简介:Weexperimentallydemonstratea4×4nonblockingsiliconthermo-optic(TO)switchfabricconsistingofthreestagesoftunablegeneralizedMach–Zehnderinterferometers.All24routingstatesfornonblockingswitchingarecharacterized.Thedevice’sfootprintis4.6mm×1.0mm.Measurementsshowthattheworstcrosstalkofallswitchingstatesis-7.2dB.Theon-chipinsertionlossisintherangeof3.7–13.1dB.TheaverageTOswitchingpowerconsumptionis104.8mW.
简介:Thesynthesisofopen-fiameworkmetalphosphateshasbeenasubjectofintenseresearchowingtotheirinterestingstructuralchemistryandpotentialapplicationsasionexchangers,catalystsandadsorbents.Alargenumberofthesematerialsaresynthesizedinthepresenceoforganicaminesasstructure-directingagents.Recently,manyresearchactivitieshavefocusedonthesynthesisofinorganic-organichybridframeworks.Ascomparedwithinorganicligands,theadvantageofusingorganicmultidentateligandsistheefficacyofrationaldesignofcrystallinesolidsthroughtheircoordinatingpropensitiesandgeometries.
简介:Thesynthesisandphasebehaviorofaseriesof4’-alkyloxy-4-hydroxybiphenylswerediscribed.Theeffectsofreactionconditionsontheyieldsofproductswereinvestigated.Thecharacterizationsofthermotropicliquidcrystallineproductsforthetypeandthermalpropertiesarediscussedthroughtheuseofdifferentialscanningcalorimetry,polarizingmicroscopy.
简介:Reactionsofthe6-hydroxy-thiopyrano[3,4-c]pyridine-5-carbonitrilederivative1withα-halo-carbonylcompoundsgavetheortho-substitutedintermediates2a-cwhichwereconvertedintofuro[2,3-b]thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyridines3a-cbyfusionofafuranmoietyunderbasicconditions.Furthercyclizationof3a-cledtoafusionofapyrimidinering,yieldingthetetracyclicproducts6,7and8.Inaddition,condensationof6withvariousaromaticaldehydesaffordedthecorrespondingimines9a,b.Mannichreactionof7gaveproducts10a,b.
简介:摘要目的尿素酶B(UreB)是幽门螺杆菌疫苗设计的重点候选抗原,本研究拟探究UreB对巨噬细胞的免疫调控作用及潜在机制。方法用重组UreB蛋白刺激小鼠骨髓来源M0型巨噬细胞,经流式细胞术和ELISA检测巨噬细胞凋亡、极化和抗原提呈分子表达;共培养试验、CFSE和流式细胞术检测CD4+T细胞增殖及IFN-γ表达水平。构建UreB截短体,NanoBiT和免疫共沉淀检测UreB与TLR2结合表位。结果UreB可诱导巨噬细胞凋亡并逆转脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞M1型极化,促进巨噬细胞向M2型极化。同时,UreB也能抑制巨噬细胞抗原提呈分子MHCⅡ和CD86的表达,并进而抑制CD4+T细胞增殖和IFN-γ表达。分子机制研究表明UreB主要依赖于C端7个氨基酸残基与TLR2结合发挥以上调控作用。结论本研究证实UreB可通过C端7个氨基酸残基与TLR2结合发挥免疫负调控功能,有助于以UreB为基础的幽门螺杆菌疫苗设计及优化。
简介:摘要幽门螺杆菌是一种感染人类胃的革兰氏阴性病原体,是世界上最常见的细菌感染。幽门螺杆菌的长期、持续感染可导致患者发展为消化性溃疡、胃腺癌、胃粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤。Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)是抵御微生物入侵的第一道防线,在多种感染性疾病的发生发展中起重要作用。TLR9是机体免疫应答中发挥关键作用的I型整合跨膜蛋白,在树突状细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞和上皮细胞中均有表达,它能够通过低甲基化的DNA和糖骨架等结构识别DNA,并介导一系列免疫应答反应。尽管近年来对TLR9的激活机制进行了广泛的研究,但其在幽门螺杆菌感染导致的相关性疾病中的确切作用仍不明确。文章从TLR9在固有免疫中的功能及其信号通路、TLR9在幽门螺杆菌感染中的作用机制、TLR9与胃粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤这三个方面阐述TLR9在在幽门螺杆菌相关性疾病中的作用机制。
简介:摘要目的探讨Toll样受体9(TLR9)信号通路激活对肾小管细胞转录组的影响。方法提取并培养小鼠原代肾小管上皮细胞,在细胞融合度达80%时分为两组,分别加入10 μL磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS,PBS对照组)和终浓度为5 μmol/L的TLR9激活剂胞嘧啶-鸟嘌呤寡脱氧核苷酸(CpG-ODN,CpG-ODN处理组)。提取细胞RNA后在Illumina平台进行测序,使用差异基因分析软件DEGseq分析两组细胞中基因的差异表达情况,通过Goatools和KOBAS在线软件分析差异基因所参与的信号通路,应用Homer软件预测转录因子。结果与PBS对照组相比,CpG-ODN处理后有584个显著的差异表达基因,其中102个基因表达上调,482个表达下调。差异表达基因富集最显著的基因本体(GO)为β-干扰素响应、病毒响应或防御等炎症反应相关条目;京都基因与基因组百科全书数据库(KEGG)信号通路富集结果显示,富集系数最显著的信号通路包括2'-5'-寡腺苷酸合成酶活性、核糖核酸酶活性的调节、病毒生命周期的负调控、β-干扰素响应和对原生动物的防御反应等。转录因子预测结果显示,干扰素调节因子3(IRF3)是差异基因启动子序列上富集最显著的转录因子;IRF3是TLR9下游表达差异最显著的转录因子,转录因子21(TCF21)、锌指蛋白135(ZNF135)和阳性调节域4(PRDM4)等转录因子可能是TLR9信号通路的新候选靶标。结论CpG-ODN激活TLR9信号通路,原代肾小管上皮细胞能直接响应CpG-ODN的刺激并发生转录组学变化,为进一步探究TLR9信号通路在脓毒症相关性急性肾损伤中的分子机制研究提供了基础。
简介:Thestructureofpolyimidefrom1,4-bis(3’,4’-dicarboxyphenoxy)benzeneand4,4’-oxydianilinefilmspecimensbeforeandafterhotstretchinghasbeeninvestigatedbyWAXD,DSCandFTIR.AsevidencedbyboththeWAXDandDSCresults,itcouldbebelievedthatstraininducedcrystallizationdidtakeplaceafterhotstretching.Meanwhile,shiftingpositionandsplittingofsomebandpeaksexistedontheFTIRspectrogramswereexplainedintermsoftheclosepackingofchainsandthechangesofinter-molecularcharge-transferinteractionbetweenimidegroupsandaromaticgroupsuponcrystallization.