmallworldsoftree-basedwirelesssen-sornetworksonthelargescalearestudied,andthepercolationthresholdiscalculated,atwhichtheoutbreakoftheepidemictakesplace.ComparedwithCayleytree,thereisasmallerpercolationthresholdsufferingfromtheepidemic.

简介：Weconsideraquantumparticleasawavepacketinthecoordinatespace.Whentheconjugatewavepacketinthemomentumspaceisconsidered,wefindthatthegroupvelocitiesofthesetwowavepackets,whichdescribetheparticledynamics,areinagreementwiththeHamiltonequationsonlyifinthetimedependentphasesoneconsiderstheLagrangianinsteadoftheHamiltonianwhichleadstotheconventionalSchr?dingerequation.Wedefinearelativisticquantumprincipleassertingthataquantumparticlehasafinitefrequencyspectrum,withacutoffpropagationvelocitycasauniversalconstantnotdependingonthecoordinatesystem,andthatanytimedependentphasevariationisthesameinanysystemofcoordinates.Fromthetimedependentphaseinvariance,therelativistickinematicsisobtained.Weconsidertwotypesofpossibleinteractions:1)Aninteractionwithanexternalfield,byamodificationofthetimedependentphasedifferentialwiththetermsproportionaltothedifferentialsofthespace-timecoordinatesmultipliedwiththecomponentsofthisfieldfour-potential,and2)aninteractionbyadeformationofthespace-timecoordinates,duetoagravitationalfield.Fromtheinvarianceofthetimedependentphasewithfieldcomponents,weobtainamechanicalforceoftheformofLorentz’sforce,andthreeMaxwellequations:TheGauss-Maxwellequationsfortheelectricandmagneticfluxes,andtheFaraday-Maxwellequationfortheelectromagneticinduction.Whenthefourthequation,Ampère-Maxwell,isconsidered,theinteractionfieldtakestheformoftheelectromagneticfield.Foralowpropagationvelocityoftheparticlewaves,wegetapacketofwaveswiththetimedependentphasesproportionaltotherelativisticHamiltonian,asinDirac’sfamoustheoryofspin,andaslowly-varyingamplitudewithaphaseproportionaltothemomentumandthisvelocity.Intheframeworkofourtheory,thespinisobtainedasanallquantumeffect,withoutanyadditionalassumptiontothequantumtheory.When

简介：Therobustboundedflightcontrolschemeisdevelopedfortheuncertainlongitudinalflightdynamicsofthefighterwithcontrolinputsaturationinvokingthebacksteppingtechnique.Toenhancethedisturbancerejectionabilityoftherobustflightcontrolforfighters,theslidingmodedisturbanceobserverisdesignedtoestimatethecompoundeddisturbanceincludingtheunknownexternaldisturbanceandtheeffectofthecontrolinputsaturation.Basedonthebacksteppingtechniqueandthecompoundeddisturbanceestimatedoutput,therobustboundedflightcontrolschemeisproposedforthefighterwiththeunknownexternaldisturbanceandthecontrolinputsaturation.Theclosed-loopsystemstabilityunderthedevelopedrobustboundedflightcontrolschemeisrigorouslyprovedusingtheLyapunovmethodandtheuniformlyasymptoticalconvergencesofallclosed-loopsignalsareguaranteed.Finally,simulationresultsarepresentedtoshowtheeffectivenessoftheproposedrobustboundedflightcontrolschemefortheuncertainlongitudinalflightdynamicsofthefighter.

简介：Byutilizingtotalmagneticfluxφoftheprimaryandsecondarywindingsoftheflybacktransformerasastatevariable,thediscrete-timemodelofcurrent-modecontrolledflybackconverterisestablished,uponwhichthebifurcationbehaviorsoftheconverterareanalyzedandtwoboundaryclassificationequationsoftheorbitstateshiftingareobtained.Theoperation-stateregionsofthecurrent-modecontrolledflybackconverterarewellclassifiedbytwoboundaryclassificationequations.Thetheoreticalanalysisresultsareverifiedbypowerelectronicssimulator(PSIM).Theestimationofoperation-stateregionsfortheflybackconverterisusefulforthedesignofcircuitparameters,stabilitycontrolofchaos,andchaos-basedapplications.